Download or read book When I m 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Download or read book The Social Psychology of Stereotyping and Group Life written by Russell Spears and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1997-01-23 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotyping - the process of perceiving and reacting to people in terms of their group membership - is a widespread phenomenon, and one of the most widely investigated topics in social psychology. This new book is about the causes and consequences of stereotyping. It begins from the premise that, in order to understand the nature and function of stereotyping, it is essential to understand its role in, and relationship to, the activities of social groups. In so doing, it provides an alternative to more cognitive approaches that regard stereotyping primarily as a bias produced by the limits of individual information processing. The contributors debate and challenge a range of traditional beliefs about stereotyping by exploring its social functions in intergroup contexts. They also tackle a range of thorny problems in sterotyping and related literatures: including the question of sterotype accuracy, why stereotypes develop and are widely shared, and how stereotypes and sterotyping impact upon people's self-esteem and self-definition. In short, this book examines how stereotypes are structured by social identities and the relations between groups.
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice Stereotyping and Discrimination written by John F Dovidio and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination provides comprehensive coverage on the state of research, critical analysis and promising avenues for further study on prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination. Each chapter presents in-depth reviews of specific topics, describing the current state of knowledge and identifying the most productive new directions for future research. Representing both traditional and emerging perspectives, this multi-disiplinary and truly international volume will serve as a seminal resource for students and scholars.
Download or read book Intersubjective Consensus of Group Stereotypes in Self stereotyping written by Yung-Jui Yang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The psychological process of stereotyping Content forming internalizing mechanisms effects and interventions written by Baoshan Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotype is a pervasive and persistent human tendency that stems from a basic cognitive need to categorize, simplify, and process the complex world. This tendency is a precondition for social bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Previous research has mainly focused on the content, psychological mechanisms, and intervention strategies of negative stereotypes, as well as the stereotype threat phenomenon induced by an evaluative context where a negative in-group stereotype could be confirmed. However, there is a lack of research examining the psychological process of forming and internalizing social stereotypes, the neurocognitive mechanisms of stereotypes, and the interventions (including potential neurocognitive interventions) addressing the consequences of negative stereotypes. Furthermore, as per the Behavioral Immune System (BIS) theory, the very presence of a pathogen is likely to increase stereotyping across various social categories, especially in those with a heightened perception of vulnerability to disease. Thus, stereotypes can be enhanced in the context of pathogen exposure such as the current outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. People exposed to the virus are more likely to suffer from personal and institutional stereotypes and discrimination, which may cause negative consequences to personal and social well-being. Therefore, in the current context of global Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to investigate the increasing biases (driven by stereotypes) regarding viewing pathogens as a threat, which holds across different social categories. Specifically, what constitutes and shapes stereotypes towards people living in epidemic areas? What are the consequences of these short-term shaped stereotypes? What is the relationship between the consequences of these stereotypes and traditional stereotypes (i.e., stereotypes towards race, gender, and age)? Will these short-term stereotypes interact with traditional stereotypes to exacerbate discrimination, or will the recategorization based on the short-term stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic allow people to ignore the traditional inferior social identity, and in turn to promote social integration among different groups? And how can we prevent the increasing tendency of relying on stereotypes, and instead, increase pro-social behaviors in the Covid-19 context? The current Research Topic focuses on understanding the psychological process of forming and internalizing social stereotypes, the neurocognitive mechanisms of stereotypes, as well as interventions (including potential neurocognitive interventions) regarding the consequences of negative stereotypes. And we also aim to gather the latest research investigating the broad psychological process of social stereotyping, with an emphasis on the implications under the Covid-19 context. That is, this Research Topic is also interested in the negative stereotypes specific to Covid-19 pandemic as well as relevant preventative interventions aimed at people perceived as at higher Covid-19 exposure risk. Theoretical and empirical research from psychology, sociology and related fields is welcome. Examples of possible themes for manuscripts include but are not limited to the following topics: • The content of stereotypes; • Social categorization and discrimination based on stereotypes; • Traditional stereotypes and their consequences; • The psychological process of social stereotype formation and internalization; • The mechanisms (including neurocognitive mechanisms) of stereotypes and its consequences; • The stereotype-neutralizing interventions (including neurocognitive intervention) strategies towards negative stereotypes; • The psychological process of stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic; • The social group categorization and social cohesion during Covid-19 pandemic; • The interactions between traditional stereotypes towards social groups seen as inferior in the dominant culture and the short-term stereotypes during Covid-19 pandemic; • The strategies of tackling stereotypes in Covid-19 pandemic.
Download or read book Group Stereotypes and the Self written by Cate D. Siegel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined how ingroup status affects the tendency for people to internalize ingroup stereotypes (i.e. self-stereotype) when expecting to interact with another individual who holds stereotypic views of them.
Download or read book Stereotypes and Stereotyping written by C. Neil Macrae and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1996-03-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a broad overview that defines stereotypes, the book addresses how they are formed and developed in chapters that cover the social psychology of stereotypes, the impact of physical appearance on their formation, and methods of assessing their accuracy. Internationally renowned authors consider the function and use of stereotypes, exploring their complex interrelationship with linguistic biases, prejudice and discrimination, and intergroup and interpersonal perception. Chapters then discuss how stereotypes can be undermined, detailing social psychological interventions to improve intergroup relations and examining ways that individual targets of stereotyping might motivate others to change. A concluding chapter takes a historical view of stereotype research, tracing the evolution of the field and evaluating current theories and methodologies
Download or read book Stigma and Group Inequality written by Shana Levin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a snapshot of the latest theoretical and empirical work on social psychological approaches to stigma and group inequality. It focuses on the perspective of the stigmatized groups and discusses the effects of the stigma on the individual, the interacting partners, the groups to which they belong, and the relations between the groups. Broken into three major sections, Stigma and Group Inequality: *discusses the tradeoffs that stigmatized individuals must contend with as they weigh the benefits derived from a particular response to stigma against the costs associated with it; *explores the ways in which environments can threaten one's intellectual performance, sense of belonging, and self concept; and *argues that the experience of possessing a stigmatized identity is shaped by social interactions with others in the stigmatized group as well as members of other groups. Stigma and Group Inequality is a valuable resource for students and scholars in the fields of psychology, sociology, social work, anthropology, communication, public policy, and political science, particularly for courses on stigma, prejudice, and intergroup relations. The book is also accessible to teachers, administrators, community leaders, and concerned citizens who are trying to understand and improve the plight of stigmatized individuals in school, at work, at home, in the community, and in society at large.
Download or read book Affect Cognition and Stereotyping written by Diane M. Mackie and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a collection of chapters exploring the interface of cognitive and affective processes in stereotyping. Stereotypes and prejudice have long been topics of interest in social psychology, but early literature and research in this area focused on affect alone, while later studies focused primarily on cognitive factors associated with information processing strategies. This volume integrates the roles of both affect and cognition with regard to the formation, representation, and modification of stereotypes and the implications of these processes for the escalation or amelioration of intergroup tensions. Reviewed Development, maintenance, and change of stereotypes and prejudice Interaction of affective and cognitive processes as antecendents of stereotyping and prejudice Affect and cognitive consequences of group categorization, preception, and interaction The interaction of cognitive and affective processes in social perception Award Winning Chapter "The Esses et al", was the 1992 winner of the Otto Klineberg award given by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, which cited the chapter as having offered, "a substantial advance in our understanding of basic psychological processes, underlying racism, stereotyping, and prejudice."
Download or read book Standards and Expectancies written by Monica Biernat and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how standards and expectancies affect judgments of others and the self. Standards are points of comparison, expectancies are beliefs about the future, and both serve as frames of reference against which current events and people (including the self) are experienced. The central theme of the book is that judgments can be characterized as either assimilative or contrastive in nature. Assimilation occurs when the target of evaluation (another person, the self) is pulled toward or judged consistently with the standard or expectation, and contrast occurs when the target is differentiated from (judged in a direction opposite) the comparative frame. The book considers factors that determine whether assimilation versus contrast occurs, and focuses on the roles of contextual cues, the self, and stereotypes as standards for judging others, and the roles of internalized guides, stereotypes, and other people for judging the self.
Download or read book The Psychology of Prejudice written by Mark P. Zanna and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of expanded and updated versions of papers presented at the Seventh Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology. The series is designed to bring together scholars from across North America who work in the same substantive area, with the goals of identifying common concerns and integrating research findings. The topic of this symposium was the psychology of prejudice and the presentations covered a wide variety of issues. The papers present state-of-the-art research programs addressing prejudice from the point of view of both the bigoted person as well as the victim of bigotry. The chapter authors confront this issue from two major -- and previously separate -- research traditions: the psychology of attitude and intergroup conflict. The chapters are organized in the following sequence of topics: the determinants and consequences of stereotypes, individual differences in prejudicial attitudes, intergroup relations, the responses of victims to prejudice and discrimination, and an integrative summary/commentary. Illustrating both the diversity and vitality of research on the psychology of prejudice, the editors hope that this volume will stimulate further research and theorizing in this area.
Download or read book Stereotype Accuracy written by Yueh-Ting Lee and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1995 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative book challenges conventional thinking that stereotypes are always inaccurate, exaggerated, and generally destructive by daring to look at stereotyping empirically. The chapters provide insights into how stereotyping may help us manage information without necessarily being destructive. They also unearth the complex cognitive and attitudinal processes that underlie stereotyping, so we may harness these processes to better understand group differences and to promote greater respect for those we see as different from ourselves.
Download or read book Stereotypes as Explanations written by Craig McGarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotyping is one of the biggest single issues in social psychology, but relatively little is known about how and why stereotypes form. This is the first book to explore the process of stereotype formation, the way that people develop impressions and views of social groups. Conventional approaches to stereotyping assume that stereotypes are based on erroneous and distorted processes, but the authors of this book take a very different view, namely that stereotypes form in order to explain aspects of social groups and in particular to explain relationships between groups.
Download or read book Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology written by Rupert Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will provide an authoritative, state of the art overview of the field of intergroup processes. The volume is divided into nine major sections on cognition, motivation, emotion, communication and social influence, changing intergroup relations, social comparison, self-identity, methods and applications. Provides an authoritative, state of the art overview of the field of intergroup processes. Divided into nine major sections on cognition, motivation, emotion, communication and social influence, changing intergroup relations, social comparison, self-identity, methods and applications. Written by leading researchers in the field. Referenced throughout and include post-chapter annotated bibliographies so readers can access original research articles in order to further their study. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com
Download or read book The Social Self written by Joseph P. Forgas and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the nature of the 'self', how do everyday experiences shape it, and how does it influence our thinking, judgements and behaviors? Such questions constitute enduring puzzles in psychology, and are also of critical practical importance for applied domains such as clinical, counseling, educational and organizational psychology. In this book a select group of eminent international researchers survey the most recent advances in research of the self. In particular, they discuss the influence of cognitive and intra-psychic processes (Part 1), interpersonal and relational variables (Part 2), and inter-group phenomena on the self (Part 3).
Download or read book Social Perception and Social Reality written by Lee Jussim and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Perception and Social Reality contests the received wisdom in the field of social psychology that suggests that social perception and judgment are generally flawed, biased, and powerfully self-fulfilling. Jussim reviews a wealth of real world, survey, and experimental data collected over the last century to show that in fact, social psychological research consistently demonstrates that biases and self-fulfilling prophecies are generally weak, fragile, and fleeting. Furthermore, research in the social sciences has shown stereotypes to be accurate. Jussim overturns the received wisdom concerning social perception in several ways. He critically reviews studies that are highly cited darlings of the bias conclusion and shows how these studies demonstrate far more accuracy than bias, or are not replicable in subsequent research. Studies of equal or higher quality, which have been replicated consistently, are shown to demonstrate high accuracy, low bias, or both. The book is peppered with discussions suggesting that theoretical and political blinders have led to an odd state of affairs in which the flawed or misinterpreted bias studies receive a great deal of attention, while stronger and more replicable accuracy studies receive relatively little attention. In addition, the author presents both personal and real world examples (such as stock market prices, sporting events, and political elections) that routinely undermine heavy-handed emphases on error and bias, but are generally indicative of high levels of rationality and accuracy. He fully embraces scientific data, even when that data yields unpopular conclusions or contests prevailing conventions or the received wisdom in psychology, in other social sciences, and in broader society.
Download or read book Whistling Vivaldi written by Claude Steele and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of what the author calls identity contingencies in the lives of individuals and in society as a whole, focusing on stereotype threat, arguing that people who believe they may be judged based on a bad stereotype do not perform as well, and showing how to overcome the problem.
