Download or read book Grain Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Claypan Soil Landscapes written by Dara Lynn Boardman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing world populations, farmers must become more efficient at producing food, fiber and fuel while reducing negative environmental impacts. The first objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage, cover crops, and compost rate on organic grain crop production, greenhouse gas (GHG) flux, and soil N content. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) of this organic management study were much lower than what others have reported, attributed to drought conditions and the use of compost. Across all crops, TNCC and TCC out-yielded NTCC, primarily due to increased germination in tilled systems and decreased weed pressure. The 1x and 1.5x compost treatments out-yielded the 0x and the 0.5x. The second objective of this study was to determine the GHG flux of fertilizer treatment within landscape positions of corn and switchgrass cropping systems. In 2014, switchgrass CO2 flux was approximately two times greater than corn. Corn N2O flux was almost 6 times greater than switchgrass. Synthetic fertilizer resulted in 2.5-8 times greater N2O flux than the other fertilizer treatments. The summit emitted at least 1.5 times greater GWP than the other landscape positions and synthetic fertilizer emitted about twice the GWP than other fertilizer treatments. In conjunction with this GHG research, an independent study was conducted to determine the effect of depth to claypan (DTC) on corn and switchgrass water use efficiency (WUE) and crop N recovery efficiency (REN). In dry years on depositional soils switchgrass had greater WUE and REN than corn. This research showed that in organic management systems, grain production generates low GHG emissions, NTCC yields less than tillage treatments, and at least 1x of compost is necessary to maintain yields. This research showed switchgrass to emit less N2O and be more efficient with water and N than corn. This could improve the productivity of marginal soils, such as found in Missouri, while providing a renewable fuel that emits less life-cycle GHG to meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).

Download or read book Impacts of Organic Cropping Systems on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Crop Yields in Field Crop Production in Qu bec written by Joannie D'Amours and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic farming aims to enhance the sustainability of cropping systems, but some soil conservation practices implemented may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of various organic cropping systems on GHG emissions and crop yields, in Québec, Canada. A field experiment was conducted at the Institut national d'agriculture biologique, over two growing seasons (26 April to 31 October 2019 and 29 April to 12 November 2020), on a sandy loam soil. The randomized complete block design included two controls (perennial forage and bare fallow [BF]) and five organic cropping systems combining different: (i) crop sequences (barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]- grain corn [Zea mays L.], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]- spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], grain corn-soybean); (ii) sources of fertilizers (poultry manure [PM] and/or a fall-seeded green manure [GM] or no source); and (iii) primary tillage intensities (moldboard plough [MP] or chisel plough [CP]). Soil temperature, water content, and mineral N concentrations were evaluated periodically, as well as direct nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, which were quantified using non-flow-through non-steady-state chambers and gas chromatography. The lowest cumulative N2O emissions were found in CP-GM (0.52 ± 0.11 and 3.55 ± 0.72 kg N ha−1 in 2019 and 0.47 ± 0.06 kg N ha−1 in 2020), whereas the highest emissions were found in MP-PM in 2019 (3.55 ± 0.72 kg N ha−1) and BF in 2020 (1.44 ± 0.20 kg N ha−1). During both years, CH4 emissions varied from -0.65 to +0.18 kg C ha−1 and were similar between cropping systems. Organic cropping system CP-GM minimized the area-scaled N2O emissions without increasing the yield-scaled N2O emissions. However, long-term assessment is necessary to determine the agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits of these cropping systems.

Download or read book The Potential of U S Cropland to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the potential of U.S. cropland to sequester carbon, concluding that properly applied soil restorative processes and best management practices can help mitigate the greenhouse effect by decreasing the emissions of greenhouse gases from U.S. agricultural activities and by making U.S. cropland a major sink for carbon sequestration. Topics include: Describe the greenhouse processes and global tends in emissions as well as the three principal components of anthropogenic global warming potential Present data on U.S. emissions and agriculture's related role Examines the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in soils of the U.S. and its loss due to cultivation Provides a reference for the magnitude of carbon sequestration potential Analyzes the primary processes governing greenhouse gas emission from the pedosphere Establishes a link between SOC content and soil quality Outlines strategies for mitigating emissions from U.S. cropland Discusses soil erosion management Assesses the potential of using cropland to create biomass for direct fuel to produce power Details the potential for sequestering carbon by intensifying prime agricultural land The Potential of U.S. Cropland to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect provides an exceptional framework for the adoption of science-based management methods on U.S. cropland, encouraging appropriate agricultural practices for the sustainable use of our natural resources and the improvement of our nation's environment.

Download or read book Nitrogen and Carbon Changes in Great Plains Soils as Influenced by Cropping and Soil Treatments written by Howard J. Haas and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Cropping Systems written by Jeffrey A. Coulter and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.

Download or read book Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change is one factor driving agricultural policy development of programs that might pay farmers for practices with a high potential to sequester carbon. With chapters by economists, policy makers, farmers, land managers, energy company representatives, and soil scientists, Agricu

Download or read book Sustainable Dryland Cropping in Relation to Soil Productivity written by C. J. Pearson and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamics of Denitrifying Soil Microbial Community and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Conventional and Organic System of Winter Wheat Production in Dependence of Pre crop and Fertilization written by Anton Govednik (biotehnolog.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecological efficient and low carbon cereal legume intercropping systems written by Lingyang Feng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-28 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Storing Carbon in Agricultural Soils written by Norman J. Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil carbon sequestration can play a strategic role in controlling the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere and thereby help mitigate climatic change. There are scientific opportunities to increase the capacity of soils to store carbon and remove it from circulation for longer periods of time. The vast areas of degraded and desertified lands throughout the world offer great potential for the sequestration of very large quantities of carbon. If credits are to be bought and sold for carbon storage, quick and inexpensive instruments and methods will be needed to monitor and verify that carbon is actually being added and maintained in soils. Large-scale soil carbon sequestration projects pose economic and social problems that need to be explored. This book focuses on scientific and implementation issues that need to be addressed in order to advance the discipline of carbon sequestration from theory to reality. The main issues discussed in the book are broad and cover aspects of basic science, monitoring, and implementation. The opportunity to restore productivity of degraded lands through carbon sequestration is examined in detail. This book will be of special interest to professionals in agronomy, soil science, and climatology.

Download or read book Land Use and the Carbon Cycle written by Daniel G. Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive exploration of how land use interacts with the atmosphere and carbon cycle, for advanced students, researchers and policy makers.

Download or read book A protocol for measurement monitoring reporting and verification of soil organic carbon in agricultural landscapes written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides a conceptual framework and standard methodologies for the monitoring, reporting and verification of changes in SOC stocks and GHG emissions/removals from agricultural projects that adopt sustainable soil management practices (SSM) at farm level. It is intended to be applied in different agricultural lands, including annual and perennial crops (food, fibre, forage and bioenergy crops), paddy rice, grazing lands with livestock including pastures, grasslands, rangelands, shrublands, silvopasture and agroforestry. Although developed for projects carried out at farm level, potential users include investors, research institutions, government agencies, consultants, agricultural companies, NGOs, individual farmers or farmer associations, supply chain and other users who are interested in measuring and estimating SOC stocks and changes and GHG emissions in response to management practices. The document is an outcome of the successful Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon (GSOC17), which was held in Rome in March 2017. The document is of technical nature in support of the Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration work. Its use is not mandatory but of voluntary nature.

Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Conservation Agriculture written by Sandra Corsi and published by Much-in-Little. This book was released on 2012 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cropping Systems for the Moister Portion of Eastern Washington and Oregon and Northern Idaho written by Lee Wiley Fluharty and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dynamics Across Contrasting Temperate Agroecosystems written by Keunbae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perennial grain crops have been proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional annual grain crops, since they potentially hold multiple desirable features including increased soil C sequestration and biodiversity, mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduction of water loss and others. These attributes are accomplished by their no-tillage management, longer growing season, and pervasive root systems. Nonetheless, the ramifications of implementing novel perennial grain cropping systems to the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere remains elusive. In this research, comprehensive comparisons were made to enhance current understanding of how annual versus perennial grain cropping differ in soil organic matter (SOM) pools, GHGs emissions, and mycorrhizae (i.e., AMF). Five contrasting cropping systems --fallow, annual-grain, biennial-grain, perennial-grain, and perennial-forage -- were compared with and without N fertilizer addition. A randomized complete block design consisting of four replicates was initiated at sites located in Edmonton and Breton, Alberta, Canada. In addition to the replicate plots, two adjacent 4-ha fields, including annual vs. perennial grain crops, were set up for eddy covariance measurements at the Breton site. By doing so, it was expected that they address a limitation of the chamber measurements with respect to instantaneous and heterogeneous capture, as well as evapotranspiration (ET) comparison. As a result of SOC fractionation, perennial grain crops increased soil C concentration in both transitory and stable pools compared with annual grain compartments, although overall soil C sequestration occurred as a function of N fertilizer, cropping systems, and underlying soil texture. Moreover, substantial CH4 and CO2 uptake were observed in perennial grain cropping system compared with annual grain crops likely due to a shift to favorable GHGs sink conditions such as aeration-moisture balance, photosynthetic activity, and microbial decomposition. However, overall cumulative ET and associated ecosystem-water use efficiency were similar with between the two cropping systems. Lastly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community compositions between annual and perennial grain cropping systems exhibited no significant difference, likely due to the genetic similarity of two crops. In addition, the two contrasting study sites had different patterns of AMF alpha and beta diversity, which may be a result of differing inherent soil properties and management legacy effect across field sites. In sum, AMF communities appear to be impervious to annual vs perennial grain crops, rather their most pronounced difference are field site specific. In sum, my research has been conducted for an overall assessment of whether perennial grain crops play a multifunctional role in agroecosystems toward better sustainability.

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Carbon Stocks Associated with Crop Residues and Organic Fertilizers Mixtures in Sugar Cane Cropping Systems written by Vladislav Dimitrov Kyulavski and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current environmental context, it is crucial to optimize the use of resources to reduce waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable resources use and recycling lies at the heart of the circular economy model, in which a waste is a mobilizable, transformable, reusable and therefore renewable resource. In agriculture, the “virtuous circle” of circular economy can be achieved through the recycling of organic wastes as fertilizer and the adoption of an agroecological approach that favors ecosystem services for pest control, soil protection and carbon stocks increase, one of the examples of which is mulching. In sugarcane cropping systems straw left on the soil surface is also increasingly coveted by industrial sector to produce second-generation agrofuels. The emerging competition for biomass use and the underlying environmental issues make it necessary to assess both, the agronomic and the environmental advantages and disadvantages of joint recycling of sugarcane mulch and organic fertilizers. Therefore, the objectives of this work are i) to compare the effect of fertilizers of contrasting physicochemical quality, on the decomposition of a sugarcane mulch, and ii) to evaluate the potential of GHG emissions from mulch-fertilizer mixtures, according to the quantity of straw left and the quality of the fertilizers applied. The research strategy adopted in a first step aimed to detect carbon/nitrogen interactions during the combined recycling of straw and organic fertilizers. We have thus tested the predictability of the mineralization dynamics of C and N of the organic materials alone, or in mixture (straw/fertilizer) in the laboratory, by a simple additive model, and a mechanistic model of carbon and nitrogen transformation in the soil - CANTIS. Our results showed that both models overestimated the C mineralization and did not correctly predict the N mineralization of the mixtures. This antagonistic interaction for the mixtures was corrected by the application of a contact factor in CANTIS, which reflects the bioavailability decrease of C and N, due to distribution heterogeneities at a fine scale within the soil. In a second step, we conducted field trials (under real conditions) to measure both the decomposition of sugarcane straw mixed with organic fertilizers and GHG emissions. The amount of straw decomposed was proportional to the initial amount left and was affected neither by the amount of straw nor the type of fertilizer provided. This proportionality is transposable to the potential for carbon sequestration in the soil and should be considered when setting up carbon sequestration or when exporting the straw for alternative use. The type of fertilizer plays a key role in GHG emissions in the short term after fertilization. The highest average CO2 and N2O emission fluxes were obtained by applying pig slurry, which has a high water content and is rich in mineral N. Conversely, the kinetics of GHG emissions from solid fertilizers have been governed by environmental factors, some of which could be controlled, such as water intake or fertilizer quantity application. The use of organic fertilizers is beneficial when they are rich in organic N and poor in water content, such as dry sewage sludge, but the mineralization of nitrogen in this case is gradual and requires elaboration of a specific application strategies to meet crop needs. A better integration of the interactions between the different N and C sources should be considered, in order to develop modeling as a precise tool for the management of an agroecosystem.

Download or read book Nitrogen Management in Crop Production written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main approaches for safeguarding food security, sustainable development has increased demand for knowledge on fertilizer management in crop production. Among essential plant nutrients, nitrogen is one of the most important yield-limiting nutrients, mainly responsible for determining yield and yield components in cereals and legumes. It is also responsible for the activation of many enzymes and, of course, plays an important role in photosynthesis. With a recovery efficiency of less than 50 percent in most cropping systems, a large portion of the nitrogen applied as fertilizer is not used by plants, creating environmental and economic issues. Nitrogen Management in Crop Production covers the critical aspects for the judicious use of nitrogen in cropping systems. This includes appropriate methods of nitrogen application, effective source and timing of application during crop growth cycles, use of an adequate application rate to avoid loss and reduce cost, use of nitrogen-efficient crop genotypes, and use of legumes that fix sufficient amounts of atmospheric nitrogen. There is also a chapter on organic matter and its role in sustainability. This book presents recent information from the international literature, making it relevant for most agroecological regions. Chapters provide experimental results to aid in practical application of the information. The book contains color photos of nitrogen deficiency symptoms to serve as a guide for important crop species, such as rice, dry bean, wheat, soybean, and corn. It also includes numerous tables and figures, providing an easy-to-read reference.