Download or read book Griffintown written by Matthew Barlow and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This vibrant biography of Griffintown, an inner-city Montreal neighbourhood, brings to life the history of Irish identity in the legendary enclave. As Irish immigration dwindled in the early twentieth century, Irish culture in the city became diasporic, reflecting an imagined homeland. Focusing on the power of memory to shape community, Matthew Barlow finds that, despite sociopolitical pressures and a declining population, the spirit of this ethnic quarter was nurtured by the men and women who grew up there. Today, as Griffintown attracts renewed interest from artists, scholars, and tourists, this textured analysis reveals how public memory defines our urban centres.

Download or read book Top 50 Best Things to do in Montreal Qu bec written by Nicholas Khatch and published by NK. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get ready to embark on a thrilling adventure through the vibrant city of Montreal, where an array of captivating experiences await you. Begin your exploration in the historic heart of the city, Old Montreal, where you can marvel at the magnificent Notre-Dame Basilica and wander along the charming cobblestone streets. Continue your journey along the bustling Rue Sainte-Catherine, where you'll discover a shopper's paradise with its wide range of boutiques and department stores. Immerse yourself in Montreal's thriving arts and culture scene by visiting world-class museums such as the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and the Museum of Contemporary Art. Indulge your senses in the city's rich music heritage by attending the Montreal International Jazz Festival, where renowned artists from around the world grace the stages. For a dose of laughter, catch performances at the Just for Laughs Comedy Festival, known for showcasing some of the best comedians in the industry. Nature lovers will find solace in Montreal's abundant green spaces. Ascend to the top of Mount Royal Park for a picturesque view of the city skyline or explore the tranquil paths of the Montreal Botanical Garden, home to an impressive collection of plants from around the globe. Take a leisurely bike ride along the scenic Lachine Canal or indulge in a picnic at Parc La Fontaine, where lush greenery and serene lakes create a peaceful oasis within the bustling city. Don't miss the opportunity to savor Montreal's culinary delights. From the vibrant Jean-Talon Market, offering an array of fresh produce and local delicacies, to the diverse dining options in neighborhoods like Plateau-Mont-Royal, Montreal is a haven for food enthusiasts. Indulge in the city's renowned bagels, poutine, and iconic smoked meat sandwiches, or venture into its multicultural neighborhoods to savor cuisines from around the world. Montreal beckons with its blend of history, culture, nature, and culinary delights. Whether you're exploring its charming streets, immersing yourself in its cultural institutions, basking in its natural beauty, or tantalizing your taste buds, this list of 50 things to do in Montreal will ensure that your visit to this captivating city is nothing short of extraordinary. So, prepare to be enchanted by the magic of Montreal and create memories that will last a lifetime.

Download or read book Griffintown written by Matthew Barlow and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This vibrant biography of Griffintown, an inner-city Montreal neighbourhood, brings to life the history of Irish identity in the legendary enclave. As Irish immigration dwindled by the late nineteenth century, Irish culture in the city became diasporic, reflecting an imagined homeland. Focusing on the power of memory to shape community, Matthew Barlow finds that, despite sociopolitical pressures and a declining population, the spirit of this ethnic quarter was nurtured by the men and women who grew up there. Today, as Griffintown attracts renewed interest from developers, this textured analysis reveals how public memory defines our urban centres.

Download or read book Montreal and Southwest Qu bec Rough Guides Snapshot Canada written by Rough Guides and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rough Guide Snapshot to Montréal and Southwest Québec is the ultimate travel guide to this fascinating part of Canada. It guides you through the city and surrounding region with reliable information and comprehensive coverage of all the sights and attractions, from elegant Vieux-Montréal to the vibrant Plateau district and from skiing in Mont-Tremblant to visiting the area's vineyards. Detailed maps and up-to-date listings pinpoint the best cafés, restaurants, hotels, shops, bars and nightlife, ensuring you have the best trip possible, whether passing through, staying for the weekend or longer. Also included is the Basics section from the Rough Guide to Canada, with all the practical information you need for travelling in Canada, including transport, food, drink, costs and outdoor activities. Also published as part of the Rough Guide to Canada.Now available in ePub format.

Download or read book Montreal s Irish Mafia written by D'Arcy O'Connor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Their names resonate with organized crime in Montreal: the Matticks, MacAllisters, Johnstons and Griffins, and Peter Dunie Ryan. They are the Irish equivalent of the infamous Rizzuto and Cotroni families, and the "Mom" Bouchers and Walter Stadnicks of the Hells Angels. Award-winning producer, journalist and author D’Arcy O’Connor narrates the genesis and rise to power of one of Montreal’s most powerful, violent and colorful criminal organizations. It is the West End Gang, whose members controlled the docks and fought the Hells Angels and Mafia for their share of the city’s prostitution, gambling, loan sharking and drug dealing. At times, they did not disdain forging alliances with rival gangs when huge profits were at stake, or when a killing needed to be carried out. The West End Gang—the Irish Mafia of Montreal—is a legendary beast. They sprang out of the impoverished southwest of the city, some looking for ways to earn enough just to survive, some wanting more than a job in an abattoir or on a construction site. In that sense, they were no different from other immigrants from Italy and other European countries. A shortcut to wealth was their common goal. And Montreal, with its burgeoning post-WWII population, was ripe for the picking. The Irish Mob made headlines with a spectacular Brinks robbery in 1976, using the money to broker a major heroin and cocaine trafficking ring. It took over the Port of Montreal, controlling the flow of drugs into the city, drugs which the Mafia funnelled to New York. The West End Gang had connections to the cocaine cartel in Colombia; hashish brokers in Morocco and France; and marijuana growers in Mexico. The gang imported drugs on an enormous scale. One bust that took place off the coast of Angola in 2006 involved 22.5 tonnes of hashish, destined for Montreal. The West End Gang is a ripping tale that unveils yet another chapter in Montreal’s colorful criminal underworld.

Download or read book Community the human spirit written by Dave Flavell and published by Petra Books. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preview Edition: A solid contribution to social and urban studies, this fascinating collection of oral histories details the life and times in Canada's "cradle of industrialization.". Contributors to this book were all born between the 1920s and 1950s and remember growing up around the east end of the Lachine Canal near the Montreal harbour. It was a time when ships from far away places still navigated the canal and this historic working-class area hummed with the sounds of factories. Families were often large and the streets teemed with children. These oral histories follow contributors' lives to the present day. The book also discusses the redevelopment and evolution of the area. Well-researched and well-illustrated with archival and family photos, with bibliography, and an introduction by the author. 372 pages, softcover.

Download or read book Montr al and Southwest Qu bec Rough Guides Snapshot Canada written by Rough Guides and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rough Guides Snapshot Canada: Montréal and Southwest Québec is the ultimate travel guide to this area of Canada. It leads you through the region with reliable information and comprehensive coverage of all the sights and attractions, from strolling Vieux-Montréal and enjoying the city's summer festivals to cycling the P'tit Train du Nord trail and wine tasting on La Route des Vins. Detailed maps and up-to-date listings pinpoint the best cafés, restaurants, hotels, shops, bars and nightlife, ensuring you make the most of your trip, whether passing through, staying for the weekend or longer. The Rough Guides Snapshot Canada: Montréal and Southwest Québec covers Montréal, Montebello, the Laurentians (Les Laurentides), the Eastern Townships (Cantons-de-l'Est) and Trois-Rivières. Also included is the Basics section from the Rough Guide to Canada, with all the practical information you need for travelling in and around Montréal and Southwest Québec, including accommodation, transport, food, drink, costs, health and outdoor activities. Also published as part of the Rough Guide to Canada. The Rough Guides Snapshot Canada: Montréal and Southwest Québec is equivalent to 80 printed pages.

Download or read book Community the human spirit PREVIEW EDITION written by Dave Flavell and published by Petra Books. This book was released on 2016-12-04 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preview Edition: A solid contribution to social and urban studies, this fascinating collection of oral histories details the life and times in Canada's "cradle of industrialization.". Contributors to this book were all born between the 1920s and 1950s and remember growing up around the east end of the Lachine Canal near the Montreal harbour. It was a time when ships from far away places still navigated the canal and this historic working-class area hummed with the sounds of factories. Families were often large and the streets teemed with children. These oral histories follow contributors' lives to the present day. The book also discusses the redevelopment and evolution of the area. Well-researched and well-illustrated with archival and family photos, with bibliography, and an introduction by the author. 372 pages, softcover.

Download or read book The Patriots and the People written by Allan Greer and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lower Canadian Rebellion of 1837 has been called the most important event in pre-Confederation history. Previously, it has been explained as a response to economic distress or as the result of manipulation by middle-class politicians. Lord Durham believed it was an expression of racial conflict. The Patriots and the People is a fundamental reinterpretation of the Rebellion. Allan Greer argues that far being passive victims of events, the habitants were actively responding to democratic appeals because the language of popular sovereignty was in harmony with their experience and outlook. He finds that a certain form of popular republicanism, with roots deep in the French-Canadian past, drove the anti-government campaign. Institutions such as the militia and the parish played an important part in giving shape to the movement, and the customs of the maypole and charivari provided models for the collective actions against local representatives of the colonial regime. In looking closely into the actions, motives, and mentality of the rural plebeians who formed a majority of those involved in the insurrection, Allan Greer brings to light new causes for the revolutionary role of the normally peaceful French-Canadian peasant. By doing so he provides a social history with new dimensions.

Download or read book A Short History of Quebec written by John Alexander Dickinson and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2008 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two of Quebec's most respected historians, A Short History of Quebec offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of the province from the pre-contact native period to the present-day. John A. Dickinson and Brian Young bring a refreshing perspective to the history of Quebec, focusing on the social and economic development of the region as well as the identity issues of its diverse peoples. This revised fourth edition covers Quebec's recent political history and includes an updated bibliography and chronology and new illustrations. A Canadian classic, A Short History of Quebec now takes into account such issues as the 1995 referendum, recent ideological shifts and societal changes, considers Quebec's place in North America in the light of NAFTA, and offers reflections on the Grard Bouchard-Charles Taylor Commission on Accommodation and Cultural Differences in 2008. Engagingly written, this expanded and updated fourth edition is an ideal place to learn about the dynamic history of Quebec.

Download or read book A Short History of Quebec written by John A. Dickinson and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John A. Dickinson and Brian Young bring a refreshing perspective to the history of Quebec, focusing on the social and economic development of the region as well as the identity issues of its diverse peoples. This revised fourth edition covers Quebec's recent political history and includes an updated bibliography and chronology and new illustrations. A Canadian classic, A Short History of Quebec now takes into account such issues as the 1995 referendum, recent ideological shifts and societal changes, considers Quebec's place in North America in the light of NAFTA, and offers reflections on the Gérard Bouchard-Charles Taylor Commission on Accommodation and Cultural Differences in 2008.

Download or read book Moon Montr al Qu bec City written by Sacha Jackson and published by Moon Travel. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writer Sacha Jackson guides travelers to the highlights of Montréal and Québec City, from the trendy bars, restaurants, and festivals of Montréal to the original city walls and historic center of Québec City. Jackson also offers unique trip ideas like Romantic Weekend Getaways and Montréal on the Cheap. Complete with details on kayaking the Lachine canal, eating your own weight in poutine, and participating in the concerts, parades, and sleigh races of the Carnaval de Québec, Moon Montréal & Québec City gives travelers the tools they need to create a more personal and memorable experience.

Download or read book Montreal written by Dany Fougères and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 1505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surrounded by water and located at the heart of a fertile plain, the Island of Montreal has been a crossroads for Indigenous peoples, European settlers, and today's citizens, and an inland port city for the movement of people and goods into and out of North America. Commemorating the city's 375th anniversary, Montreal: The History of a North American City is the definitive, two-volume account of this fascinating metropolis and its storied hinterland. This comprehensive collection of essays, filled with hundreds of illustrations, photographs, and maps, draws on human geography and environmental history to show that while certain distinctive features remain unchanged – Mount Royal, the Lachine Rapids of the Saint Lawrence River – human intervention and urban evolution mean that over time Montrealers have had drastically different experiences and historical understandings. Significant issues such as religion, government, social conditions, the economy, labour, transportation, culture and entertainment, and scientific and technological innovation are treated thematically in innovative and diverse chapters to illuminate how people's lives changed along with the transformation of Montreal. This history of a city in motion presents an entire picture of the changes that have marked the region as it spread from the old city of Ville-Marie into parishes, autonomous towns, boroughs, and suburbs on and off the island. The first volume encompasses the city up to 1930, vividly depicting the lives of First Nations prior to the arrival of Europeans, colonization by the French, and the beginning of British Rule. The crucial roles of waterways, portaging, paths, and trails as the primary means of travelling and trade are first examined before delving into the construction of canals, railways, and the first major roads. Nineteenth-century industrialization created a period of near-total change in Montreal as it became Canada's leading city and witnessed staggering population growth from less than 20,000 people in 1800 to over one million by 1930. The second volume treats the history of Montreal since 1930, the year that the Jacques Cartier Bridge was opened and allowed for the outward expansion of a region, which before had been confined to the island. From the Great Depression and Montreal's role as a munitions manufacturing centre during the Second World War to major cultural events like Expo 67, the twentieth century saw Montreal grow into one of the continent's largest cities, requiring stringent management of infrastructure, public utilities, and transportation. This volume also extensively studies the kinds of political debate with which the region and country still grapple regarding language, nationalism, federalism, and self-determination. Contributors include Philippe Apparicio (INRS), Guy Bellavance (INRS), Laurence Bherer (University of Montreal), Stéphane Castonguay (UQTR), the late Jean-Pierre Collin (INRS), Magda Fahrni (UQAM), the late Jean-Marie Fecteau (UQAM), Dany Fougères (UQAM), Robert Gagnon (UQAM), Danielle Gauvreau (Concordia), Annick Germain (INRS), Janice Harvey (Dawson College), Annie-Claude Labrecque (independent scholar), Yvan Lamonde (McGill), Daniel Latouche (INRS), Roderick MacLeod (independent scholar), Paula Negron-Poblete (University of Montreal), Normand Perron (INRS), Martin Petitclerc (UQAM), Christian Poirier (INRS), Claire Poitras (INRS), Mario Polèse (INRS), Myriam Richard (unaffiliated), Damaris Rose (INRS), Anne-Marie Séguin (INRS), Gilles Sénécal (INRS), Valérie Shaffer (independent scholar), Richard Shearmur (McGill), Sylvie Taschereau (UQTR), Michel Trépanier (INRS), Laurent Turcot (UQTR), Nathalie Vachon (INRS), and Roland Viau (University of Montreal).

Download or read book The Rough Guide to Canada Travel Guide eBook written by Rough Guides and published by Apa Publications (UK) Limited. This book was released on 2019-09-01 with total page 1315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-renowned 'tell it like it is' guidebook Discover Canada with this comprehensive, entertaining, 'tell it like it is' Rough Guide, packed with comprehensive practical information and our experts' honest and independent recommendations. Whether you plan to do snowboarding in Whistler, go whale-watching off the spectacular coasts, hike through the Canadian Rockies, or marvel at the Niagara Falls, The Rough Guide to Canada will help you discover the best places to explore, sleep, eat, drink and shop along the way. Features of The Rough Guide to Canada: - Detailed regional coverage: provides in-depth practical information for each step of all kinds of trip, from intrepid off-the-beaten-track adventures, to chilled-out breaks in popular tourist areas. Regions covered include: Toronto, Ontario, Montreal, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Prairie Provinces, the Maritime Provinces, the Canadian Rockies, the BC interior, Vancouver and the North. - Honest independent reviews: written with Rough Guides' trademark blend of humour, honesty and expertise, and recommendations you can truly trust, our writers will help you get the most from your trip to Canada. - Meticulous mapping: always full-colour, with clearly numbered, colour-coded keys. Find your way around Quebec, Newfoundland and many more locations without needing to get online. - Fabulous full-colour photography: features a richness of inspirational colour photography, including the atmospheric Helmcken Falls in British Columbia and dramatic Hopewell Rocks coastline in Nova Scotia. - Things not to miss: Rough Guides' rundown of the Canadian Rockies, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal's best sights and top experiences. - Itineraries: carefully planned routes will help you organise your trip, and inspire and inform your on-the-road experiences. - Basics section: packed with essential pre-departure information including getting there, getting around, accommodation, food and drink, health, the media, festivals, sports and outdoor activities, culture and etiquette, shopping and more. - Background information: comprehensive Contexts chapter provides fascinating insights into Canada, with coverage of history, religion, ethnic groups, environment, wildlife and books, plus a handy language section and glossary About Rough Guides: Rough Guides have been inspiring travellers for over 35 years, with over 30 million copies sold globally. Synonymous with practical travel tips, quality writing and a trustworthy 'tell it like it is' ethos, the Rough Guides list includes more than 260 travel guides to 120+ destinations, gift-books and phrasebooks.

Download or read book Fodor s Montreal Quebec City written by Fodor’s Travel Guides and published by Fodor's Travel. This book was released on 2024-07-16 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you want to party at Jazz Fest, explore La Citadelle , or stroll the promenade in front of the Chateau Frontenac, the local Fodor‘s travel experts in Montreal & Quebec City are here to help! Fodor‘s Montreal & Quebec City guidebook is packed with maps, carefully curated recommendations, and everything else you need to simplify your trip-planning process and make the most of your time. This new edition has been fully-redesigned with an easy-to-read layout, fresh information, and beautiful color photos. Fodor‘s Montreal & Quebec City travel guide includes: AN ILLUSTRATED ULTIMATE EXPERIENCES GUIDE to the top things to see and do MULTIPLE ITINERARIES to effectively organize your days and maximize your time MORE THAN 20 DETAILED MAPS and a FREE PULL-OUT MAP to help you navigate confidently COLOR PHOTOS throughout to spark your wanderlust! HONEST RECOMMENDATIONS FROM LOCALS on the best sights, restaurants, hotels, nightlife, shopping, performing arts, activities, side-trips, and more PHOTO-FILLED “BEST OF” FEATURES on “What to Eat and Drink,” “Cool Things to Do In Montreal & Quebec City,” “Best Side Trips,” and more TRIP-PLANNING TOOLS AND PRACTICAL TIPS including when to go, getting around, beating the crowds, and saving time and money HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INSIGHTS providing rich context on the local people, politics, art, architecture, cuisine, music, geography and more SPECIAL FEATURES on “Montreal & Quebec City with Kids,” “What to Watch and Read Before You Visit,” and “How to Speak Quebecois” LOCAL WRITERS to help you find the under-the-radar gems FRENCH LANGUAGE PRIMER with useful words and essential phrases UP-TO-DATE COVERAGE ON: Montreal, Quebec City, Plateau Mont-Royal, Mile End, Sherbrooke, Mont-Tremblant, Gatineau, Ste-Famille, Ste-Pierre, and more Planning on visiting other nearby destinations? Check out Fodor‘s Toronto, Fodor's Nova Scotia & Atlantic Canada, and Fodor's New England. *Important note for digital editions: The digital edition of this guide does not contain all the images or text included in the physical edition. ABOUT FODOR'S AUTHORS: Each Fodor's Travel Guide is researched and written by local experts. Fodor‘s has been offering expert advice for all tastes and budgets for over 80 years. For more travel inspiration, you can sign up for our travel newsletter at fodors.com/newsletter/signup, or follow us @FodorsTravel on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. We invite you to join our friendly community of travel experts at fodors.com/community to ask any other questions and share your experience with us!

Download or read book Fodor s Montr al Qu bec City written by Fodor's Travel Guides and published by Fodor's Travel. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you want to party at Jazz Fest, explore La Citadelle , or stroll the promenade in front of the Chateau Frontenac, the local Fodor’s travel experts in Montreal & Quebec City are here to help! Fodor’s Montreal & Quebec City guidebook is packed with maps, carefully curated recommendations, and everything else you need to simplify your trip-planning process and make the most of your time. This new edition has been fully-redesigned with an easy-to-read layout, fresh information, and beautiful color photos. Fodor’s Montreal & Quebec City travel guide includes: AN ILLUSTRATED ULTIMATE EXPERIENCES GUIDE to the top things to see and do MULTIPLE ITINERARIES to effectively organize your days and maximize your time MORE THAN 20 DETAILED MAPS and a FREE PULL-OUT MAP to help you navigate confidently COLOR PHOTOS throughout to spark your wanderlust! HONEST RECOMMENDATIONS on the best sights, restaurants, hotels, nightlife, shopping, performing arts, activities, side-trips, and more PHOTO-FILLED “BEST OF” FEATURES on “What to Eat and Drink,” “Cool Things to Do In Montreal & Quebec City,” “Best Side Trips,” and more TRIP-PLANNING TOOLS AND PRACTICAL TIPS including when to go, getting around, beating the crowds, and saving time and money HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INSIGHTS providing rich context on the local people, politics, art, architecture, cuisine, music, geography and more SPECIAL FEATURES on “Montreal & Quebec City with Kids,” “What to Watch and Read Before You Visit,” and “How to Speak Quebecois” LOCAL WRITERS to help you find the under-the-radar gems FRENCH LANGUAGE PRIMER with useful words and essential phrases UP-TO-DATE COVERAGE ON: Montreal, Quebec City, Plateau Mont-Royal, Mile End, Sherbrooke, Mont-Tremblant, Gatineau, Ste-Famille, Ste-Pierre, and more Planning on visiting other nearby destinations? Check out Fodor’s Toronto, Fodor's Nova Scotia & Atlantic Canada, and Fodor's New England. *Important note for digital editions: The digital edition of this guide does not contain all the images or text included in the physical edition. ABOUT FODOR'S AUTHORS: Each Fodor's Travel Guide is researched and written by local experts. Fodor’s has been offering expert advice for all tastes and budgets for over 80 years. For more travel inspiration, you can sign up for our travel newsletter at fodors.com/newsletter/signup, or follow us @FodorsTravel on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. We invite you to join our friendly community of travel experts at fodors.com/community to ask any other questions and share your experience with us!

Download or read book Flight from Famine written by Donald MacKay and published by Dundurn. This book was released on 2009-03-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Canada's founding peoples, the Irish arrived in the Newfoundland fishing stations as early as the seventeenth century. By the eighteenth century they were establishing farms and settlements from Nova Scotia to the Great Lakes. Then, in the 1840s, came the failures of Ireland's potato crop, which people in the west of Ireland had depended on for survival. "And that," wrote a Sligo countryman, "was the beginning of the great trouble and famine that destroyed Ireland." Flight from Famine is the moving account of a Victorian-era tragedy that has echoes in our own time but seems hardly credible in the light of Ireland's modern prosperity. The famine survivors who helped build Canada in the years that followed Black '47 provide a testament to courage, resilience, and perseverance. By the time of Confederation, the Irish population of Canada was second only to the French, and four million Canadians can claim proud Irish descent.