Download or read book Guerre et concurrence entre les Etats europ ens du XIVe au XVIIIe si cle written by Philippe Contamine and published by Presses Universitaires de France - PUF. This book was released on 1998 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce volume est le résultat du travail de l'atelier I du programme international de recheches Origins of the Modern State, organisé sous l'égide de la Fondation européenne de la Science. L'objectif de ce programme, qui a regroupé pendant quatre ans une centaine de spécialistes originaires d'une vingtaine de pays différents, est d'offrir une interprétation neuve dans une perspective comparative européenne, embrassant la longue durée et réunissant des spécialistes de diverses disciplines (histoire, philosophie, histoire de l'art, sciences politiques, histoire du droit et sciences juridiques), d'un processus crucial pour l'histoire de l'Europe, à savoir les différents aspects de la formation de l'Etat du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle. Guerre et concurrence entre les Etats européens du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle expose un fait d'évidence : la guerre fut alors le plus puissant aiguillon dans la croissance du pouvoir d'Etat. Maint épisode montre à l'œuvre d'âpres courses aux armements, sur terre comme sur mer. La guerre conduisit les Etats souverains à mieux exploiter leur territoire. Ils affirmèrent être seuls en droit de la déclarer et d'y mettre fin. Pour financer leurs guerres, ils mirent au point une lourde fiscalité. Non sans mal, les gens de guerre devinrent des militaires. A maintes reprises, les Etats se persuadèrent que leurs guerres revêtaient un caractère sacré. Toutefois, au tableau de cette concurrence souvent implacable des retouches doivent être apportées : au plan des faits et des idées, des forces intervinrent afin de contenir les effets destructeurs de la guerre, le concept d'équilibre européen et de concert des nations ne fut pas étranger aux gouvernants. Les gouvernés, eux, attendirent de plus en plus de l'Etat un rôle dépassant le domaine militaire. Tout se passe comme si les Etats n'avaient été que rarement jusqu'au bout de l'exercice de leur puissance. A travers les cinq siècles envisagés, une respiration se dessine qui devait aboutir au XVIIIe siècle à l'idée que la guerre représentait une phase dépassée dans l'histoire de l'Europe.
Download or read book Joseph II written by Walter W. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been said that never has a monarch so narrowly missed "greatness" as did the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. An idealistic, sincere, and hardworking monarch whose ultilitarian bent, humanitarian instincts, and ambitious programs of reform in every area of public concern have prompted historians to term him an "enlightened despot," "revolutionary Emperor," "philosopher on a throne," and a ruler ahead of his time, Joseph has also been condemned for being insensitive to the phobias and follies of his subjects, essentially unrealistic, almost utopian, in establishing his goals, and dogmatic and overly precipitous in trying to achieve them. Efforts to analyze and explain the actions of this complex and controversial personality have involved a number of savants in investigations of "Josephinism" (or as I prefer to call it, "Josephism"), dealing in great detail with the motiva tions, substance, and influence of his innovations. The roots of Josephism run deep, but can be observed emerging here and there from the intellectual and political soil that nourished them, before joining the central trunk of the system formulated during the latter years of Maria Theresa's reign to grow to an ephemeral and stunted maturity under Joseph II.
Download or read book Secession written by Marcelo G. Kohen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-21 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive study of secession from an international law perspective.
Download or read book Progressive Taxation in Theory and Practice written by Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Empires written by P. Petitjean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SCIENCE AND EMPIRES: FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM TO THE BOOK Patrick PETITJEAN, Catherine JAMI and Anne Marie MOULIN The International Colloquium "Science and Empires - Historical Studies about Scientific De velopment and European Expansion" is the product of an International Colloquium, "Sciences and Empires - A Comparative History of Scien tific Exchanges: European Expansion and Scientific Development in Asian, African, American and Oceanian Countries". Organized by the REHSEIS group (Research on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences and Scientific Institutions) of CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), the colloquium was held from 3 to 6 April 1990 in the UNESCO building in Paris. This colloquium was an idea of Professor Roshdi Rashed who initiated this field of studies in France some years ago, and proposed "Sciences and Empires" as one of the main research programmes for the The project to organize such a colloquium was a bit REHSEIS group. of a gamble. Its subject, reflected in the title "Sciences and Empires", is not a currently-accepted sub-discipline of the history of science; rather, it refers to a set of questions which found autonomy only recently. The terminology was strongly debated by the participants and, as is frequently suggested in this book, awaits fuller clarification.
Download or read book Modern Peoplehood written by John Lie and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[A] most impressive achievement by an extraordinarily intelligent, courageous, and—that goes without saying—'well-read' mind. The scope of this work is enormous: it provides no less than a comprehensive, historically grounded theory of 'modern peoplehood,' which is Lie’s felicitous umbrella term for everything that goes under the names 'race,' 'ethnicity,' and nationality.'" Christian Joppke, American Journal of Sociology "Lie's objective is to treat a series of large topics that he sees as related but that are usually treated separately: the social construction of identities, the origins and nature of modern nationalism, the explanation of genocide, and racism. These multiple themes are for him aspects of something he calls 'modern peoplehood.' His mode of demonstration is to review all the alternative explanations for each phenomenon, and to show why each successively is inadequate. His own theses are controversial but he makes a strong case for them. This book should renew debate." Immanuel Wallerstein, Yale University and author of The Decline of American Power: The U.S. in a Chaotic World
Download or read book The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu written by Maurice Joly and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Joly's (1831-78) Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu is the major source of one of the world's most infamous and damaging forgeries, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. That, however, was concocted some two decades after he died, and American political scientist Waggoner points to Joly's own text for evidence that he was not anti-semitic and was an intransigent enemy of the kind of tyranny the forgery served during the 1930s. He translates the text and discusses Joly's intentions in writing it and his contribution to the understanding of modern politics. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book The Abb Gr goire and his World written by Jeremy D. Popkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished group of international scholars from the disciplines of history, philosophy, literature and art history offer a reconsideration of the ideas and the impact of the abbé Henri Grégoire, one of the most important figures of the French Revolution and a contributor to the campaigns for Jewish emancipation, rights for blacks, the reform of the Catholic Church and many other causes
Download or read book The Books of Nature and Scripture written by J.E. Force and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dick Popkin and James Force have attended a number of recent conferences where it was apparent that much new and important research was being done in the fields of interpreting Newton's and Spinoza's contributions as biblical scholars and of the relationship between their biblical scholarship and other aspects of their particular philosophies. This collection represents the best current research in this area. It stands alone as the only work to bring together the best current work on these topics. Its primary audience is specialised scholars of the thought of Newton and Spinoza as well as historians of the philosophical ideas of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
Download or read book News Networks in Early Modern Europe written by Joad Raymond and published by . This book was released on 2016-07 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In News Networks 35 scholars from 10 countries give a new account of the history of European news, emphasising its transnational character and the international transmission of forms and modes of news as well as information.
Download or read book The Counter revolution of Science written by Friedrich August Hayek and published by Indianapolis : Liberty Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in the last century the successes of science led a group of French thinkers to apply the principles of science to the study of society. These thinkers purported to have discovered the supposed 'laws' of society and concluded that an elite of social scientists should assume direct control of social life. The Counter-Revolution of Science is Nobel Laureate Friedrich Hayek's forceful attack on this abuse of reason.
Download or read book Uncertain Territories written by Inge E. Boer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing and theorizing the concept of the boundaries through literary works, visual objects and cultural phenomena, this book argues against the reification of boundaries as fixed and empty non-spaces that simply divide the world. Expanding on her previous work on gender and Orientalism, Inge Boer takes us into uncertain territories of fashion and art, tourism and travel, skilfully engaging the ambivalence of boundaries, as both protecting and confining, as bringing distinction while existing by virtue of their ability to be transgressed. In her close readings of that boundaries as desert, as frame, as home (or lack of it), Boer shows that boundaries are spaces within, through, and in the name of which negotiations take place. They are not lines but spaces ; neither fixed nor empty but flexible and inhabited. With the publication of this book, Boer’s intellectual legacy stretches beyond her untimely passing. The writings that she left behind can be said to have inaugurated the future of her work, presented in the latter part by several of Boer’s intellectual companions. In their original essays, the contributors elaborate on Boer’s theme of boundaries as spaces where opposition yields to negotiation. Committed to the artefact as cultural stimulant, as the embodiment of thought, their analyses span a multitude of artefacts and media, ranging from literature to photography, to art installation and presentation, to film and song. Fanning out from Boer ‘s central focus – Orientalism – to other places of contestation, boundaries are shown to mediate the relationship between self and other ; they are, ultimately, spaces of encounter.
Download or read book Top Incomes written by A. B. Atkinson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together an exciting range of new studies of top incomes in a wide range of countries from around the world. The studies use data from income tax records to cast light on the dramatic changes that have taken place at the top of the income distribution. The results cover 22 countries and have a long time span, going back to 1875.
Download or read book Cartesian Theodicy written by Z. Janowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all interpreters of Cartesian philosophy have hitherto focused on the epistemological aspect of Descartes' thought. In his Cartesian Theodicy, Janowski demonstrates that Descartes' epistemological problems are merely rearticulations of theological questions. For example, Descartes' attempt to define the role of God in man's cognitive fallibility is a reiteration of an old argument that points out the incongruity between the existence of God and evil, and his pivotal question `whence error?' is shown here to be a rephrasing of the question `whence evil?' The answer Descartes gives in the Meditations is actually a reformulation of the answer found in St. Augustine's De Libero Arbitrio and the Confessions. The influence of St. Augustine on Descartes can also be detected in the doctrine of eternal truths which, within the context of the 17th-century debates over the question of the nature of divine freedom, caused Descartes to ally himself with the Augustinian Oratorians against the Jesuits. Both in his Cartesian Theodicy as well as his Index Augustino-Cartesian, Textes et Commentaire Janowski shows that the entire Cartesian metaphysics can - and should - be read within the context of Augustinian thought.
Download or read book Socialism of Fools written by Michele Battini and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Socialism of Fools, Michele Battini focuses on the critical moment during the Enlightenment in which anti-Jewish stereotypes morphed into a sophisticated, modern social anti-Semitism. He recovers the potent anti-Jewish, anticapitalist propaganda that cemented the idea of a Jewish conspiracy in the European mind and connects it to the atrocities that characterized the Jewish experience in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Beginning in the eighteenth century, counter-Enlightenment intellectuals and intransigent Catholic writers singled out Jews for conspiring to exploit self-sustaining markets and the liberal state. These ideas spread among socialist and labor movements in the nineteenth century and intensified during the Long Depression of the 1870s. Anti-Jewish anticapitalism then migrated to the Habsburg Empire with the Christian Social Party; to Germany with the Anti-Semitic Leagues; to France with the nationalist movements; and to Italy, where Revolutionary Syndicalists made anti-Jewish anticapitalism the basis of an alliance with the nationalists. Exemplified best in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the infamous document that "leaked" Jewish plans to conquer the world, the Jewish-conspiracy myth inverts reality and creates a perverse relationship to historical and judicial truth. Isolating the intellectual roots of this phenomenon and its contemporary resonances, Battini shows us why, so many decades after the Holocaust, Jewish people continue to be a powerful political target.
Download or read book After Mass Crime written by Beatrice Pouligny (et.al) and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International interventions in the aftermath of mass violence tend to focus on justice and reconciliation processes, elections and institution-building. The frame of reference tends to be at the state level with insufficient attention paid to the transformations of belief systems and codes of conduct. This book seeks to bridge this divide by offering a trans-disciplinary analysis of the impact of mass crime on the rebuilding of social and political relations. Drawing on historical and more recent cases (including examples from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burundi, Cambodia, Indonesia, Peru, and Rwanda) the authors examine the impact of mass crimes on individuals, society at large, and the organizations involved in providing assistance in the post-conflict phase.
Download or read book Louis XIV and Europe written by Ragnhild Marie Hatton and published by Springer. This book was released on 1976-07-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
