Download or read book Republic of Iraq Public Expenditure Review written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Republic of Iraq Public Expenditure Review: Toward More Efficient Spending for Better Service Delivery provides an integrated perspective on how Iraq needs to provide better public service delivery while maintaining macroeconomic stability and fiscal discipline. These goals exist amid a challenging context of revenue volatility, the need to diversify the economy, weak accountability mechanisms, and residual conflict. Reflecting these challenges, key socioeconomic developmental indicators are stalled or are even declining despite rapid growth in public spending. Growth in spending has not been matched by absorptive capacity, let alone improved outcomes. The difficult task of encouraging fiscal institutions to embed practices of good economic management remains a work in progress. The task for Iraqi authorities will be to turn oil revenues into sustained welfare improvements. Macroeconomic stability alone is not enough to address social and economic development issues and to avoid a 'resource curse'. Economic diversification is imperative for the goals of creating jobs and promoting income-generating opportunities for the Iraqi population. In the years ahead, Iraqi government authorities will have the following key challenges: - to remove constraints to nonhydrocarbon economic activities, - to ensure the effi cient use of oil revenue, and - to restrain the growth of current spending to free up resources for public investment, while maintaining essential safety nets and social support for the poor and disadvantaged. Senior policymakers at the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Planning, and line ministries have the opportunity to take concrete steps now. As economic growth prospects are favorable in the medium term, the Iraqi government needs to lay the foundations of a broadly diversified economy and to provide decent public services and security while facilitating adequate economic freedom.

Download or read book Securing Development written by Bernard Harborne and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Securing Development: Public Finance and the Security Sector highlights the role of public finance in the delivery of security and criminal justice services. This book offers a framework for analyzing public financial management, financial transparency, and oversight, as well as expenditure policy issues that determine how to most appropriately manage security and justice services. The interplay among security, justice, and public finance is still a relatively unexplored area of development. Such a perspective can help security actors provide more professional, effective, and efficient security and justice services for citizens, while also strengthening systems for accountability. The book is the result of a project undertaken jointly by staff from the World Bank and the United Nations, integrating the disciplines where each institution holds a comparative advantage and a core mandate. The primary audience includes government officials bearing both security and financial responsibilities, staff of international organizations working on public expenditure management and security sector issues, academics, and development practitioners working in an advisory capacity.

Download or read book Public Expenditure Trends written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications Center]. This book was released on 1978 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1978 report discusses trends and prospects for public expenditures and revenues.

Download or read book Republic of Iraq Public Expenditure Review written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Public Expenditure Review (PER) provides an integrated perspective on Iraq’s need to provide better public service delivery, while maintaining macroeconomic stability and fiscal discipline. The achievement of these objectives unfolds within a challenging context of revenue volatility, the need to diversify the economy, weak accountability mechanisms, and residual conflict. Reflecting these challenges, key socio-economic developmental indicators are stalled or even declining despite rapid growth in public spending. Indeed, the review shows that growth in spending has not been matched by absorptive capacity, let alone improved outcomes. The difficult task of constructing the fiscal institutions to embed the practices of good economic management remains a work-in-progress. The PER is one component of World Bank assistance to the government to improve public expenditure policy and management. The challenge for the Iraqi authorities in the years ahead will be to turn oil revenues into sustained welfare improvements. Macroeconomic stability alone is not enough to address social and economic development issues and to avoid a resource curse. Iraq’s oil wealth alone cannot generate sustainably high living standards for the majority of its population. Economic diversification is an imperative—both to create jobs and to promote income-generating opportunities for the Iraqi population. The key challenges for the authorities therefore are (i) to remove constraints to non-hydrocarbon economic activities; (ii) to ensure the efficient use of oil revenue; and (iii) to restrain the growth of current spending (in particular wage bill and subsidies) to free up resources for public investment, while maintaining essential safety nets and social support for the poor and disadvantaged. Public investment management is a crosscutting capability that is needed to meet Iraq’s development objectives. The government has the opportunity to take concrete steps now. The PER proposes approaches and actions to better use Iraq’s oil revenues by shifting to a save and invest via curbing inefficient spending and redirecting resources to public investment and basic services. As economic growth prospects are favorable in the medium-term, the Iraqi government has the opportunity to lay the foundations of a broadly diversified economy, with a reasonable footprint that provides decent public services and security while facilitating adequate economic freedom. Senior policy makers at the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Planning and line ministries are the primary audience of this work.

Download or read book Spending Review 2010 written by Great Britain. Treasury and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2009-10, public expenditure rose to 48 per cent of GDP whilst income fell to 37 per cent, resulting in the largest deficit in Britain's peacetime history. This Spending Review sets out how the Coalition Government will carry out its deficit reduction plan. Particular focus has been given to reducing welfare costs and wasteful spending. This has enabled the Coalition Government to prioritise the NHS, schools, early years' provision and the capital investments designed to support long term economic growth. Departmental budgets other than health and overseas aid will be cut by an average of 19 per cent over four years. Key areas of Annually Managed Expenditure (AME) in addition to Departmental Expenditure Limits (DELs) for each government department and for the devolved administrations are covered. The Review sets out departmental spending plans for the four years until 2014-15 and further savings and reforms to welfare, environmental levies and public service pensions. The Review protects high value transport maintenance and investment, maintains the science budget, invests in apprenticeships and the low carbon economy and allows universities to increase fees from the 2012-13 academic year. Fundamental reforms will simplify the welfare system and make net savings of �7 billion a year. Social housing will be reformed and social care will receive an additional �2 billion by 2014-15. Public service reform underpins the Review: decentralisation of power; cutting burdens and regulations on front-line staff; improving transparency, efficiency and accountability of local services. Local government will have greater freedom but must work within reduced allocations. Public sector pensions will be reformed in line with Lord Hutton's recommendations. Central government administration costs will be cut by 34 per cent by 2014-15. Government departments will produce business plans later in 2010 detailing reform plans and priorities.

Download or read book Economic Crisis Health Systems and Health in Europe written by Sarah Thomson and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 2015-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system performance by increasing people's need for health care and making access to care more difficult - a situation compounded by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal policy and social protection, the health system response is critical. This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the authors:' analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; and health service planning, purchasing and delivery 'assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health' identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of health systems facing financial pressure' explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a crisisThe book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the choices available to policy-makers - and the implications of failing to protect health and health-system performance - in the face of economic and other forms of shock.--

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Download or read book Public Expenditure Analysis written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the public sector in developing countries. Provides tools of analysis for discovering equity in tax burdens as well as in public spending and judging government performance in its role in safeguarding the interests of the poor and disadvantaged. Outlines a framework for a rights-based approach to citizen empowerment - in other words, creating an institutional design with appropriate rules, restraints, and incentives to make the public sector responsive and accountable to an average voter.

Download or read book Private Health Sector Assessment in Tanzania written by James White and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tanzania Private Health Sector Assessment provides information on the size, location and characteristics of non-state health service providers in Tanzania. It also identifies challenges and opportunities for the Government of Tanzania and International Community to leverage the potential of these providers to achieve

Download or read book Learning from Economic Downturns written by Xiaohui Hou and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book builds on the lessons of the most recent global financial crisis, especially in Europe and Central Asia and proposes a more effective role for the health sector as part of a safety net function and as a stabilizer for the population during a crisis.

Download or read book Zambia Health Sector Public Expenditure Review written by Oscar F. Picazo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book portrays the performance of the health sector in Zambia using quantitative techniques. While there have been a number of health sector assessments in the country, they have relied on qualitative and anecdotal evidence for the most part. For the first time, this pubic expenditure review of the health sector brings together the results of three separate but related analytical efforts: multi-year national health accounts, a public expenditure tracking and quality of service delivery survey, and resource and impact modeling using the Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks software. These exercises combine to yield more powerful findings on the weaknesses and prospects of the Zambian health system.

Download or read book Organization and Financing of Public Health Services in Europe written by Rechel B. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are public health services in Europe organized and financed? With European health systems facing a plethora of challenges that can be addressed through public health interventions there is renewed interest in strengthening public health services. Yet there are enormous gaps in our knowledge. How many people work in public health? How much money is spent on public health? What does it actually achieve? None of these questions can be answered easily. This volume brings together current knowledge on the organization and financing of public health services in Europe. It is based on country reports on the organization and financing of public health services in nine European countries and an in-depth analysis of the involvement of public health services in addressing three contemporary public health challenges (alcohol obesity and antimicrobial resistance). The focus is on four core dimensions of public health services: organization financing the public health workforce and quality assurance. The questions the volume seeks to answer are: o How are public health services in Europe organized? Are there good practices that can be emulated? What policy options are available? o How much is spent on public health services? Where do resources come from? And what was the impact of the economic crisis? o What do we know about the public health workforce? How can it be strengthened? o How is the quality of public health services being assured? What should quality assurance systems for public health services look like? This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It accompanies two other Observatory publications: Organization and financing of public health services in Europe: country reports and The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: the case of obesity alcohol and antimicrobial resistance.

Download or read book Public expenditure written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2010-12-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The October 2010 Spending Review has imposed tough settlements on both health and social care, and sets a highly challenging context for the delivery their services over the next four years. In both cases efficiency gains will need to be made on an unprecedented scale if care levels are to be maintained and the quality of services improved. The Committee does not agree with the Government's premise that the Spending Review settlement and the two year pay freeze will provide councils with the necessary resources to sustain current eligibility levels for social care. Councils will need to sustain further efficiency savings of up to 3.5% per annum to avoid reducing their levels of care. In this context, the Government is placing understandable emphasis on the 'extra' funding for social care, through the Personal Social Services grant and the £1bn through the NHS. However there is concern that the increases in the PSS grant will not be reflected in changes in actual spending on social care. It is also vital that the savings required by the health settlement are made by efficiency gains rather than making cuts, particularly considering the uncertain landscape of the NHS reorganisation following the White paper. Improving the interaction between health and social care will be critical if the necessary cost savings on both sides are to be realised. It is not enough for the government to exhort change in this area: there must be a formal policy infrastructure that recognises the importance of achieving a better overall interface between the two sectors

Download or read book Public Expenditure Review written by Kenya and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spending review 2010 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Treasury Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spending Review 2010 published as Cm. 7942 (ISBN 9780101794220)

Download or read book Using Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys to Monitor Projects and Small scale Programs written by Margaret Koziol and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys help identify delays in financial and in-kind transfers, leakages, and other inefficiencies in government programs. This guidebook provides a starting point for civil society and other organizations interested in taking a closer look at government spending processes, both on a small and a larger scale.

Download or read book Burundi Public Expenditure Review written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Burundi has made tremendous progress over the past few years, including: the approval of the new Constitution in 2005, emphasizing the principles of power sharing and local development; the successful management of two rounds of democratic elections in 2005 and 2010’; and the creation of stable macroeconomic environment, which encouraged rebuilding of core public sector institutions. Despite these achievements, the report notes that economic growth remains weak and GSP rates are below expectations. Burundi is therefore vulnerable to different sources of risks conspiring to create a ‘fragility trap’ into which the economy can fall. Chief amongst them are: (i) food price volatility linked to international markets and climatic conditions: (ii) oil prices that affect the import bill of the country; (iii) high level of dependency on aid inflows; (iv) low budget execution capacity, coupled with weak state effectiveness and under-performing public institutions; (v) constraints on productive activity and a highly concentrated export profile; and (vi) enduring risks of political and social instability linked to the return of refugees and its impact on land conflicts and security threats. In this context, the main objectives of this Public Expenditure Review is to assist the Government in its efforts to escape fragility by focusing on two important and complementary themes: (i) creating adequate fiscal space to reduce the impact of future shocks; and (ii) using the available fiscal space to improve public expenditure management and promote government effectiveness. Building on these topics, the report emphasizes six key messages : (i) Burundi has a narrow fiscal space given the structure of its public expenditures, composed mainly of salaries and transfers; (ii) the country should mobilize additional domestic revenues to increase its fiscal space; (iii) the role of donors in supporting effective management of public expenditures remain critical and can also be the source of additional fiscal stress, especially when budget support arrives late in a fiscal year; (iv) accessing high quality budget data remains a challenge due to major incoherencies between data from the Treasury database and data published by SIGEFI; (v) the aid management is not properly integrated into budget execution process; (vi) it is advisable to adopt realistic and pragmatic solutions to improve the performance of the public administration, while keeping the wage bill under control. "