Download or read book Heat and Thrust Requirements of a Thermal Fog Dispersal System written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field tests were conducted with a subscale momentum/heat system, to determine the optimum heat and thrust requirements and combustor positions for a full scale thermal fog dispersal system. The site, located in Irvine, California, was laid out on a 1/6 scale. The Froude number scaling law was used to scale up to full scale. An array of 65 thermistors and 6 wind sensors was located in the target area over a simulated runway. Wind and temperature sensors were also located outside of the target area to provide background measurements during the tests. Tests were conducted at night, in clear air, during calm conditions. Both momentum and passive heat systems are evaluated in terms of heat and thrust requirements for different wind conditions. A single line momentum/heat system requires 5 to 10 times as much thrust as does a two-side-of-the-runway system. A passive system requires anywhere from 130-470 percent more heat output than does a momentum system. The appropriate system for a particular airfield can only be determined after a cost analysis has been made of the various systems and a wind study has been made of the particular airfield.
Download or read book Heat and Thrust Requirements of a Thermal Fog Dispersal System written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field tests were conducted with a subscale momentum/heat system, to determine the optimum heat and thrust requirements and combustor positions for a full scale thermal fog dispersal system. The site, located in Irvine, California, was laid out on a 1/6 scale. The Froude number scaling law was used to scale up to full scale. An array of 65 thermistors and 6 wind sensors was located in the target area over a simulated runway. Wind and temperature sensors were also located outside of the target area to provide background measurements during the tests. Tests were conducted at night, in clear air, during calm conditions. Both momentum and passive heat systems are evaluated in terms of heat and thrust requirements for different wind conditions. A single line momentum/heat system requires 5 to 10 times as much thrust as does a two-side-of-the-runway system. A passive system requires anywhere from 130-470 percent more heat output than does a momentum system. The appropriate system for a particular airfield can only be determined after a cost analysis has been made of the various systems and a wind study has been made of the particular airfield.
Download or read book A Modern Thermo kinetic Warm Fog Dispersal System written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive investigation has been made to arrive at optimum specifications for a thermo-kinetic warm fog dispersal system. This study included passive heat tests, sub-scale heat/momentum tests, and tests with a single full-scale runway combustor and an approach zone combustor. These tests were augmented with extensive analytical modeling of buoyant jets under coflowing and counterflowing wind conditions. The landing category and the operational requirements within each category are the primary factors affecting the size of the thermal fog dispersal system (TFDS). A Cat 2 TFDS employs 22 percent fewer combustors and uses 50 percent less fuel than a Cat 1 TFDS. The combustor specification and orientation are presented for both Cat 1 and Cat 2 systems. (Author).
Download or read book Thermal Fog Dispersal Manual written by TRANSOCEAN AIR LINES OAKLAND CALIF. and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manual describes the requirements, basic principles of design, construction, operation, and maintenance of a thermal fog dispersal system. The recommended installation is a high pressure system wherein fuel is pumped to the burner lines at pressures over 1000 p.s.i., atomized by passing through an orifice plate in the burner head, and automatically ignited. The manual describes atmospheric heat requirements for the dissipation of fog, the effect of winds on system design, and the interface between aircraft and fog dispersal system operations. (Author).
Download or read book The Air Quality and Noise Impact of a Warm Fog Dispersal System Using Momentum Driven Heat Sources written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of a Warm Fog Dispersal System (WFDS) on the air quality and noise level is assessed. The WFDS, designed by AFGL, uses various combinations of heat and thrust to disperse the fog over the runway and approach zones. Emission and noise levels that are within the state-of-the-art are used in this assessment. Calculations show that within the cleared area the pollution concentrations, on the average, are within the EPA standards. (Author).
Download or read book Air Force Surveys in Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculation of the Buoyant Motion of a Turbulent Planar Heated Jet in an Opposing Air Stream written by Milton M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad experimental and theoretical program is being conducted to aid in the development of an operational warm fog dispersal system which utilizes momentum driven ground based heat sources. To help determine optimum heat and thrust combinations for the system, investigations are being made of the buoyant motion of heated turbulent jets both coflowing (wind and jet in the same direction) and counterflowing (wind and jet opposite). The investigation of the coflowing jet has been completed and in addition a model has been developed from which the dynamic characteristics of a heated counterflowing jet in the absence of buoyancy can be calculated. The present investigation is concerned with the effect of buoyancy upon the motion of a counterflowing jet. The lower portion of the trajectory, which has been calculated by the present model, is in fair to good agreement with the corresponding experimental curve, the calculated curve tending to be somewhat higher than that obtained experimentally. The calculated upper part of the trajectory, obtained from a model which gives the deflection of a jet in a crosswind, is in good agreement with experiment.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction of a Buoyant Turbulent Round Jet with a Co flowing Wind written by Milton M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad effort is being conducted to develop an operational Warm Fog Dispersal System (WFDS) using ground-based heat sources. In order to determine the optimum heat and thrust for the combustors in the WFDS, investigations have been made of the buoyant motion in round- and plane-heated turbulent jets in co-flowing (that is, same direction) wind fields. This report describes a method of calculating the round jet case. The method can be used for jet velocities of 100m/sec or less, wind velocities below or equal to the jet velocity, and jet temperatures up to 3 times the ambient value. Initial jet velocities of 5 and 20m/sec and temperature excesses, relative to the ambient temperature, of .3 and 1 were selected for the calculations.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Method for Determining the Point of Lift off and Modified Trajectory of a Ground based Heated Turbulent Planar Jet in a Co flowing Wind written by Milton M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and theoretical programs are being conducted to aid in the development of an operational Warm Fog Dispersal System using ground based heat sources. To help determine optimum heat and thrust combinations for the system, investigations have been made of the buoyant motion of heated turbulent jets in co-flowing; that is, same direction ambient winds. To take account of the ground effect, an analysis has been made of the experimental data for the planar jet at the point of lift-off in terms of the local Froude number at this point. From this correlation a procedure has been developed for determining the lift-off point, using the ambient wind and initial velocity and temperature of the jet as input variables. A new jet trajectory may now be easily calculated with only a simple modification of the original method in which the ground effect was ignored.
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the world's literature on meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry and physics, physical oceanography, hydrology, glaciology, and related environmental sciences.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book R D Abstracts written by Technology Reports Centre (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction of a Buoyant Turbulent Planar Jet with a Co flowing Wind written by Milton M. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic theory of buoyant motion of a free planar heated jet in still air is extended to account for environmental winds from the same direction as the jet, that is, co-flowing winds. The model is applicable for wind and jet velocities up to 100 m/sec, and jet temperatures up to three times the ambient. Calculations are made for initial jet velocities of 5 and 20 m/sec and temperature excesses, relative to ambient temperature, of 0.3 and 1. For light winds relative to the initial jet velocity the vertical velocity and centerline trajectory of the plume rise rapidly with distance from the jet source. This is similar to that found with the classic theory for still air. As the wind speed approaches the initial jet velocity, the rise of the jet plume with distance from the source is much more gradual. For all wind speeds, the axial jet velocity and temperature decrease rapidly with distance from the jet source, until they become almost constant at short distances downstream. A similarity rule is derived which preserves dynamic similarity in scaling from a given system to another system. For low wind speeds the procedure is close to that based on constant Froude number. (Author).
Download or read book Ground Based Warm Fog Dispersal Systems Technique Selection and Feasibility Determination with Cost Estimates written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engineering study determines the feasibility of and prepares a conceptual design for a ground-based warm fog dispersal system at a selected airport which has a high frequency of fog and a large air traffic volume that is adversely affected by fog. Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) was selected as the airport for study. The study considers and includes a brief review of warm fog dispersal mechanisms. The results indicate that heat is presently the only reliable technique for warm fog dispersal. Two methods of applying heat to fog are examined in detail, namely, the Thermokinetic and Modified Passive Thermal. Engineering costs estimates are developed. The results of the study indicate that both systems would be cost-effective at Los Angeles International Airport. For improving the visibility in fog to CAT 2 minimums, the 12-year benefit-to-cost ratio of the Thermokinetic Fog Dispersal System which uses natural gas for fuel is 8.7 to 1 while the Modified Passive Thermal Fog Dispersal System has a ratio of 4.8 to 1. The study concludes that a Thermal Fog Dispersal System at LAX is both feasible and cost effective.
Download or read book Papers Presented at the Second WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification written by and published by Secretariat to World Meteorological Organization. This book was released on 1976 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
