Download or read book Global Aspects in Gravitation and Cosmology written by Pankaj S. Joshi and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1994-01-20 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global aspects in gravitation theory and cosmology are reviewed here to emphasize the basic theme that the very nature of gravitational force is such that global considerations of space-time are vital to understand this force in detail. Amongst the topics included are the structure and topology of space-time, exact solutions and singularities, quantum effects in strong gravity fields, and global upper limits in cosmology. Major open problems of significance are pointed out and the treatment here on the final fate of gravitational collapse shows that very strong-curvature naked singularities could result from the continual collapse of matter. This places important constraints on the formulation of the cosmic censorship hypothesis which is a crucial open question in relativistic astrophysics and the black hole physics. - ;This book reviews in a unified manner global aspects in gravitation theory and cosmology, emphasizing the basic heme that the very nature of the gravitational field is such that global features of space-time inevitably come into play whenever we try to understand and interpret this force in detail. The topics considered here include results on the structure and topology of space-time; exact solutions to Einstein equations and singularities ; gravitational collapse in general relativity, a brief review of the status of quantum gravity; and consideration of quantum effects near space-time singularities in strong curvature fields. Also covered are the global upper limits in cosmology on elementary particle masses which might constitute the dark matter of the universe. After discussing in detail the fundamental role played by global considerations in gravity and general relativity, it is pointed out that significant problems remain: the nature and structure of space-time singularities; the cosmic censorship problem in black hole physics; and the issue of quantum effects in strong gravity fields, an understanding of which appears essential to formulate any quantum theory of gravity. The treatment here of the final fate of gravitational collapse of massive stars shows by means of explicit consideration of several exact scenarios, that powerfully-strong curvature naked singularities could result from the continual gravitational collapse of matter with several reasonable equations of state, including inflowing radiation, dust, or a perfect fluid. This places important constraints on possible formulations of the cosmic censorship hypothesis and the final fate of gravitational collapse, which is a crucial open question in the general theory of relativity and relativistic astrophysics and which is basic to the entire theory and applications of black hole physics. -
Download or read book Fundamental Principles of General Relativity Theories written by H. Treder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present monograph is not a self-contained introductory text. Instead it presupposes to a large extent that the reader is not only thoroughly familiar with the special theory of relativity, but that he or she has studied the standard aspects of the general theory, as weIl. Starting from local and global formulations of the principlcs of inertia and relativity, we discuss the microscopic ancl telcscopic aspects of gravitation. Our central goal has been to demonstrate that the foundations of gravitational theory laid by Newton and Einstein imply questions on thc relation betwecn the micro- and macrocosm. The discussions surrounding these physical points can be rather weH understood without an elaborate mathcmatical formalism. All the same, we have attempted to make the main theme of our presentation accessible also to readers outside the circle of pundits by including two appendixes of a largely instructional nature. Appendix A gives a brief review of the basic concepts of four-dimensional spaces, for the convenience of readers who need 9 Preface such a recapitulation, while Appendix B deals with the more exotic notions of tetrad theory, which admittedly stands in wider need of elucidation. Both appendixes are meant in any event to serve the useful purpose of establishing our notation and collecting formulas for easy reference in the main body of the book. The general reader may accordingly find it helpful first to peruse one or both of the appendixes before turning to the Introduction and Chapter 1. H. -j.
Download or read book Gravitation written by T. Padmanabhan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all aspects of gravitation in a contemporary style, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students and researchers in all areas of theoretical physics. The 'Foundation' section develops the formalism in six chapters, and uses it in the next four chapters to discuss four key applications - spherical spacetimes, black holes, gravitational waves and cosmology. The six chapters in the 'Frontier' section describe cosmological perturbation theory, quantum fields in curved spacetime, and the Hamiltonian structure of general relativity, among several other advanced topics, some of which are covered in-depth for the first time in a textbook. The modular structure of the book allows different sections to be combined to suit a variety of courses. Over 200 exercises are included to test and develop the reader's understanding. There are also over 30 projects, which help readers make the transition from the book to their own original research.
Download or read book The Story of Collapsing Stars written by Pankaj S. Joshi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book journeys into one of the most fascinating intellectual adventures of recent decades - understanding and exploring the final fate of massive collapsing stars in the universe. The issue is of great interest in fundamental physics and cosmology today, from both the perspective of gravitation theory and of modern astrophysical observations. This is a revolution in the making and may be intimately connected to our search for a unified understanding of the basic forces of nature, namely gravity that governs the cosmological universe, and the microscopic forces that include quantum phenomena. According to the general theory of relativity, a massive star that collapses catastrophically under its own gravity when it runs out of its internal nuclear fuel must give rise to a space-time singularity. Such singularities are regions in the universe where all physical quantities take their extreme values and become arbitrarily large. The singularities may be covered within a black hole, or visible to faraway observers in the universe. Thus, the final fate of a collapsing massive star is either a black hole or a visible naked singularity. We discuss here recent results and developments on the gravitational collapse of massive stars and possible observational implications when naked singularities happen in the universe. Large collapsing massive stars and the resulting space-time singularities may even provide a laboratory in the cosmos where one could test the unification possibilities of basic forces of nature.
Download or read book Canonical Gravity and Applications written by Martin Bojowald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canonical methods are a powerful mathematical tool within the field of gravitational research, both theoretical and experimental, and have contributed to a number of recent developments in physics. Providing mathematical foundations as well as physical applications, this is the first systematic explanation of canonical methods in gravity. The book discusses the mathematical and geometrical notions underlying canonical tools, highlighting their applications in all aspects of gravitational research from advanced mathematical foundations to modern applications in cosmology and black hole physics. The main canonical formulations, including the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism and Ashtekar variables, are derived and discussed. Ideal for both graduate students and researchers, this book provides a link between standard introductions to general relativity and advanced expositions of black hole physics, theoretical cosmology or quantum gravity.
Download or read book Physical Foundations of Cosmology written by Viatcheslav Mukhanov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-10 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflationary cosmology has been developed over the last twenty years to remedy serious shortcomings in the standard hot big bang model of the universe. This textbook, first published in 2005, explains the basis of modern cosmology and shows where the theoretical results come from. The book is divided into two parts; the first deals with the homogeneous and isotropic model of the Universe, the second part discusses how inhomogeneities can explain its structure. Established material such as the inflation and quantum cosmological perturbation are presented in great detail, however the reader is brought to the frontiers of current cosmological research by the discussion of more speculative ideas. An ideal textbook for both advanced students of physics and astrophysics, all of the necessary background material is included in every chapter and no prior knowledge of general relativity and quantum field theory is assumed.
Download or read book The General Theory of Relativity written by Farook Rahaman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the general theory of relativity, Lie derivatives, rotating black holes, with a focus on basics of cosmology and astrophysics.
Download or read book Ions and Electrons in Liquid Helium written by Armando Francesco Borghesani and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrons and ions have been used for over 40 years as probes to investigate the fascinating properties of helium liquids. The study of the transport properties of microscopic charge carriers sheds light on superfluidity, on quantum hydrodynamics, and on the interactions with collective excitations in quantum liquids. The structure of the probes themselves depends on their coupling with the liquid environment in a way that gives further insight into the microscopic behavior of the liquid in different thermodynamic conditions, such as in the superfluid phase, in the normal phase, or near the liquid-vapor critical point. This book provides a comprehensive review of the experiments and theories of transport properties of charge carriers in liquid helium. It is a subject about which no other monograph exists to date. The book is intended for graduate and postgraduate students and for condensed matter physicists who will benefit from its completeness and accuracy.
Download or read book Radiation and Climate written by Ilias Vardavas and published by International Monographs on Ph. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book describes the basic physics of solar and infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Radiation theory is related to the development of climate prediction models, and to measurement techniques for monitoring the Earth's energy budget and making remote sensing observations from satellites.
Download or read book Liquid Crystal Elastomers written by Mark Warner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-05 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a primer for liquid crystals, polymers, rubber and elasticity. It is directed at physicists, chemists, material scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians at the graduate student level and beyond.
Download or read book Introduction to 3 1 Numerical Relativity written by Miguel Alcubierre and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-04-10 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the modern field of 3+1 numerical relativity. The book has been written in a way as to be as self-contained as possible, and only assumes a basic knowledge of special relativity. Starting from a brief introduction to general relativity, it discusses the different concepts and tools necessary for the fully consistent numerical simulation of relativistic astrophysical systems, with strong and dynamical gravitational fields. Among the topics discussed in detail are the following: the initial data problem, hyperbolic reductions of the field equations, gauge conditions, the evolution of black hole space-times, relativistic hydrodynamics, gravitational wave extraction and numerical methods. There is also a final chapter with examples of some simple numerical space-times. The book is aimed at both graduate students and researchers in physics and astrophysics, and at those interested in relativistic astrophysics.
Download or read book Physics of Ferromagnetism written by Soshin Chikazumi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a textbook for students and researchers interested in the physical aspects of ferromagnetism. The level of presentation assumes only a basic knowledge of electromagnetic theory and atomic physics and a general familiarity with rather elementary mathematics. Throughout the book the emphasis is primarily on explanations of physical concepts rather than on rigorous theoretical treatments which require a background in quantum mechanics and high level mathematics. The purpose of this book is to give a general view of magnetic phenomena, focusing it's main interest at the centre of the broad field of ferromagnetism, ranging from theory to the engineering applications such as soft and hard magnetic materials and magnetic memories. Substantially different from the author's previous book Physics of Magnetism published in 1964, the present edition is neatly organized and includes more recent developments.
Download or read book Chern Simons Theory Matrix Models and Topological Strings written by Marcos Marino and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the old idea that gauge theories and string theories are equivalent has been implemented and developed in various ways, and there are by now various models where the string theory / gauge theory correspondence is at work. One of the most important examples of this correspondence relates Chern-Simons theory, a topological gauge theory in three dimensions which describes knot and three-manifold invariants, to topological string theory, which is deeply related to Gromov-Witten invariants. This has led to some surprising relations between three-manifold geometry and enumerative geometry. This book gives the first coherent presentation of this and other related topics. After an introduction to matrix models and Chern-Simons theory, the book describes in detail the topological string theories that correspond to these gauge theories and develops the mathematical implications of this duality for the enumerative geometry of Calabi-Yau manifolds and knot theory. It is written in a pedagogical style and will be useful reading for graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and physics willing to learn about these developments.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Scattering from Random Media written by Timothy R. Field and published by International Monographs on Ph. This book was released on 2009 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book develops the dynamical theory of scattering from random media from first principles. Its key findings are to characterize the time evolution of the scattered field in terms of stochastic differential equations, and to illustrate this framework in simulation and experimental data analysis. The physical models contain all correlation information and higher order statistics, which enables radar and laser scattering experiments to be interpreted. An emphasis is placed on the statistical character of the instantaneous fluctuations, as opposed to ensemble average properties. This leads to various means for detection, which have important consequences in radar signal processing and statistical optics. The book is also significant also because it illustrates how ideas in mathematical finance can be applied to physics problems in which non-Gaussian noise processes play an essential role. This pioneering book represents a significant advance in this field, and should prove valuable to leading edge researchers and practitioners at the postgraduate level and above.
Download or read book Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems written by Walter T. Grandy, Jr. and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explicates the concept of entropy, particularly its governance of all of thermal physics, over a broad range of equilibrium and nonequilibrium phenomena. Historical development and modern research are presented in the context of entropy as a fundamental element of probability theory and its relation to the notion of information.
Download or read book Theory of Nonequilibrium Superconductivity written by Nikolai Kopnin and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2001-05-03 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text on the modern theory of superconductivity. It deals with the behaviour of superconductors in external fields varying in time, and with transport phenomena in superconductors. The book starts with the fundamentals of the first-principle, microscopic theory of superconductivity, and guides the reader through the modern theoretical analysis directly to applications of the theory to practical problems. The reader of this book will learn about the methods of quantum field theory applied to nonstationary superconductivity in their most advanced formulation, namely about the so-called semi-classical version of the real-time Green's function technique applied to the celebrated Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer model of superconductivity. A considerable part of the book is devoted to vortex dynamics, dealing with the behaviour of superconductors in the most practical situation when they carry electric currents in the presence of a magnetic field.
Download or read book Excitations in Organic Solids written by Vladimir M. Agranovich and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade our expertise in nanotechnology has advanced considerably. The possibility of incorporating in the same nanostructure different organic and inorganic materials has opened up a promising field of research, and has greatly increased the interest in the study of properties of excitations in organic materials. In this book not only the fundamentals of Frenkel exciton and polariton theory are described, but also the electronic excitations and electronic energy transfers in quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots, at surfaces, at interfaces, in thin films, in multilayers, and in microcavities. Among the new topics in the book are those devoted to the optics of hybrid Frenkel-Wannier-Mott excitons in nanostructures, polaritons in organic microcavities including hybrid organic-inorganic microcavities, new concepts for organic light emitting devices, the mixing of Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in organic quasi one-dimensional crystals, excitons and polaritons in one and two-dimensional crystals, surface electronic excitations, optical biphonons, and Fermi resonances by polaritons. All new phenomena described in the book are illustrated by available experimental observations. The book will be useful for scientists working in the field of photophysics and photochemistry of organic solids (for example, organic light-emitting devices and solar cells), and for students who are entering this field. It is partly based on a book by the author written in 1968 - "Theory of Excitons" - in Russian. However the new book includes only 5 chapters from this version, all of which have been updated. The 10 new chapters contain discussions of new phenomena, their theory and their experimental observations.
