Download or read book Geoeconomic Fragmentation and International Diversification Benefits written by Tatsushi Okuda and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper applies the two-country open-economy model with trade in stocks and bonds of Coeurdacier et al. (2010) to quantify the loss of international diversification benefits for major advanced economies, which have a significant presence in international financial markets, under geoeconomic fragmentation. We perform counterfactual simulations under different hypothetical fragmentation scenarios in which these economies are unable to trade with geopolitically distant countries, as measured by voting disagreement on foreign policy issues at the United Nations General Assembly meetings during 2012-2021. The simulation results imply a potentially significant loss of international diversification benefits of financial openness for the considered advanced economies by limiting trading to partner countries that are geopolitical allies with highly synchronized business cycles.
Download or read book Geo Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism written by Mr. Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-01-15 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). This note explores the ramifications. It identifies multiple channels through which the benefits of globalization were earlier transmitted, and along which, conversely, the costs of GEF are likely to fall, including trade, migration, capital flows, technology diffusion and the provision of global public goods. It explores the consequences of GEF for the international monetary system and the global financial safety net. Finally, it suggests a pragmatic path forward for preserving the benefits of global integration and multilateralism
Download or read book Diversified Development written by Indermit S. Gill and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eurasian economies have to become efficient more productive, job-creating, and stable. But efficiency is not the same as diversification. Governments need to worry less about the composition of exports and production and more about asset portfolios natural resources, built capital, and economic institutions.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook April 2024 written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest World Economic Outlook reports economic activity was surprisingly resilient through the global disinflation of 2022–23, despite significant central bank interest rate hikes to restore price stability. Risks to the global outlook are now broadly balanced compared with last year. Monetary policy should ensure that inflation touches down smoothly, while a renewed focus on fiscal consolidation is needed to rebuild room for budgetary maneuver and to ensure debt sustainability. Structural reforms are crucial to revive medium-term growth prospects amid constrained policy space.
Download or read book Norway written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-09-18 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norway’s economy continues to perform strongly, reflecting strong policy frameworks and policy implementation, solid fiscal and banking system buffers, and a comprehensive social safety net. A few important challenges that need to be addressed include boosting labor supply, containing public expenditure pressures, and raising productivity.
Download or read book Global Financial Stability Report April 2023 written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The baseline forecast is for growth to fall from 3.4 percent in 2022 to 2.8 percent in 2023, before settling at 3.0 percent in 2024. Advanced economies are expected to see an especially pronounced growth slowdown, from 2.7 percent in 2022 to 1.3 percent in 2023. In a plausible alternative scenario with further financial sector stress, global growth declines to about 2.5 percent in 2023 with advanced economy growth falling below 1 percent. Global headline inflation in the baseline is set to fall from 8.7 percent in 2022 to 7.0 percent in 2023 on the back of lower commodity prices but underlying (core) inflation is likely to decline more slowly. Inflation’s return to target is unlikely before 2025 in most cases.
Download or read book ASEAN 5 Further Harnessing the Benefits of Regional Integration Amid Fragmentation Risks written by Nuri Baek and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-09-15 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ASEAN-5 region, which comprises Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, has benefited substantially from its integration to the world economy, particularly through trade. Rising risks of geoeconomic fragmentation could reverse some gains reaped from globalization over the past decades. In this context, advancing regional integration among ASEAN-5 members has the potential to enhance the region’s resilience against external headwinds. This paper shows that despite sizeable progress, particularly in regional trade integration, there is room to advance financial integration, which also lags trade integration in ASEAN-5. Empirical findings from the paper illustrate that a higher degree of regional financial integration could generate sizeable output gains for the region. Using firm-level data, the paper highlights that digitalization, an area where the region is thriving, can support regional integration by helping firms better integrate into global value chains, with the benefits being stronger for small and medium sized enterprises. The results also suggest that digitalization can help firms move up the value chain through the production of more sophisticated products, often coined as higher export sophistication.
Download or read book Singapore written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Singapore’s post pandemic recovery is nearly complete; underpinned by its strong economic fundamentals and the authorities’ decisive policies. While overall output surpassed pre-COVID levels in 2021, the growth momentum has slowed and activities in consumer-facing (except retail) and construction sectors remain below pre-pandemic levels. Inflation remains elevated but has started moderating. Risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside, arising mainly from an abrupt global slowdown or a recession in Singapore’s largest trading partners, tighter global financial conditions, and a deepening of geoeconomic fragmentation.
Download or read book World Development Report 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
Download or read book The Pitfalls of Protectionism Import Substitution Vs Export Oriented Industrial Policy written by Reda Cherif and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-26 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial policies pursued in many developing countries in the 1950s-1970s largely failed while the industrial policies of the Asian Miracles succeeded. We argue that a key factor of success is industrial policy with export orientation in contrast to import substitution. Exporting encouraged competition, economies of scale, innovation, and local integration and provided market signals to policymakers. Even in a large market such as India, import substitution policies in the automotive industry failed because of micromanagement and misaligned incentives. We also analyze the risk tradeoffs involved in various industrial policy strategies and their implications on the 21st century industrial policies. While state interventions may be needed to develop some new capabilities and industries, trade protectionism is neither a necessary nor a sufficient tool and will most likely be counterproductive.
Download or read book How Vulnerable is Sub Saharan Africa to Geoeconomic Fragmentation written by Marijn A. Bolhuis and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-05 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the potential effects of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) in the sub-Saharan Africa region (SSA) through quantifying potential long-term economic costs. The paper considers two alternative GEF scenarios in which trade relations are fully or partially curtailed across world economies. Our quantification relies on a multi-country multi-sector general equilibrium model and takes a deep dive into the impact across SSA’s oil-rich, other resource-rich and non-resource-rich countries. The results are based on a detailed dataset including information for 136 tradable primary commodity and 24 manufacturing and services sectors in 145 countries—32 of which are in SSA. We find that under GEF, SSA could experience long-term wellfare losses of approximately 4 percent of GDP, twice the losses of the rest of the world. This strong effect results from the large losses of other resource-rich and non-resource rich countries in SSA, given their high dependence on commodity trade. However, if the world experiences a less severe GEF-induced trade disruption—a strategic decoupling—SSA countries could derive minor gains from the re-shuffling of global market supply, specially in energy products.
Download or read book Algeria written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Algerian economy was still emerging from the Covid pandemic when it was hit by spillovers from Russia’s war in Ukraine and by recurrent droughts. These shocks fueled inflation while high international hydrocarbon prices also boosted government revenue and exports. Algeria’s economy likely recorded a robust growth in 2023 and the external position remained solid, with a current account surplus for the second year in a row and further accumulation of international reserves. Inflation remains elevated and could become entrenched. The 2023–24 budgets aim at supporting the purchasing power of households but risk depleting the buffers that protect the budget from revenue volatility. Structural reforms are advancing with the enactment of the Monetary and Banking law and the implementation of program budgeting and the 2022 Investment Law. Investment in digitalization would strengthen governance and transparency, reduce corruption risks, and improve service delivery.
Download or read book Kuwait written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benefiting from high oil prices, Kuwait’s economic recovery continues, and the fiscal and external balances have strengthened. Inflation is contained and external buffers are increasing. However, structural challenges persist. The dominance of oil in Kuwait’s economy coupled with global decarbonization trends underscore the urgency for economic diversification and structural transformation, and the pursuit of fiscal reforms to reinforce sustainability.
Download or read book Kiribati 2024 Article IV Consultation Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-05-10 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kiribati’s economy recovered strongly from the pandemic on the back of supportive fiscal measures including subsidies, grants, and (most recently) an increase in civil service wages. Inflation, which has decelerated from its recent peak, is projected to pick up again mainly due to increased domestic demand. Kiribati is among the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change. Infrastructure gaps compound already challenging constraints imposed by distance and dispersion, limiting the development of the private sector in the state-dominated economy, and cementing its reliance on imports, especially for essential commodities such as food and fuel.
Download or read book Trinidad and Tobago written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economy continues to recover while inflation is low. Banks’ credit is expanding, and the financial sector appears sound and stable. The current account is in surplus and international reserve coverage is adequate. The fiscal position in FY2023 was better than budgeted, while public debt remained below the authorities’ soft debt target.
Download or read book People s Republic of China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After coping with another year of large COVID-related disruptions, economic activity is normalizing with the re-opening of the border, including with Mainland China. Strong fiscal policy support has helped the economy navigate through multiple shocks over the last few years, while strong institutional frameworks and financial buffers have allowed the financial system to remain resilient and continue to operate smoothly, including the Linked Exchange Rate System. The economy is facing macro-financial challenges amid rising interest rates, spillovers from strains in Mainland China’s real estate sector, adjustment in the local property market, and global economic slowdown.
Download or read book 2024 Staff Guidance Note On The IMF s Engagement With Small Developing States written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance note provides operational guidance on the Fund’s engagement with small developing states (SDS). It highlights the unique economic characteristics and constraints facing SDS, notably in a more shock-prone world. Building on advice that applies to the full membership, the note explains how the characteristics of SDS shape Fund surveillance, financial support and program design, capacity development (CD), and collaboration with other institutions and donors. The note updates the previous version that was published in December 2017.
