Download or read book Governance of Hospitals in Central and Eastern Europe written by Przemyslaw Marcin Sowa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel view of healthcare system transition in post-communist countries. It is the first region-wide comparative study of hospital governance in Eastern Europe. Comprehensive new material shows the evolution and significance of governance, complementing recent publications on the topic from industrialised countries. Throughout the book, governance is described and substantiated as a major component that, together with provider payment mechanisms, defines the hospital sector’s operations. This view subscribes to the economists’ growing appreciation of extra-financial aspects in the discussion of incentives and regulation of healthcare markets. In particular, the book explains how governance arrangements may affect the outcomes of healthcare financing reforms, and should thus be seen as a critical determinant of their success or failure. This new model of thinking about healthcare system transition emerges from an analysis of 22 countries over the course of two decades. While the primary focus of the study is on developing the hospital sector, an extensive background chapter provides a standalone introduction to the dynamically changing landscape of healthcare in Eastern Europe and an overview of the various problems and challenges the region is facing. Practitioners, policy-makers, academics and students interested in Eastern European healthcare systems, their origins, current status and ways forward, will appreciate the book’s reflections on the problem complexity, the clarity of its concepts, and its accessible style of presentation.
Download or read book The Coordination of European Public Hospital Systems written by Sorin Dan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book engages theoretically and empirically with the unprecedented wave of public management reforms in public hospitals in Europe in the past 25 years. It provides a useful overview of these reforms and studies the way in which they have influenced the ability of national policy-making institutions to co-ordinate the system of public hospitals as a whole. Using a comparative structure, as well as original empirical data collected by the author, the book examines case studies on which little has so far been published for an international audience in English.
Download or read book Governance of Hospitals and Accessibility of Health Care in Post semashko Health Care Systems written by Przemyslaw Marcin Sowa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis comprises an overview of health care transition in post-communist countries and two original contributions to the subject's literature. The background chapter establishes the meaning of post-communist transformation by presenting key socio-economic changes and characterising health care systems emerging from transition. The first of the two original studies develops, substantiates and statistically applies a model of hospital governance transition. Going beyond the public-private delineation, the model identifies five stages of hospital governance transformation: (1) the integrated Semashko model, (2) decentralised hospital management, (3) devolved hospital ownership, (4) corporatisation, and (5) privatisation of hospitals. Each stage corresponds to a distinct distribution of decision powers, financial risks and residual claims between the sector participants; moreover, it reflects efficiency factors associated with decentralisation. Building on previous studies primarily concerned with financing arrangements, this model constitutes a more complete picture of economic incentives and the managerial capacity in the sector. The econometric analysis of 22 countries over the 22-year period 1989-2010 is based on a random trend model. Notable findings include devolution of ownership leading to increases in acute care lengths of stay, numbers of admissions, and selected measures of mortality attributable to hospital care. Corporatisation of hospitals is found to be associated with increased acute lengths of stay and bed occupancy rates. The findings suggest that decentralisation and autonomisation, as introduced in the region, did not contribute to the intended de-emphasising of inpatient care. Higher utilisation rates coinciding with increased mortality may imply that territorial governments trade-off quality for quantity of care when they are given authority over hospital care provision. Reform design features and resource constraints persistent in the transition systems offer possible explanations of this. The second study examines health care accessibility in seven countries of Central and Eastern Europe, over the five years 2005-2009, through the lens of individual-level unmet needs for examination or treatment. Investigated are the magnitude and nature of access barriers as well as the structure of inequality. The study design based on logit and multinomial logit models of individual socio-economic characteristics permits the interpretation of findings in absolute and comparative terms and shows the problem dynamics. Health care is most easily accessible in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Affordability issues and prohibitive waiting times are prevalent in Poland and the Baltic States. Mobility and information represent relatively minor access barriers. The poorest households, the unemployed, working age cohorts, and women are more exposed than the population at large to problems in accessing health care. Over the analysed period access conditions generally improved. The outcomes show that substantial differences exist between the countries that constitute an arguably homogenous group of post-communist, new EU member states. This suggests there are policy lessons to be learned from peer transition countries. The nature of access barriers is indicative of gaps in coverage and inadequacy of public sector resources relative to need, which call for systemic solutions.
Download or read book Governing Public Hospitals written by Richard B. Saltman and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governance of public hospitals in Europe is changing. Individual hospitals have been given varying degrees of semi-autonomy within the public sector and empowered to make key strategic, financial, and clinical decisions themselves. This study explores the major developments and their implications for national and European health policy. The study focuses on hospital-level decision-making and draws together both theoretical and practical evidence. It includes an in-depth assessment of eight different country models of semi-autonomy, in the Czech Republic, England, Estonia, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Spain. The evidence that emerges throws light on the shifting relationships between public-sector decision-making and hospital-level organizational behaviour and will be of real and practical value to those working with this increasingly important and complex mix of approaches. [Ed.]
Download or read book Corporate Governance in Central Eastern Europe written by Joseph C. Brada and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the performance of firms as a measure of the effectiveness of corporate governance, and then attempts to draw conclusions about the relative advantages of different ownership structures. The analysis is based on studies of firms in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.
Download or read book Who is Paying for Health Care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia written by Maureen A. Lewis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal payments in the health sector of Eastern and Central Asia are emerging as a fundamental aspect of health care financing and a serious impediment to health care reform. These informal payments, made to individuals or institutions in cash or in kind, are nearly always for services that are meant to be covered by the health care system. Such private payments to public personnel have created an informal market for health care , and are a form of corruption. This problem's roots are traced to declining revenues which have not coincided with a reduction in buildings, hospital beds and health personnel. In these circumstances informal payments compensate for lost earnings, and therefore reforms to modernise the region's health systems must compete with individuals' personal revenues. Options for addressing this problem include comprehensive anticorruption policies, downsizing of the public health system, reducing the set of services sibsidised by the state, encouraging cost sharing with those who can afford it, improving accountability, and promoting private alternatives.
Download or read book Local Government in Central and Eastern Europe written by Andrew Coulson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-08-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the democratic changes that took place in civil society in Central and Eastern Europe after the break up of the Soviet Union.
Download or read book What is the Experience of Decentralized Hospital Governance in Europe written by Bernd Rechel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The political pressure to change how hospital governance is currently organized comes from a mix of sources, including increasing costs, technological advances, changing patterns of disease, and growing patient expectations.2. This pressure to reform has prompted a review of hospital ownership and a drive, in many countries, to decentralize hospital governance.3. The key trends in decentralizing hospital governance, which may not be compatible with each other, include increasing hospital autonomy and more direct managerial control of hospitals; and decentralization to newly created administrative layers in the health system:- Hospitals with greater autonomy are perceived to be more flexible in meeting the needs of the local population and, thanks to active purchasing, more efficient performers.- Decentralizing hospital governance to allow decision making at the local level is seen as a way of promoting responsiveness to communities and to changing patterns of disease; it is also a means of moving responsibility for funding or adopting technological advances away from central government.4. Despite these apparent merits of decentralized hospital governance, there is an explicit need to:- acknowledge the tension between potential efficiency gains from centralization and the potential to improve responsiveness and flexibility with greater decentralization.- address investment decisions (e.g. strategic planning of hospital infrastructure) to ensure geographical equity and efficiency and to balance this with the 'narrower focus' decision making in a locally run system.5. There are good examples of authorities in systems with decentralized hospital governance collaborating to overcome equity and efficiency concerns, but the specific institutional and political contexts make it difficult to transfer successful models from one country to another.6. More broadly, unless this is supported by the existing country context, policy-makers will struggle to achieve the desired degree of decentralization in hospital governance.
Download or read book Understanding Hospitals in Changing Health Systems written by Antonio Durán and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This timely book provides insight into the changing role of the ‘hospital’ in the face of technological, organizational innovation and ever-tightening health budgets.”James Barlow, Imperial College Business School, UK “This book covers various relevant aspects of the hospital in different states and contexts. Underlining the importance of business models for future hospitals, this publication presents models of care from a historic and a current perspective. All authors possess a deep insight into different health care systems, not only as scholars but as experts working for world-renowned health policy institutions such as the World Health Organization, the World Bank or the European Observatory for Health Systems.”Siegfried Walch, Management Center Innsbruck, Austria “For an organisation like mine, representing those involved in the strategic planning of healthcare infrastructure, this book provides invaluable insights into what really matters – now and for the future – in the complex and contentious field of hospital development.”Jonathan Erskine, European Health Property Network, Netherlands This book seeks to reframe current policy discussions on hospitals. Healthcare services turn expensive economic resources—people, capital, pharmaceuticals, energy, materials—into care and cure. Hospitals concentrate the use and the cost of these resources, particularly highly-trained people, expensive capital, and embedded technologies. But other areas of health, such as public health and primary care, seem to attract more attention and affection, at least within the health policy community. How to make sense of this paradox? Hospitals choose, or are assigned, to deliver certain parts of care packages. They are organised to do this via “business models”. These necessarily incorporate models of care – the processes of dealing with patients. The activity needs to be governed, in the widest senses. Rational decisions need to be taken about both the care and the resources to be used. This book pulls these elements together, to stimulate a debate.
Download or read book Hospital Based Health Technology Assessment written by Laura Sampietro-Colom and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely work describing how localized hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) complements general, ‘arms-length’ HTA agency efforts, and what has been the collective global impact of HB-HTA across the globe. While HB-HTA has gained significant momentum over the past few years, expertise in the field, and information on the operation and organization of HB-HTA, has been scattered. This book serves to bring this information together to inform those who are currently working in the field of HTA at the hospital, regional, national or global level. In addition, this book is intended for decision-makers and policy-makers with a stake in determining the uptake and decommissioning of new and established technologies in the hospital setting. HTA has traditionally been performed at the National/Regional level by HTA Agencies, typically linked to governments. Yet hospitals are the main entry door for most health technologies (HTs). Hospital decision-makers must undertake multiple high stakes investment and disinvestment decisions annually for innovative HTs, usually without adequate information. Despite the existence of arms-length HTA Agencies, inadequate information is available to hospital decision-makers either because relevant HTA reports are not yet released at the time of entry of new technologies to the field, or because even when the report exists, the information contained is insufficient to clarify the contextualized informational needs of hospital decision makers. Therefore, there has recently been a rising trend toward hospital-based HTA units and programs. These units/programs complement the work of National/Regional HTA Agencies by providing the key and relevant evidence needed by hospital decision makers in their specific hospital context, and within required decision-making timelines. The emergence of HB-HTA is creating a comprehensive HTA ecosystem across health care levels, which creates better bridges for knowledge translation through relevance and timeliness.
Download or read book Entrepreneurship in the Informal Sector written by Colin C. Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How many businesses start-ups conduct some or all of their trade ‘off-the-books’? And how many enterprises continue to do some of their work off-the-books once they are more established? What should be done about them? Should governments adopt ever more punitive measures to eradicate them? Or should we recognise this hidden enterprise culture and attempt to harness it? If so, how can this be done? What measures can be taken to ensure that businesses start-up in a proper manner? And what can be done to help those enterprises and entrepreneurs currently working off-the-books to legitimise their businesses? The aim of this book is to advance a new way of answering these questions. Drawing inspiration from institutional theory, informal sector entrepreneurship is explained as resulting from the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions and the norms, values and beliefs that comprise a society’s informal institutions. The argument is that if the norms, values and beliefs of entrepreneurs (i.e., their individual morality) were wholly aligned with the codified laws and regulations (i.e., state morality), there would be no informal sector entrepreneurship. However, because the individual morality of entrepreneurs differs from state morality, such as due to their lack of trust in government and the rule of law, the result is the prevalence of informal sector entrepreneurship. The greater the degree of institutional asymmetry, the higher is the propensity to engage in informal sector entrepreneurship. This book provides evidence to show that this is the case both at the individual- and country-level and then discusses how this can be overcome. .
Download or read book United States Assistance to Central and Eastern Europe written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digital Public Administration and E Government in Developing Nations Policy and Practice written by Halpin, Edward Francis and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-03-31 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has become apparent that there are very distinct gaps between developed and developing regions in the world, especially in regards to e-government systems, infrastructures, and processes. Digital Public Administration and E-Government in Developing Nations: Policy and Practice examines e-government from the perspective of developing nations and addresses issues and concerns of developing systems and processes. This publication is a valuable and insightful tool for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students in different fields who are interested in information systems, public policies, politics, and media and communication studies.
Download or read book Central and Eastern Europe in Transition written by Frank H. Columbus and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is part of a two-volume set presenting current analyses of political and economic developments and trends in central and Eastern Europe. In this volume, emphasis is on social and political developments. Coverage includes parties and party systems in Eastern Europe, Central European moralist diplomacy, the emergence of the Hungarian party system, educational reconstruction, and xenophobic attitudes towards migrants and ethnic minorities in the region. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Business Process Management Blockchain Robotic Process Automation and Central and Eastern Europe Forum written by Andrea Marrella and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the Blockchain, Robotic Process Management (RPA), and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) Forum which were held as part of the 20th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2022, which took place in Münster, Germany, during September 11-15, 2022. The Blockchain Forum is dealing with techniques for and applications of blockchains, distributed ledger technologies, and related topics. "The RPA Forum brings together researchers from various communities to discuss challenges, opportunities, and new ideas related to robotic process automation and its application to business processes in private and public sectors." The CEE Forum provides a discussion platform for BPM academics from Central and Eastern Europe to disseminate their research, compare results and share experiences. The 20 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 40 submissions.
Download or read book Health Policy And European Union Enlargement written by McKee, Martin and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: · What are the implications of the different levels of health in an enlarged EU? · Will free movement of goods, services and people within an enlarged EU be good for health and health care? · What have we learned from past enlargements? European national policy-makers broadly agree on the core objectives that their health care system should pursue. The list is straightforward: universal access for all citizens, effective care for better health outcomes, efficient use of resources, and high quality services responsive to patient’s concerns. It is a formula that resonates across the political spectrum and which, in various, sometimes inventive configurations, has played a role in most recent European national election campaigns. While there may be consensus on the broader issues, expectations differ between EU countries, and with the enlargement of 2004 matters become more complex. This book seeks firstly to assess the impact of the enlargement process and then to analyse the challenges that lie ahead in the field of health and health policy. Written by leading health policy analysts, the book investigates a host of areas including: · Health care investment· International recruitment of nurses and doctors· Health and safety· Communicable disease control· European pharmaceutical policy Health Policy and European Union Enlargementwill be of interest to students of health policy, economics, public policy and management, as well as health managers and policy-makers. Contributors:Tit Albreht, Roza Adany, Ivana Bozicevic, James Buchan, Richard Coker, Evgenia Delcheva, Carl-Ardy Dubois, Anna B. Gilmore, Antero Heloma, Rainer Hess, Elke Jakubowski, Nicholas Jennett, Panos Kanavos, Manuel Lobato, Karen Lock, Laura MacLehose, Martin McKee, Sally Nicholas, Ellen Nolte, Stjepan Oreskovic, Esa Osterberg, Anne Marie Rafferty, Magdalene Rosenmöller, Alison Wright-Reid, Monika Zajac, Witold Zatonski.
Download or read book Improving Health Care Safety and Quality written by Judith Healy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the public concern caused by recent hospital scandals and accounts of unintended harm to patients, this author draws on her experience of analysing the health care systems of over a dozen countries and examines whether greater regulation has increased patient safety and health care quality. The book adopts a new approach to mapping developments in health care systems in Europe, North America and Australia and pieces together evidence of which regulatory strategies and mechanisms work well to ensure safer patient care. It identifies the regulatory bodies, the regulatory principles and the implementation strategies adopted to improve governance in health care systems and suggests a conceptual framework for responsive regulation. The book will be of interest to government actors, health care professionals and medico-legal scholars.
