Download or read book Growth and Biomechanics of Plant Epidermal Cells written by Aleksandra Sapała and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth and Biomechanics of Plant Epidermal Cells written by Aleksandra Sapała and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Cell Walls written by Peter Albersheim and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over 400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature. Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.
Download or read book Plant Biomechanics written by Anja Geitmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important insights into the operating principles of plants by highlighting the relationship between structure and function. It describes the quantitative determination of structural and mechanical parameters, such as the material properties of a tissue, in correlation with specific features, such as the ability of the tissue to conduct water or withstand bending forces, which will allow advanced analysis in plant biomechanics. This knowledge enables researchers to understand the developmental changes that occur in plant organs over their life span and under the influence of environmental factors. The authors provide an overview of the state of the art of plant structure and function and how they relate to the mechanical behavior of the organism, such as the ability of plants to grow against the gravity vector or to withstand the forces of wind. They also show the sophisticated strategies employed by plants to effect organ movement and morphogenesis in the absence of muscles or cellular migration. As such, this book not only appeals to scientists currently working in plant sciences and biophysics, but also inspires future generations to pursue their own research in this area.
Download or read book Mechanical Integration of Plant Cells and Plants written by Przemyslaw Wojtaszek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reactions and interactions between molecules are commonly considered the basis of life, and thus the biochemical nature of cells and organisms is relatively well recognized. Research conducted in recent years, however, increasingly indicates that physical forces profoundly affect the functioning of life at all levels of its organization. To detect and to respond to such forces, plant cells and plants need to be structured mechanically. This volume focuses on mechanical aspects of plant life. It starts with a consideration of the mechanical integration of supracellular structures and mechanical properties of cellular building blocks to show how the structural integrity of plant cells is achieved and maintained during growth and development. The following chapters reveal how the functioning of integrated plant cells contributes to the mechanical integration of plants, and how the latter are able to detect physical stimuli and to reorganize their own cells in response to them. The mechanical aspects of plant responses to stresses are also presented. Finally, all these aspects are placed in an evolutionary context.
Download or read book Plant Biomechanics written by Karl J. Niklas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-08 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author analyzes plant form and how it has evolved in response to basic physical laws. He examines the ways these laws limit the organic expression of form, size, and growth in a variety of plant structures and in plants as whole organisms, drawing on both the fossil record and studies of extant species.
Download or read book The Plant Cell Wall written by Jocelyn K. C. Rose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes, lignin, proteins, cellulose, pectin, kinase.
Download or read book Introduction to Plant Cell Development written by Jeremy Burgess and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985-05-16 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is about plant cells and the way in which their behaviour is regulated to suit the function which they fulfil in the plant. The purpose of the book is to emphasise the structural and spatial events which occur during the development of specialised plant cells. It is designed to fill the gap between descriptive anatomy books on the one hand and purely physiological books on the other. Its novelty is in its emphasis on the interaction between the structure of a plant cell and the way in which it performs its role in the plant. It is written in two parts, of four chapters each. The first part concentrates on cells as individuals, and presents a detailed account of their structure in various situations, together with descriptions of how such structures are achieved and function. The second part places these descriptions in the context of tissues, organs and whole plants.
Download or read book Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology written by Anja Geitmann and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores a collection of experimental techniques used to investigate different aspects of pollen development and function, including its role in reaching the ovule and delivering the two sperm cells. The techniques discussed range from basic methodology to cultivate pollen in vitro to the sophisticated experiments involving micromanipulation, Lab-on-Chip technology, or high-end imaging. The chapters in this book cover topics such as pollen grain counting using a cell counter; restricted pollination for tracing individual pollen tubes in a pistil; obtaining mutant pollen for phenotypic analysis and pollen tube dual-staining; analyzing intracellular gradients in pollen tubes; and measuring exocytosis rate in Arabidopsis pollen tube using corrected fluorescence recovery after photoconversion (cFRAPc) technique. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for novice and expert scientists interested in learning more about the field of plant reproduction.
Download or read book The Cytoskeletal Basis of Plant Growth and Form written by Clive W. Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors affecting the shape of plant cells have been studied since the last century and are increasingly described in molecular terms. At the cellular level it is now known that shape is controlled by interactions between the cytoskeleton and the cell wall. This book concentrates on the nature of this relationship and its place in the developmental program. Chapters are relatively short and summarize progress over the last decade brought about by advances in cellular and molecular techniques. The contents are organized from molecular, through cellular, to developmental aspects which are grouped according to major themes such as "Molecules of the Cytoskeleton", "Directional Cell Expansion" and "The Cytoskeleton in Development". Each section opens with an editorial overview. The comprehensive nature of the book helps make it an indispensable reference for researchers and advanced students in plant cell and molecular biology. Key Features * Updates Lloyd's previous book on plant cytoskeletons * Consists of short, up-to-date contributions, divided into sections which are linked by special pieces written by the editor * The sections cover: * Cytoskeleton molecules * The cell wall * Cell expansion * Cell division * The role of the cytoskeleton in plant development
Download or read book Mechanisms in Plant Development written by Ottoline Leyser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for undergraduate and graduate courses in plant development, this book explains how the cells of a plant acquire and maintain their specific fates. Plant development is a continuous process occurring throughout the life cycle, with similar regulatory mechanisms acting at different stages and in different parts of the plant. Rather than focussing on the life cycle, the book is structured around these underlying mechanisms, using case studies to provide students with a framework to understand the many factors, both environmental and endogenous, that combine to regulate development and generate the enormous diversity of plant forms. New approach to the study of plant development and a refreshing look at this fast-moving area. Authors focus their discussion on the basic mechanisms which underpin plant development, tackling the fundamental question of how a single cell becomes a complex flowering plant from a cellular perspective. An up-to-date, modern text in plant development for advanced level undergraduates and postgraduates in plant science. Thought-provoking treatment of a difficult subject, the text will satisfy the needs of advanced level undergraduates and postgraduates in plant science. Experimental case studies throughout. The artwork from the book is available at www.blackwellpublishing.com/leyser
Download or read book Plant Development written by R. F. Lyndon and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1990 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physical Biology of Plant Cell Walls written by Reginald Dawson Preston and published by Chapman & Hall. This book was released on 1974 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intra-atomic and intramolecular bonding and molecular models. The chemical components. Structure determination - optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction. Eletron microscopy. General principles of wall architecture. Detailed structure - cellulosic algae. Non-cellulosic algae. Flowering plants; secondary walls. Viscoelastic properties of secondary cell walls. Wall extension and cell growth. Wall biosynthesis.
Download or read book Plant Biomechanics written by Karl J. Niklas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author analyzes plant form and how it has evolved in response to basic physical laws. He examines the ways these laws limit the organic expression of form, size, and growth in a variety of plant structures and in plants as whole organisms, drawing on both the fossil record and studies of extant species.
Download or read book Mechanics of Cell Growth and Tissue Architecture in Plants written by Amirhossein Jafari Bidhendi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant development entails cell division, cell growth and shaping, and the differentiation of meristematic cells into highly specialized cell types. Differentiation and cell shape are closely linked and involve the regulation of the mechanical properties of the cell wall. The mechanisms leading to the generation of the diverse array of shapes and functionalities found in plant tissues are perplexing and poorly understood. In my Ph.D. research, I investigated the mechanical principles underlying the formation of wavy leaf pavement cells. Further, I studied the putative mechanical advantage that emerges from the interlocking patterns. Epidermal pavement cells consist of two parallel periclinal walls connected by vertical anticlinal walls. At the borders, wavy pavement cells make interlocking indentations and protrusions. 3D confocal micrographs of cotyledons stained with cellulose-specific fluorophores revealed a significant accumulation of cellulose at the sites of indentation on the periclinal walls extending down the anticlinal walls. Staining the cotyledon samples with COS488 also suggested a higher abundance of de-esterified pectin at these sites. I developed finite element models of the cell wall deformation and simulated the biochemical inhomogeneities by assigning alternately stiffened regions across and along the periclinal walls on two sides of an anticlinal wall. It was observed that the non-deforming stiffened regions develop into sites of indentations when the internal pressure stretches the cell wall. The model also suggested higher stresses to associate with the neck regions. The model results indicate that a positive feedback loop between stress and cell wall stiffness could generate wavy shapes starting from infinitesimally small differences in cell wall stiffness or stress. Further, the model suggests that stochastic buckling events can initiate the cell shaping process. It has been long hypothesized that the interlocking pattern of pavement cells improves cell-cell adhesion and thus the tensile strength of the epidermis. Stretching to rupture the leaf samples of wild-type Arabidopsis or any1 mutant with reduced cell waviness did not show any cell detachment upon failure. However, I hypothesized the undulating cell borders could enhance the resistance of the epidermis against the propagation of damage. I observed a considerable anisotropy in the tear behavior of onion epidermis parallel and perpendicular to the cells' main axis. Tears along the cell lines propagated without much resistance resulting in brittle failure of the tissue. This was observed to originate from tears propagating by cell detachment. Perpendicular to the cells' main axis, tears had considerable difficulty in propagating. Fracturing the leaf samples with wavy epidermal cells, I noticed the cracks propagated in both the cell borders and the cell wall intermittently. I hypothesized that this pattern of fracture in the epidermis with wavy cells indicates an increase in the fracture toughness. To untangle the influence of material anisotropy from the cell geometry on fracture toughness, I designed macroscopic physical models of the epidermis by laser engraving the cell patterns on polymethylmethacrylate. This way, the isotropic material would allow studying only the effect of cell geometry. While fracturing the control specimens with no engraving and the specimens with longitudinally placed cells demonstrated a brittle fracture, fractures transverse to cell lines in the onion cell patterns or across the Arabidopsis cotyledon wavy cell pattern showed an increased fracture toughness. I suggest the wavy shape of pavement cells in the epidermis results from the alternate placement of stiffer regions in the cell wall, a process that can initiate from a stochastic stress anisotropy due to buckling. Further, these shapes increase the fracture toughness of the plant epidermis protecting it against the spread of damage; an ingenious defense mechanism at the most exposed surfaces.
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews Biology of the Plant Cuticle written by Markus Riederer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 23 A much clearer picture is now emerging of the fine structure of the plant cuticle and its surface, the composition of cuticular waxes and the biosynthetic pathways leading to them. Studies assessing the impact of UV radiation on plant life have emphasized the role of the cuticle and underlying epidermis as optical filters for solar radiation. The field concerned with the diffusive transport of lipophilic organic non-electrolytes across the plant cuticle has reached a state of maturity. A new paradigm has recently been proposed for the diffusion of polar compounds and water across the cuticle. In the context of plant ecophysiology, cuticular transpiration can now be placed in the perspective of whole-leaf water relations. New and unexpected roles have been assigned to the cuticle in plant development and pollen-stigma interactions. Finally, much progress has been made in understanding the cuticle as a specific and extraordinary substrate for the interactions of the plant with microorganisms, fungi and insects. This volume details the major developments of recent years in this important interdisciplinary area. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecology, phytopathology and environmental microbiology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.
Download or read book Soft Matter in Plants written by Kaare Jensen and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants offer some of the most elegant applications of soft matter principles in Nature. Understanding the interplay between chemistry, physics, biology, and fluid mechanics is critical to forecast plant behaviour, which is necessary for agriculture and disease management. It also provides inspiration for novel engineering applications. Starting with fundamental concepts around plant biology, physics of soft matter and viscous fluids, readers of this book will be given a cross-disciplinary and expert grounding to the field. The book covers local scale aspects, such as cell and tissue mechanics, to regional scale matters covering movement, tropism, roots, through to global scale topics around fluid transport. Focussed chapters on water stress, networks, and biomimetics provide the user with a concise and complete introduction. Edited by internationally recognised leading experts in this field with contributions from key investigators worldwide, this book is the first introduction to the subject matter and will be suitable for both physical and life science readers.
