Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV Mission Number K14 22 December 1994 at Cape Canaveral Air Station written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of launch cloud imagery and ground-level HCl measurements performed at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) during the launch of a Titan IV vehicle from Complex 40 on 22 December 1994 are presented. Meteorological data measured at numerous CCAS locations prior to launch and during dispersion of the launch cloud are also presented. Such data will be used to determine how accurately atmospheric dispersion models such as the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM) can predict toxic hazard corridors during launches of Titan and other vehicles at the ranges. A wind from the northwest rapidly blew the launch cloud out to sea. This wind prevented the deployment of sensors for far-field (8-40 mi.), downwind HCl monitoring. HCl detectors and dosimeters were thus deployed at selected near-field locations. The responses obtained with these sensors are consistent with the launch cloud's trajectory. REEDM predicted a maximum ground-level HCl concentration 10.5 mi. downwind from Complex 40. No HCl sensors were present at far-field, offshore locations to determine the accuracy of this prediction. Future HCl monitoring efforts will emphasize far-field measurements. (AN).

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV Mission Number K19 10 July 1995 at Cape Canaveral Air Station written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume imagery and ground-level HCI measurement results and meteorological data determined during the launch of a Titan IV vehicle at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) on 10 July 1995 (mission #K19) are presented. These data will be used to determine the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM). The imagery data, recorded from three camera sites, show that the ground cloud blew out to sea with a northeasterly trajectory (2220) consistent with T-I hour rawinsonde data (215-218%). For this 8:38 EDT (12:38 Zulu time) morning launch, visible and infrared imagers viewed the launch plume against the rising sun. The infrared imagery results were found to be superior to the visible imagery results during most of the #K19 plume tracking since parts of the visible imagery were saturated with scattered sunlight. The imagery data show that the stabilization height of the ground cloud (1850 m) was twice that predicted by REEDM, as was found for the Titan IV #K23 launch. Ground-level HCI measurements made by dosimeters placed on the pad's lightning towers and perimeter fence, as well as along Phillips Parkway, also show that the ground-cloud moved to the northeast.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV Mission Number K16 24 April 1996 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Volume 2 Further Analysis of Quantitative Imagery and of Aircraft HCl Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A previous report presented an overview and data summary for ground cloud dispersion measurements during the Titan IV mission #K16 launch from CCAFS on 24 April 1996. That report documented the instrumentation, methods of analysis, and preliminary results for the program. The preliminary results included the following: (1) the imagery-derived cloud speed, direction, and position for the first 6 min after launch; (2) summary plots of the aircraft-derived HCl data for the first 88 min after launch; and (3) comparison of imagery-derived, aircraft-derived, rawinsonde-derived data to REEDM version 7.07 predictions. This second report provides a detailed comparison of the imagery-derived extent of the ground cloud to simultaneous aircraft sampling data. The combined data provides a three-dimensional perspective of the exhaust cloud during the first 6 min after launch. In addition, this report includes a more detailed graphing and analysis of the aircraft's HCl measurements. The #K16 imagery and aircraft data documented substantial differences between measured and T-0.7 h REEDM version 7.07 predictions. According to the quantitative visible imagery from UCS-7 and Press sites, the cloud took 3.5 min to stabilize (20% faster than predicted), stabilized at 1023 m in altitude (35% higher than predicted), moved in a south-southwesterly direction (versus the east-southeasterly prediction), and moved at an average speed of 3.6 m/s (38% slower than predicted). Comparison of the aircraft's HCl measurements to the visible extent of the cloud revealed consistent edge detection by both methods. The aircraft's HCl measurements also confirmed the imagery-derived bearing for the lower lobe of the ground cloud and were consistent with the observed high-altitude wind shear to the east.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission Number K16 24 April 1996 at Cape Canaveral Air Station Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume imagery and aircraft measurement of HCl were accomplished during the launch of Titan IV Mission #K16 at Cape Canaveral Air Station on 24 April 1996. These data will be used to determine the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model. The imagery, recorded at three camera sites, showed a cloud stabilization height of 1023 m above MSL (35% higher than predicted); the height was reached 3.5 min after launch (20% faster than predicted). The cloud had a south-southwesterly trajectory (compared to an east-southeasterly prediction) and an average speed of 3.6 m/s (38% slower than predicted). The imagery documented a large displacement between the upper and lower portions of the ground cloud due to variations in wind speed and direction with altitude. Aircraft measurements, using a modified Geomet instrument in a Piper Seminole aircraft, documented the movement of the lower cloud immediately after launch, the mixing of HCl to altitudes as low as ground level, and the movement of the upper cloud portion first to the southeast and then to the east. The sampling aircraft entered the plume about 3.5 min after launch, made 36 passes, and measured HCI concentrations ranging from 2 to 21 parts per million.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission Number K2 3 July 1996 at Cape Canaveral Air Station Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume imagery and ground HCl measurements were accomplished during the launch of Titan IV Mission #K2 at Cape Canaveral Air Station on 3 July 1996. These data will be used to improve the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model. The imagery from three sites (integrated IR and visible imagers at each) showed a cloud stabilization height of 1871 m (72% higher than predicted), reached in 10-14 min (4% to 46% longer than predicted). The cloud trajectory was east-northeasterly, similar to prediction, and the 6.2 m/s speed was 44% faster than predicted. Aircraft HCl measurements were not taken for this launch. Ground dosimeters around the launch pad measured dosages as high as 378 ppm min.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission K24 23 February 1997 at Cape Canaveral Air Station Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume visible and infrared imagery were accomplished during the launch of Titan IV Mission #K24 at Cape Canaveral Air Station on 23 February 1997. These data will be used to improve the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM). The imagery from four sites measured a cloud stabilization height of 803 m AGL compared to a REEDM-predicted stabilization height at 920 m AGL. This height was reached in 2.75 to 3.75 min compared to a REEDM prediction of 3.89 min. The imagery-derived cloud trajectory was 76 deg compared to the 300 deg trajectory predicted by REEDM. Measurements of aerial and ground-level concentrations of hydrogen chloride (HCl) were not taken during this launch.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission K22 12 May 1996 at Vandenberg Air Force Base Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch vehicles that employ solid propellant rocket motors release exhaust ground clouds containing large quantities of hydrogen chloride (HCI) into the launch areas at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) and Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). Large quantities of hazardous liquid fuels and oxidizers could also be released as a result of propellant transfer accidents or launch vehicle failures. The Air Force uses atmospheric dispersion models to predict the downwind diffusion and concentration of toxic launch clouds. There exists a strong need to collect launch cloud data that can be used to test and validate the performance of these dispersion models. The Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center's Launch Programs Office (SMCICL) is sponsoring the Atmospheric Dispersion Model Validation Program (MVP). This program is collecting launch cloud dispersion data that will be used to determine the accuracy of atmospheric dispersion models, such as REEDM, in predicting toxic hazard corridors at the launch ranges. This report presents launch cloud dispersion and meteorological measurements performed during the #K22 Titan IV launch at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 12 May 1996.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV A 17 Mission 7 November 1997 at Cape Canaveral Air Station written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents plume imagery documenting the development and dispersion of the Titan IV A-17 launch ground cloud at Cape Canaveral Air Station on November 1997 at 2105 EST. Also presented are pertinent meteorological data taken from towers, Doppler radars, and rawinsonde balloons, IR cameras were used at four locations around the launch site to track the trajectory and time evolution of the exhaust ground cloud for 7.5 min following launch. Meteorological data were collected to improve understanding of cloud dispersion and to use as input during model simulations and evaluations. Rawinsonde balloon data, 915 MHz Doppler radar data, and meteorological tower data were collected and archived. These data and similar data from other launches will be used to determine the accuracy of atmospheric dispersion models such as the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM) in predicting toxic hazard corridors (THCs) at the USAF Eastern and Western Ranges. Analysis of imagery data from the first 9.5 min following launch yielded information on cloud rise and dispersion. The imagery showed that the middle of the launch cloud stabilized at an altitude of 1192 m AGL by 4.25 min after launch. REEDM 7.08 predicted that the middle of the launch cloud would stabilize at 947 m AGL at 4.65 min after launch. The middle of the actual launch cloud therefore stabilized 26% higher than predicted by REEDM 7.08. Analysis of the imagery also showed that the rising cloud had an air entrainment coefficient (ratio of increase in diameter to increase in altitude) of 0.33 (REEDM 7.08 default value is 0.64). The initial cloud radius extrapolated from the imagery was 168 m. (REEDM 7.08 default value is 72 m). REEDM 7.08 predictions for bearing, speed, and stabilization height were closer to the observed values when REEDM was initialized with the imagery-derived for the initial radius and the entrainment coefficient rather than with the default values.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission B33 15 October 1997 at Cape Canaveral Air Station written by Aerospace corp el segundo ca technology operations and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents plume imagery documenting the development and dispersion of the Titan IV #B33 launch ground cloud at Cape Canaveral Air Station on 15 October 1997 at 0443 EDT. Also presented are pertinent meteorological data taken from towers, Doppler radars, and rawinsonde balloons. IR cameras were used at four locations around the launch site to track the trajectory and time evolution of the exhaust ground cloud for 1.5-2.5 min following launch. Meteorological data were collected to improve understanding of cloud dispersion and to use as input during model simulations and evaluations. Rawinsonde balloon data, 915 MHz Doppler radar data, and meteorological tower data were collected and archived. These data and similar data from other launches will be used to determine the accuracy of atmospheric dispersion models such as the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM) in predicting toxic hazard corridors (THCs) at the USAF Eastern and Western Ranges. Reduction of available imagery data yielded limited information on cloud rise and dispersion. The imagery showed that the bottom edge of the launch cloud rose above the altitude of the bottom of the atmospheric clouds (514 m AGL) within 2.3 min after launch. REEDM 7.08 predicted that the bottom edge of the launch cloud would stabilize at 480 m AGL. The bottom of the actual launch cloud therefore rose at least 7% higher than predicted by REEDM 7.08. Analysis of the imagery also showed that the rising cloud had an air entrainment coefficient (ratio of increase in diameter to increase in altitude) of 0.39. This is significantly smaller than the default air entrainment coefficient of 0.64 that is used in REEDM 7.08.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV Mission K23 14 May 1995 at Cape Canaveral Air Station Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume imagery, airborne and ground-level HCl measurement results and meteorological data determined during the launch of a Titan IV vehicle at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) on 14 May 1995 (mission #K23) are presented. These data will be used to determine the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM). The imagery and aircraft-based HCl measurements indicate that the plume separated into ground-cloud and launch-column segments below and above 2000 meters, respectively, that took northeast and southeast trajectories out to sea consistent with rawinsonde data. The ground cloud's stabilization height was twice that predicted by REEDM. Of numerous deployed dosimeters, large HCl responses (greater than or equal 100 ppm-min) were obtained only for dosimeters on four lightning towers surrounding the pad and at a southeasterly position on the perimeter fence 180 meters away. REEDM predicted that a low-level inversion layer would prevent the cloud from diffusing back to ground. Aircraft HCl measurements briefly performed at altitudes as low as 400 meters 50 min after launch and 16 km from the pad detected only low levels (0.1-0.5 ppm) of HCl.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission K21 6 November 1995 at Cape Canaveral Air Station written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch cloud imagery, ground-level HCl measurements, and meteorological data recorded during the 00:15 EST launch of a Titan IV vehicle at Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) on 6 November 1995 (mission #K21) are presented. These data will be used to determine how accurately the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM) can predict toxic hazard launch corridors. Infrared imagery showed that the ground cloud stabilized at a height of 1375 m at T + 4 to 5 min. REEDM predicted a stabilization height of 1131 m and a T + 7.7 minute stabilization time based on T - 0.7 hour rawinsonde data. The stabilization height predicted by REEDM is in closer agreement with the value determined by imagery for this launch than for launches #K19 and #K23 where the ground clouds were found to stabilize at heights twice those predicted by REEDM. The imagery data show that the ground cloud rose and spread with minimal east/west transport for the first 10 min following launch. Ground-level HCl measurements made by dosimeters placed on the pad's lightning towers and perimeter fence show that the majority of the ground-level HCl moved northwest and south-southwest of the launch pad, consistent with the imagery data.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission K13 20 December 1996 at Vandenberg Air Force Base Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume visible and infrared imagery were accomplished during the launch of Titan IV Mission #K13 at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 20 December 1996. These data will be used to improve the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM). The imagery from three sites measured a cloud stabilization height of 828 m AGL compared to a REEDM-predicted stabilization height at 753 m AGL. This height was reached in 4 to 7 min compared to a REEDM prediction of 3.67 min. The imagery-derived cloud trajectory was 296 deg compared to the 332 deg trajectory predicted by REEDM. Measurements of aerial and ground-level concentrations of hydrogen chloride (HCl) were not taken during this launch.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission Number K15 5 December 1995 at Vandenberg Air Force Base Volume 1 Test Overview and Data Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch plume imagery, airborne and ground-level HCl measurement results, and meteorological data measured during the launch of a Titan IV vehicle at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 5 December 1995 (mission K-15) are presented. These data is used to determine the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM). The imagery showed the separation into ground cloud and launch column segments, with the ground cloud stabilization height occurring 28% higher than predicted by REEDM. It also moved in a direction 24 deg more clockwise than predicted by REEDM, and 21% faster, but in good agreement with that calculated for the rawinsonde T-15 minute data. Of 34 dosimeters placed along the projected plume path, all but three provided usable data, ranging from 13 to 340 ppm min dosages. Aircraft data during cloud fly throughs were obtained using both the Geomet and Spectral Science instruments.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During The Titan IV Mission K15 5 December 1995 at Vandenberg Air Force Base Volume 2 Further Analysis of Quantitative Imagery and of Aircraft HCl Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atmospheric dispersion Model Validation Program (MVP) collects and distributes launch cloud dispersion and transport data for the launch community. A previous report provided an overview and data summary for launch cloud measurements associated with the Titan IV Mission #K15 launch (5 December 1993). This report presents a more detailed analysis, both for the aircraft HCl measurements and for the quantitative imagery. This analysis includes a comparison, at one-min resolution, of the aircraft's HCl sampling data with the results of simultaneous quantitative imagery. The combined data provide a three-dimensional perspective of the solid rocket motor exhaust cloud for the first 11 min after launch. In addition, this report provides a detailed graphical plotting of the aircraft's HCl measurements and maps the HCl concentrations both in time and in space. Comparisons reveal that both REEDM version 7.07 and version 7.08 predict lower-than-measured HCl concentrations at the predicted stabilization height. These aircraft data document fragmentation of the cloud into separate parcels and slower-than-expected dispersion of these portions of the ground cloud. The imagery data documented the rise and stabilization of the cloud during the first 11 min after launch. These data are useful for quantifying the accuracy of the Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model (REEDM) as it is tuned for better agreement with measured cloud characteristics.

Download or read book Ground Cloud Dispersion Measurements During the Titan IV Mission A 18 23 October 1997 at Vandenberg Air Force Base written by Space and missile systems center el segundo ca and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents plume imagery documenting the development and dispersion of the Titan IV A-18 launch ground cloud at Vandenberg AFB at 1932 PDT on 23 October 1997. Also presented are pertinent meteorological data from towers, Doppler radar, and rawinsonde balloons. IR cameras at three locations tracked the trajectory of the launch cloud for 1.25 to 4.5 min after launch. Meteorological data were collected to improve understanding of cloud dispersion and provide inputs during model simulations/evaluations. These data and similar data on other Titan IV launches will be used to determine the accuracy of atmospheric dispersion models such as REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) in predicting toxic hazard corridors at the USAF Ranges. Imagery showed that the bottom edge of the launch cloud stabilized at 197m AGL by 3.5 min after launch, versus a predicted 250m AGL. The air entrainment coefficient was 0.39, smaller than the 0.64 default used in REEDM. Two HCl detectors were placed on a ridge at 170 deg azimuth from the pad, in an early predicted path of the cloud. However, the REEDM predicted a track to the east, which was realized. It therefore did not pass over the detectors, and no HCl was detected.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reduced Flexibility in Processing Titan IV Space Launch Vehicles at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station written by Michael G. Woolley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent past DOD has made decisions which reduced the flexibility in processing Titan expendable launch vehicles. This study explores the history of those decisions and their effects. It identifies the throughput capacities of Titan IV Processing facilities. It evaluates the Cape's ability to meet the Titan IV Mission Model. The study concludes that the mission model can not be achieved by 'doing business as usual.' Changes must be made to the work schedules (double shifts, extended work weeks, etc.) and more technicians are required. The study recommends several facility modifications which can reestablish the flexibility in processing Titan IV vehicles for launch. It also suggests further studies which may be useful in this area.