Download or read book Geohydrology and Water Quality of Stratified drift Aquifers in the Saco and Ossipee River Basins East central New Hampshire written by Richard B. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geohydrology and Water Quality of Stratified drift Aquifers in the Saco and Ossipee River Basins East central New Hampshire written by Richard B. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geohydrology and Water Quality of Stratified drift Aquifers in the Middle Connecticut River Basin West central New Hampshire written by Sarah M. Flanagan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geohydrology and Water Quality of Stratified drift Aquifers in the Upper Connecticut and Androscoggin River Basins Northern New Hampshire written by Joseph R. Olimpio and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water resources Investigations Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water quality Assessment of the New England Coastal Basins in Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire and Rhode Island written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Publications of the U S Geological Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Publications of the U S Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Open file Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geohydrology Water Quality and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Stratified drift Aquifer System in Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys Town of Dryden Tompkins County New York written by Todd S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tompkins County Planning Department and the Town of Dryden, New York, began a study of the stratified-drift aquifer system in the Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County. The study provided geohydrologic data needed by the town and county to develop a strategy to manage and protect their water resources. In this study area, three extensive confined sand and gravel aquifers (the upper, middle, and lower confined aquifers) compose the stratified-drift aquifer system. The Dryden Lake Valley is a glaciated valley oriented parallel to the direction of ice movement. Erosion by ice extensively widened and deepened the valley, truncated bedrock hillsides, and formed a nearly straight, U-shaped bedrock trough. The maximum thickness of the valley fill in the central part of the valley is about 400 feet (ft). The Virgil Creek Valley in the east part of the study area underwent less severe erosion by ice than the Dryden Lake Valley, and hence, it has a bedrock floor that is several hundred feet higher in altitude than that in the Dryden Lake Valley. The sources and amounts of recharge were difficult to identify in most areas because the confined aquifers are overlain by confining units. However, in the vicinity of the Virgil Creek Dam, the upper confined aquifer crops out at land surface in the floodplain of a gorge eroded by Virgil Creek, and this is where the aquifer receives large amounts of recharge from precipitation that directly falls over the aquifer and from seepage losses from Virgil Creek. The results of streamflow measurements made in Virgil Creek where it flows through the gorge indicated that the stream lost 1.2 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) or 0.78 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water in the reach extending from 220 ft downstream from the dam to 1,200 ft upstream from the dam. In the southern part of the study area, large amounts of recharge also replenish the stratified-drift aquifers at the Valley Heads Moraine, which consists of heterogeneous sediments including coarse-grained outwash and kame sediments, as well as zones containing till with a fine-grained matrix. In the southern part of the study area, the confining units are thin and likely to be discontinuous in some places, resulting in windows of permeable sediment, which can more readily transmit recharge from precipitation and from tributaries that lose water as they flow over the valley floor. In contrast, in the northern part of the study area, the confining units are thick, continuous, and comprise homogeneous fine-grained sediments that more effectively confine the aquifers than in the southern part of the study area. Most groundwater in the northern part of the study area discharges to the Village of Dryden municipal production wells, to the outlet to Dryden Lake, to Virgil Creek, and as groundwater underflow that exits the northern boundary of the study area. Most northward-flowing groundwater in the southern part of the study area discharges to Dryden Lake, to the inlet to Dryden Lake, and to homeowner, nonmunicipal community (a mobile home community and several apartments), and commercial wells. Most of this pumped water is returned to the groundwater system via septic systems. Most southward-flowing groundwater in the southern part of the study area discharges to the headwaters of Owego Creek and to agricultural wells; some flow also exits the southern boundary of the study area as groundwater underflow. The largest user of groundwater in the study area is the Village of Dryden. Water use in the village has approximately tripled between the early 1970s when withdrawals ranged between 18 and 30 million gallons per year (Mgal/yr) and from 2000 through 2008 when withdrawals ranged between 75 and 85 Mgal/yr. The estimated groundwater use by homeowners, nonmunicipal communities, and small commercial facilities outside the area supplied by the Village of Dryden municipal wells is estimated to be about 18.4 Mgal/yr. Most of this pumped water is returned to the groundwater system via septic systems. For this investigation, an aquifer test was conducted at the Village of Dryden production well TM 981 (finished in the middle confined aquifer at a well depth of 72 ft) at the Jay Street pumping station during June 19-21, 2007. The aquifer test consisted of pumping production well TM 981 at 104 gallons per minute over a 24-hour period. The drawdown in well TM 981 at the end of 24 hours of pumping was 19.2 ft. Results of the aquifer-test analysis for a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer indicated that the transmissivity was 1,560 feet squared per day, and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity was 87 feet per day, based on a saturated thickness of 18 ft. During 2003-5, 14 surface-water samples were collected at 8 sites, including Virgil Creek, Dryden Lake outlet, and several tributaries. During 2003 through 2009, eight groundwater samples were collected from eight wells, including three municipal production wells, two test wells, and three domestic wells. Calcium dominates the cation composition, and bicarbonate dominates the anion composition in most groundwater and surface-water samples. None of the common inorganic constituents collected exceeded any Federal or State water-quality standards. Results from a three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model were used to compute a water budget and to estimate the areal extent of the zone of groundwater contribution to the Village of Dryden municipal production wells. The model-computed water budget indicated that the sources of recharge to the confined aquifer system are precipitation that falls directly on the valley-fill sediments (40 percent of total recharge), stream leakage (35.5 percent), seepage from wetlands and ponds (12 percent), unchanneled runoff and groundwater inflow from the uplands (8.5 percent), and groundwater underflow into the eastern end of the model area (4 percent). Most groundwater discharges to surface-water bodies, including Dryden Lake (33 percent), streams (33 percent), and wetlands and ponds (10 percent of the total). In addition, some groundwater discharges as underflow out of the southern and northern ends of the model area (15 percent), to simulated pumping wells (4.5 percent), and to drains that represent seepage from the bluffs exposed in the gorge in the vicinity of the Virgil Creek Dam (4.5 percent). The areal extents of the zones of groundwater contribution for Village of Dryden municipal production wells TM 202 (Lake Road pump station, finished in the upper confined aquifer) and TM 981 (Jay Street pump station, finished in the middle confined aquifer) are 0.5 square mile (mi2) and 0.9 mi2, respectively. The areal extent of the zone of contribution to production well TM 202 extends 2.2 miles (mi) southeast into the Virgil Creek Valley, whereas production well TM 981 extends 3.8 mi south in the Dryden Lake Valley. The areal extent of the zone of contribution to production well TM1046 (South Street pump station) is 1.4 mi2 and extends 2.4 mi into Dryden Lake Valley and 0.5 mi into Virgil Creek Valley.

Download or read book Water resources Investigations Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conceptual Understanding and Groundwater Quality of Selected Basin fill Aquifers in the Southwestern United States written by Susan A. Thiros and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has been conducting a regional analysis of water quality in the principal aquifer systems in the southwestern United States (hereinafter, "Southwest") since 2005. Part of the NAWQA Program, the objective of the Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study is to develop a better understanding of water quality in basin-fill aquifers in the region by synthesizing information from case studies of 15 basins into a common set of important natural and human-related factors found to affect groundwater quality. The synthesis consists of three major components: 1. Summary of current knowledge about the groundwater systems, and the status of, changes in, and influential factors affecting quality of groundwater in basin-fill aquifers in 15 basins previously studied by NAWQA (this report). 2. Development of a conceptual model of the primary natural and human-related factors commonly affecting groundwater quality, thereby building a regional understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to contaminants. 3. Development of statistical models that relate the concentration or occurrence of specific chemical constituents in groundwater to natural and human-related factors linked to the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to contamination. Basin-fill aquifers occur in about 200,000 mi2 of the 410,000 mi2 SWPA study area and are the primary source of groundwater supply for cities and agricultural communities. Four of the principal aquifers or aquifer systems of the United States are included in the basin-fill aquifers of the study area: (1) the Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers in California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona; (2) the Rio Grande aquifer system in New Mexico and Colorado; (3) the California Coastal Basin aquifers; and (4) the Central Valley aquifer system in California. Because of the generally limited availability of surface-water supplies in the arid to semiarid climate, cultural and economic activities in the Southwest are particularly dependent on supplies of good-quality groundwater. Irrigation and public-supply withdrawals from basin-fill aquifers in the study area account for about one quarter of the total withdrawals from all aquifers in the United States. Many factors influence the quality of groundwater in the 15 case-study basins, but some common factors emerge from the basin summaries presented in this report. These factors include the chemical composition of the recharge water, consolidated rock geology and composition of aquifer materials derived from consolidated rock, and land and water use. The major water-quality issues in many of the developed case-study basins are increased concentrations of dissolved solids, nitrate, and VOCs in groundwater as a result of human activities. The information presented and the citations listed in this report serve as a resource for those interested in the groundwater-flow systems in the NAWQA case-study basins. The summaries of water-development history, hydrogeology, conceptual understanding of the groundwater system under both predevelopment and modern conditions, and effects of natural and human-related factors on groundwater quality presented in the sections on each basin also serve as a foundation for the synthesis and modeling phases of the SWPA regional study."--Executive summary.

Download or read book A Reconnaissance of Hydrogeology and Ground Water Quality in Three Hillside Basins at the Perimeter of the Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Kootenai County Idaho written by Deanna L. Clarkson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "From July to September, 1997, a reconnaissance investigation was completed of the hydrogeology and ground water quality in three hillside basins adjoining the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer in Kootenai County, Idaho. These basins contribute recharge to the Rathdrum Prairie-Spokane Valley aquifer system, a drinking water source protected by both state and federal designations requiring maintenance of the high quality of its water. The investigation of hillside basins was implemented in response to the 1996 discovery of nitrate contamination in public drinking water supplies at the southern margin of the Rathdrum Prairie in South Post Falls, Idaho. Nitrate contamination is linked to septic discharge and fertilizers, and causes a potentially fatal illness in infants. To assess the quality of ground water in the hillside regions, three study areas were chosen to represent basins of relatively high, intermediate, and low residential development density as measured by the number of onsite septic systems they contained. These basins were: high density, Nettleton Gulch, east of Coeur d'Alene; intermediate density, the South Greenferry Road basin south of the Spokane River; and low density, Hidden Valley, southwest of Rathdrum. Ground water samples were collected from ten existing wells in each basin. To establish the quality of the ground water, the samples were analyzed for conductivity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, total major ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate, chloride), total iron, and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen. Analysis of the ground water samples was accomplished in the field and by the Coeur d'Alene branch of the Idaho State Laboratory. Two sampling rounds were completed: in July, when the water table was high, and in September, when the water table was falling. No statistically significant differences were found between the July and September water samples. The measurements of the depth to the water table in each basin established that ground water flow in the basins was toward the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer. The ground water in the study basins was compared with the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer water, as represented by the results of the July 1997 Panhandle Health District monitoring of 29 public drinking water wells on the Rathdrum Prairie. The ground water in the study basins and Rathdrum Prairie aquifer presented similar calcium bicarbonate major ion profiles, although in Hidden Valley and Nettleton Gulch, the ground water, as evidenced by its higher conductivity, was more mineralized than the water of the main aquifer. In the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, the median nitrate concentration was 0.971 milligrams per liter (mg/L), while the median chloride concentration was 2.0 mg/L. In the low density development, Hidden Valley, the median nitrate concentration was the lowest of the study basins at 0.241 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The median chloride concentration in samples of Hidden Valley was 1.3 mg/L, also the lowest among the study basins. In Nettleton Gulch, where development density was high, the median nitrate was 1.09 mg/L, intermediate among the study basins, while the median chloride concentration was the highest at 4.0 mg/L. The highest nitrate concentrations were detected in the basin of intermediate development, the South Greenferry Road study basin, where the median nitrate concentration was 2.61 mg/L, and the median chloride concentration was 3.0 mg/L. The highest nitrate concentration of the study was 10.5 mg/L found in a well at the site of a small farm and commercial greenhouse in the South Greenferry Road basin. The highest nitrate concentration in Nettleton Gulch was 3.90 mg/L. The elevated chloride and nitrate concentrations in the South Greenferry Road basin and Nettleton Gulch suggest the influence of septic discharge on the ground water. In addition, fertilizer was a probable source of the unexpectedly high nitrate concentrations in the South Greenferry Road basin. The areas of the basins most vulnerable to ground water contamination are those with highly permeable, low water capacity soils. An estimate of total nitrogen loading in the study basins suggests that the use of fertilizers may introduce a load at least equivalent to septic discharge. One small farm in the South Greenferry Road basin alone produces an annual nitrogen load equivalent to the estimated nitrogen load from the basin's total septic discharge. The results of the current study imply that limiting the use of onsite septic systems and constructing sewers is an essential part of protecting the ground water of Kootenai County, because septic discharge is the critical component of the nitrate load that can be addressed through land use planning and regulation. Control of the additional source of nitrate contamination, fertilizer use, is dependent on the voluntary compliance of residents educated in best management practices"--Document.