Download or read book German Foreign Policy in the Gulf written by Helmut Hubel and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2005-02-15 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German foreign policy towards the Arab Gulf can only be understood within the context of the European Union and the policies of its major EU partners. For analytical purposes, German and European policies towards Iran, Iraq and the GCC countries have to be investigated separately. Regarding Iran, the European consensus on the need to engage the Iranian leaderships has enabled Germany to pursue its interests in maintaining political cooperation and economic ties. Yet, the policy of "critical dialogue" had only very modest results, and it remains doubtful whether the recent British-French-German initiative concerning international safeguards on Iran's nuclear program will be successful. Concerning Iraq, Germany under the "Red-Green" government has abandoned its traditional role as an intra-European mediator between the independent French Middle East policy and the British position of close cooperation with the US. While a common position with France on the question of the legitimacy of military action against the Iraqi regime reflects intensive German-French cooperation on a broad range of European problems, it also marks the first time that the Federal Republic openly disagreed with the US on a matter of war and peace. With regard to the relations with the GCC countries, the strong US military presence will continue to put limits on the level of Germany's and the EU's influence. German and European policy-makers will have to take into account that the political elites of the Arab Gulf states will look toward Washington rather than Paris or Berlin for the foreseeable future. On the other hand, Germany's current energy policy, emphasizing the importance of renewable sources and suppliers from outside the Middle East, could further shift the focus of Germany's economic interests in the region toward expanding trade in a way that increases market shares for Germany's export-oriented economy, while not threatening the survival of domestic industries through competitive imports. Because of the significant impact the Gulf's oil resources have on the stability of the global energy market, Germany's economic well-being will ensure its continuing interest in the region.
Download or read book German Foreign Policy towards the Gulf Region written by Eberhard Sandschneider and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand Germany’s foreign policy towards the Gulf Region it is necessary to keep in mind that among all of its major institutions, political parties and foreign policy actors there is a broad consensus on a set of parameters best defined within three imperatives: “never again” (referring to historical legacies, especially the Holocaust); “never alone” (referring to multilateral approaches predominantly within a European Union [EU] and transatlantic context); and “with peaceful means only” (referring to Germany’s role model as a civilian power). All major political actors agree that this is the basis of German foreign policy in any part of the world, and certainly in the most sensitive area of the Greater Middle East. Furthermore, it is necessary to keep in mind that historical legacies – in particular German policies towards Israel – do play a predominant role and will probably continue to do so in the foreseeable future. In practical terms, however, there is no comprehensive policy towards the Greater Middle East. German foreign policy itself is divided into different approaches between the Maghreb, the Mashreq, and the Gulf region and it is, of course, implemented with the help of EU coordination whenever possible. Widespread reluctance to develop initiatives and approaches beyond a European context allow for a simple characterization—Germany’s foreign policy towards the Greater Middle East is still dominated by economic interest and only in very rare aspects by security or strategic considerations. From a general perspective, its lack of a coordinated strategic approach characterizes one of the central weaknesses of Germany’s foreign policy, which has become increasingly global over the last few years and should concentrate on developing a strategy specifically adapted to the needs of the region. However, expectations that such a policy will be eventually implemented can hardly be based on optimism. Germany’s Gulf region policy will continue to be dominated by historical legacies; a clearly felt partnership with (in less positive words, ‘dependency on’) the United States; Germany’s consolidation in EU integration; and by a preoccupation with economic issues (the debate about Iran’s nuclear program being the only marked exception). This paper explores legacies and parameters of German and EU policies towards the Arabian Gulf region and discusses necessary changes in order to expand mutual cooperation.
Download or read book Strategic Dilemmas and the Evolution of German Foreign Policy since Unification written by Jeffrey Lantis and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lantis examines continuity and change in German foreign policy in the decade since unification. Between 1949 and 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany pursued one of the most consistent foreign policy patterns of any Western power. Restrictions on an assertive German military posture became deeply rooted in the public psyche, in foreign policy tradition, and in the Basic Law. However, the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the unification of Germany have fundamentally changed the international and domestic parameters of German foreign policy. A review of contemporary developments shows that a dramatic evolution of German foreign policy is currently underway—from checkbook diplomacy in the Gulf War to the humanitarian relief mission in the Horn of Africa, and from Contact Group diplomacy to airstrikes in Kosovo. To explore this evolution of German foreign policy since unification, Lantis presents an innovative model of external-internal linkages derived from two important areas of scholarship on the role of international crises as catalysts for foreign policy change and the importance of domestic political conditions that ultimately determine the scope and pace of such change. Five original case studies place German political debates about how best to respond to challenges of the post-Cold War era in social and historical context by drawing on discursive analyses of government documents, parliamentary debates, and elite interviews. These cases illustrate the rise of a new consensus on the political left for engagement in global affairs, reinterpretations of historical lessons for contemporary German policy, and the constitutional challenges of global activism since unification. Of particular interest to scholars, students, and researchers involved with German politics, international security policy, and comparative foreign policy.
Download or read book Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918 1945 from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry written by Germany. Auswärtiges Amt and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Politics of German Defence and Security written by Tom Dyson and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-Cold War era has witnessed a dramatic transformation in the German political consensus about the legitimacy of the use of force. However, in comparison with its EU and NATO partners, Germany has been reticent to transform its military to meet the challenges of the contemporary security environment. Until 2003 territorial defence rather than crisis-management remained the armed forces' core role and the Bundeswehr continues to retain conscription. The book argues that 'strategic culture' provides only a partial explanation of German military reform. It demonstrates how domestic material factors were of crucial importance in shaping the pace and outcome of reform, despite the impact of 'international structure' and adaptational pressures from the EU and NATO. The domestic politics of base closures, ramifications for social policy, financial restrictions consequent upon German unification and commitment to EMU's Stability and Growth Pact were critical in determining the outcome of reform. The study also draws out the important role of policy leaders in the political management of reform as entrepreneurs, brokers or veto players, shifting the focus in German leadership studies away from a preoccupation with the Chancellor to the role of ministerial and administrative leadership within the core executive. Finally, the book contributes to our understanding of the Europeanization of the German political system, arguing that policy leaders played a key role in 'uploading' and 'downloading' processes to and from the EU and that Defence Ministers used 'Atlanticization' and 'Europeanization' in the interests of their domestic political agendas.
Download or read book German Foreign Policy written by Scott Erb and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite an array of predictions that Germany's foreign policy would be unable to adapt easily to the postunification, post-Cold War environment, it has in fact remained effective, even as it evolves in response to myriad challenges. Scott Erb analyzes German policy, with an emphasis on the transitions from 1980 to the present. Erb argues that Germany's success in dealing with a rapidly changing world rests on principles of multilateralism and cooperative institution building developed during the Cold War. These principles are especially well suited now, he finds, as interdependence and turbulence bring traditional notions of sovereignty and self-interest into question. Germany, he concludes, offers a sound model of foreign policy in an age of globalization.
Download or read book Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918 1945 The war years March 18 June 22 1940 written by Germany. Auswärtiges Amt and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book German Foreign Policy Since Unification written by Volker Rittberger and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the extent to which German foreign policy has changed since unification, and analyzes the fundamental reasons behind this change. The book has three main aims. The essays develop theories of foreign policy to predict and explain Germany's foreign policy behavior. They test competing predictions about German foreign policy behavior since unification in several issue areas. They also assess the much-debated question as to whether post-unification Germany's foreign policy is marked by continuity or change.
Download or read book Document on German Foreign Policy 1918 1945 written by United States Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Germany s Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic written by Karl Cordell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a thorough examination of critical aspects of twentieth century history this book explores how the events of the twentieth century still cast a shadow over relations between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.
Download or read book Parting Ways written by Stephen F. Szabo and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germany and the United States entered the post-9/11 era as allies, but they will leave it as partners of convenience—or even possibly as rivals. The first comprehensive examination of the German-American relationship written since the invasion of Iraq, Parting Ways is indispensable for those seeking to chart the future course of the transatlantic alliance. In early 2003, it became apparent that many nations, including close allies of the United States, would not participate in the U.S.-led coalition against Iraq. Despite the high-profile tension between the United States and France, some of the most bitter opposition came from Germany, marking the end not only of the German-American "special relationship," but also of the broader transatlantic relationship's preeminence in Western strategic thought. Drawing on extensive research and personal interviews with decisionmakers and informed observers in both the United States and Germany, Stephen F. Szabo frames the clash between Gerhard Schröder and George W. Bush over U.S. policy in Iraq in the context of the larger changes shaping the relationship between the two countries. Szabo considers such longer-term factors as the decreasing strategic importance of the U.S.-German relationship for each nation in the post-cold war era, the emergence of a new German identity within Germany itself, and a U.S. foreign policy led by what is arguably the most ideological administration of the post-World War II era.
Download or read book Nazi Germany and the Arab World written by Francis R. Nicosia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the intent and policy of Nazi Germany in the Arab world from 1933 to 1944. It analyzes Germany's support for continued European domination of the Arab states of North Africa and the Middle East and Germany's rejection of truly sovereign Arab states in those regions.
Download or read book German Foreign Policy Towards Emerging Powers written by Tomasz Morozowski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Documents on German foreign policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discourse and Affect in Foreign Policy written by Jakub Eberle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign and security policy have long been removed from the political pressures that influence other areas of policymaking. This has led to a tendency to separate the analytical levels of the individual and the collective. Using Lacanian theory, which views the subject as ontologically incomplete and desiring a perfect identity which is realised in fantasies, or narrative scenarios, this book shows that the making of foreign policy is a much more complex process. Emotions and affect play an important role, even where ‘hard’ security issues, such as the use of military force, are concerned. Eberle constructs a new theoretical framework for analysing foreign policy by capturing the interweaving of both discursive and affective aspects in policymaking. He uses this framework to explain Germany’s often contradictory foreign policy towards the Iraq crisis of 2002/2003, and the emotional, even existential, public debate that accompanied it. This book adds to ongoing theoretical debates in International Political Sociology and Critical Security Studies and will be required reading for all scholars working in these areas.
Download or read book Allies At War written by Philip Gordon and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough analysis of where U.S./European relations have gone wrong--and how to set them right ALLIES AT WAR is the first and most comprehensive assessment of what went wrong between America and Europe during the crisis over Iraq and is based on extensive interviews with policymakers in the United States and Europe. It puts the crisis over Iraq in historical context by examining US-Europe relations since World War II and shows how the alliance traditionally managed to overcome its many internal difficulties and crises. It describes how the deep strategic differences that emerged at the end of the Cold War and the disputes over the Balkans and the Middle East during the Clinton years already had some analysts questioning whether the Alliance could survive. It shows how the Bush administration’s unilateral diplomacy and world-view helped bring already simmering tensions to a boil, and describes in depth the events leading up to the Iraq crisis of 2003. Gordon and Shapiro explain how powerful forces such rising American power and the September 11 terrorist attacks have made relations between America and Europe increasingly difficult. But the authors argue that the split over Iraq was not inevitable: it was the result of misguided decisions and unnecessary provocations on both sides. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that claims that the Iraq war signaled the effective end of the Atlantic Alliance, the authors warn that assuming the end of the Alliance could quickly become a self-fulfilling prophesy: leaving the United States isolated, resented, and responsible for bearing the burdens of maintaining international security largely alone. In response to those who argue that the Atlantic Alliance is no longer viable or necessary, ALLIES AT WAR demonstrates that even after Iraq, the United States and Europe can work together, and indeed must if they wish to effectively address the most pressing problems of our age. The book makes concrete proposals for restoring transatlantic relations and updating the alliance to meet new challenges like global terrorism and the transformation of an unstable Middle East.
Download or read book New Europe New Germany Old Foreign Policy written by Douglas Webber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the extent to which German foreign policy and European policy has changed since German unification. Despite significant changes on specific issues, most notably on the deployment of military force outside of the NATO area, there is greater continuity than change in post-unification German policy.
