Download or read book Stalin s Legacy in Romania written by Stefano Bottoni and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the little-known history of the Hungarian Autonomous Region (HAR), a Soviet-style territorial autonomy that was granted in Romania on Stalin’s personal advice to the Hungarian Székely community in the summer of 1952. Since 1945, a complex mechanism of ethnic balance and power-sharing helped the Romanian Communist Party (RCP) to strengthen—with Soviet assistance—its political legitimacy among different national and social groups. The communist national policy followed an integrative approach toward most minority communities, with the relevant exception of Germans, who were declared collectively responsible for the German occupation and were denied political and even civil rights until 1948. The Hungarians of Transylvania were provided with full civil, political, cultural, and linguistic rights to encourage political integration. The ideological premises of the Hungarian Autonomous Region followed the Bolshevik pattern of territorial autonomy elaborated by Lenin and Stalin in the early 1920s. The Hungarians of Székely Land would become a “titular nationality” provided with extensive cultural rights. Yet, on the other hand, the Romanian central power used the region as an instrument of political and social integration for the Hungarian minority into the communist state. The management of ethnic conflicts increased the ability of the PCR to control the territory and, at the same time, provided the ruling party with a useful precedent for the far larger “nationalization” of the Romanian communist regime which, starting from the late 1950s, resulted in “ethnicized” communism, an aim achieved without making use of pre-war nationalist discourse. After the Hungarian revolution of 1956, repression affected a great number of Hungarian individuals accused of nationalism and irredentism. In 1960 the HAR also suffered territorial reshaping, its Hungarian-born political leadership being replaced by ethnic Romanian cadres. The decisive shift from a class dictatorship toward an ethnicized totalitarian regime was the product of the Gheorghiu-Dej era and, as such, it represented the logical outcome of a long-standing ideological fouling of Romanian communism and more traditional state-building ideologies.
Download or read book Central and Eastern Europe 1944 1993 written by Tibor Iván Berend and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ambitious, comparative analysis of 'Eastern Bloc' economies during a period of revolutionary change.
Download or read book Ghosts of the ETO written by Jonathan Gawne and published by Casemate. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An excellent, balanced history of the 23rd Special Troops . . . may be one of the most important books to come out of World War II.” —Engineer Magazine No history of the war in Europe has ever taken into account the actions of the men of the US 23rd Special Troops. These men took part in over twenty-two deception operations against the German army. Some of these operations had tremendous impact upon how the battles in Europe were fought. The men who participated in these actions were sworn to secrecy for fifty years and are only now willing to talk about their role. The 23rd was composed of four main units. A signal deception unit to broadcast fake radio signals, an engineer camouflage unit to set up rubber dummies of tanks and trucks, a combat engineer unit to construct emplacements and provide local security, and a sonic deception company. The sonic unit was developed to fool German listening posts by playing audio recordings of various sounds, such as tanks moving up or bridges being built. The 23rd was the only tactical deception unit of the American Army in World War II combining all aspects of deception. This book also covers the birthplace of sonic deception, the Army Experimental Station at Pine Camp, and the 23rd’s smaller sister unit, the 3133rd Sonic Deception company that saw action for fourteen days in Italy. “Highly recommended reading as being a simply fascinating military history of a hidden aspect of World War II that would have a profound and lasting influence on military strategy and tactics.” —Midwest Book Review
Download or read book Kill the Fuhrer written by Denis Rigden and published by The History Press. This book was released on 2011-11-08 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Second World War, Britain's top secret Special Operations Executive plotted to assassinate Hitler. A small department of SOE known as Section X had the tantalisingly complex task of investigating how, when and where their plan could be executed. The section also plotted the killing of Goebbels, Himmler and other selected members of Hitler's inner circle. Only Section X and a handful of other SOE staff had any knowledge of these projects, codenamed Operation Foxley and Operation Little Foxleys. As history has shown, these schemes turned out to be pipe dreams. Even so, Section X, renamed the German Directorate in 1944, made a huge contribution to the Allied war effort through their organised sabotage and clandestine distribution of black propaganda. Denis Rigden describes Section X's efforts to discover as much as possible about the intended assassination targets, and questions whether a successful Operation Foxley would have helped or hindered the Allied cause. Based on top secret documents and private sources and illustrated with archive photographs, 'Kill the Fuhrer' is an intriguing insight into the shadowy world of Britain's wartime secret services.
Download or read book Fall of the Third Reich written by World History and published by Lindhardt og Ringhof. This book was released on 2020-09-20 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolf Hitler ruled Germany for 12 years. As the Third Reich began to collapse in on itself in the spring of 1945, the Führer took up residence in Berlin. By the middle of April he’d entrenched himself in a bunker deep beneath the capital, as the Soviets bombed the capital around the clock. Eventually, even Hitler would have to fact the fact the war was lost. The Führer turned down all opportunities to flee, preferring instead to make use of both a gun and a cyanide pill at his doctor’s suggestion – the surest way to kill himself. Hitler was only one among countless casualties in the war’s final months. One of the war’s worst air attacks cost thousands of civilian lives in Dresden, while in the Baltic Sea a German refugee ship was destined to become history’s biggest maritime disaster. World History invites you on a fascinating journey to bygone eras, allowing you to explore the greatest events in history. Take a trip back in time - to the frontlines of World War 2, to the Viking raids, and the religious rituals of ancient Egypt. World History is for everyone who would like to know more about the exciting and dramatic events of the past.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 1400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coalition Strategies of Marxist Parties written by Trond Gilberg and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early part of this decade, many individuals, both policy makers and scholars, wondered about the "new look" of some communist parties as they billed themselves as potential participants in the pluralistic game of politics in many parts of the world. This image was certainly different from the old notion of dedicated revolutionaries who scornfully rejected the existing order and plotted its overflow. How genuine was the new look? Were the communists sincere when they discussed interaction with other elements of political order in which they operated? What were their tactical policies in pursuit of these strategic goals? Some of us began to examine these questions more systematically. We ran a panel at an academic conference, enjoyed the feedback from our colleagues, and began the process of writing this book. Now, several years later, it is a finished product, after many full-scale revisions and updates. The topic is still very relevant, and that shows the enduring importance of the questions asked a number of years ago. Scholars will need to return to this question in the future; perhaps the best strategy is a continuous examination of this crucial subject.
Download or read book From Peoples Into Nations written by John Connelly and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is a history of East Central Europe since the late eighteenth century, the region of Europe between German central Europe and Russia in the East. Connelly argues the region, for which it is frequently hard to define exact boundaries and which is sometimes treated country-by-country in a way seemingly separate from the broader trends of European history, was one of shared experience despite most of the peoples being divided by linguistic, geographic, and political barriers. Beginning in the 1780s, an unwitting Habsburg monarch -- Joseph II -- decreed that his subjects would use only German, as he hoped to mold a common nationality using German over the disparate subjects. Instead, he unleashed the energies and struggle for the emergence of new nations that pitted small peoples armed with an idea against empires. The author argues that the underlying national self-assertion which emerged under imperial rule in the eighteen and nineteenth centuries shows deep connections to subsequent histories, to the creation of nation states of the regions after World War I, the failure of democratic rule in these states during the interwar years, the submersion of the region under Nazi then Soviet rule after 1939, and to the reinvention of sovereign states (and then the break up of two of them) after 1989. The book interconnects major themes and country histories for first time, chronicling this diverse region over many generations, from the time of Joseph, through democratic and socialist revolutions, genocide and Stalinism, through civil society movements struggling for liberal democracy, into our own day, when illiberal politicians come to power by exploiting very old fears"--
Download or read book Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board written by United States. National Labor Relations Board and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 1532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The bad German and the good Italian written by Filippo Focardi and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Axis War on the side of Germany, Mussolini's Italy was responsible for serious war crimes, especially in Yugoslavia and Greece. This 'dark side' of the fascist war, however, is not present in the national memory built after 1945. To distinguish Italy from the former German ally and avoid a punitive peace, the monarchist and anti-fascist ruling classes elaborated a master narrative that highlighted the opposition of the Italian people to Mussolini's war and the humanitarian behavior of Italian soldiers, depicted as saviors of Jews. All responsibility for the crimes committed in the Axis war was placed on the shoulders of the Germans, who thus became a convenient alibi for the national conscience.
Download or read book Sabotage and Subversion Classic Histories Series written by Ian Dear and published by The History Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Second World War daring and highly unusual missions were mounted by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) – formed on Churchill's orders 'to set Europe ablaze' – and its American counterpart, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). In sixteen separate chapters the author describes how the fearless individuals in these clandestine organisations were recruited, trained and armed, and examines some of their guerrilla operations in Europe, Africa and the Far East, such as the raid on Fernando Po, the destruction of the Gorgopotamos Bridge in Greece and the strike against Japanese shipping in Singapore harbour. Also covered are the means SOE and OSS used to subvert the enemy, by employing black propaganda, forgery, pornography and black market currency manipulation. It may well read like fiction but the stories are fact, and shows to what lengths the Allies were prepared to go to crush the Axis powers.
Download or read book The Deceivers written by Thaddeus Holt and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In World War II, the Allies employed unprecedented methods and practiced the most successful military deception ever seen, meticulously feeding misinformation to Axis intelligence to lead Axis commanders into erroneous action. Thaddeus Holt's elegantly written and comprehensive book is the first to tell the full story behind these operations. Exactly how the Allies engaged in strategic deception has remained secret for decades. Now, with the help of newly declassified material, Holt reveals this secret to the world in a riveting work of historical scholarship. Once the Americans joined the war in 1941, they had much to learn from their British counterparts, who had been honing their deception skills for years. As the war progressed, the British took charge of misinformation efforts in the European theater, while the Americans focused on the Pacific. The Deceivers takes readers from the early British achievements in the Middle East and Europe at the beginning of the war to the massive Allied success of D-Day, American victory in the Pacific theater, and the war's culmination on the brink of an invasion of Japan. Colonel John Bevan, who managed British deception operations from London, described the three essentials to strategic deception as good plans, double agents, and codebreaking, and The Deceivers covers each of these aspects in minute detail. Holt brings to life the little-known men, British and American, who ran Allied deception, such as Bevan, Dudley Clarke, Peter Fleming, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., and Newman Smith. He tracks the development of deception techniques and tells the hitherto unknown story of double agent management and other deception through the American FBI and Joint Security Control. Full of fascinating sources and astounding revelations, The Deceivers is an indispensable volume and an unparalleled contribution to World War II literature.
Download or read book War Through Italian Eyes written by Alexander Henry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-18 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a popular notion that the Italian armed forces of the Second World War were an inferior fighting force. Despite the vast numbers taken prisoner, detailed studies of the experiences of these soldiers remain relatively uncommon and the value of this group to furthering our understanding of the Italian experience of war under Fascism is also rarely acknowledged. The existence in the National Archives of hundreds of pages of transcripts of covert British surveillance of Italian POWs has made it possible to engage with their experiences and opinions in much greater depth. The euphemistically termed ‘Special Reports’ present historians with a unique insight into how all levels of Italian soldiery viewed Fascist Italy’s experience of war, 1940-1943. This book examines reactions to Italian political leadership, the progress of the war, as well as Italian soldiers’ ‘everyday’ views on sex, war, the enemy, death, food, their allies, bravery, race, and killing. These fascinating documents reveal the complexity of the outlook of these men, which persistent – and influential – national stereotypes and historiographical trends fail to acknowledge.
Download or read book Memorable Films of the Forties written by John Reid and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes a movie memorable? Has it won awards? Is it still constantly aired on television? Did it have an enormous influence in its day? Nearly 100 films of the 1940s are examined in detail, with complete cast, credit and background information. Pictures include "Casablanca," "Meet Me in St Louis," "Yankee Doodle Dandy," "All About Eve," "Cobra Woman," "Laura," "The Three Musketeers," "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn," "The Picture of Dorian Gray," "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein," "He Walked By Night," "Forever Amber," "The Paleface," etc.
Download or read book From the Realm of a Dying Sun written by Douglas E. Nash and published by Casemate. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An “excellent and thought provoking” chronicle of the IV. SS-Panzerkorps in Hungary and Austria in the last months of World War II, with maps (Globe at War). In the closing months of World War II, with Budapest’s fall on February 12, 1945 and the breakout attempt by the IX SS-Gebirgskorps having failed, the only thing the IV. SS-Panzerkorps could do was fall back to a more defensible line and fortify the key city of Stuhlweissenburg. Exhausted after three relief attempts in January 1945 and outnumbered by the ever-increasing power of Marshal Tolbukhin’s Third Ukrainian Front, SS-Obergruppenführer Gille’s veterans dug in for a lengthy period of defensive warfare. However, Adolf Hitler had not forgotten about the Hungarian theater of operations nor the country’s rich oilfields and was sending help. To the detriment of the defense of Berlin, SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich’s legendary 6. Panzerarmee was on its way, not to retake Budapest, but to encircle and destroy Tolbukhin’s forces and completely reverse the situation in southeastern Europe in Hitler’s favor. This overly ambitious offensive, known as Frühlingserwachen (Spring Awakening), was soon bogged down in the face of resolute Soviet defenses aided by the springtime thaw. Heralded as Nazi Germany’s last great offensive of World War II, it resulted in great losses to Hitler’s last armored reserve in exchange for only minor gains. Though it played a supporting role during the battle, the IV. SS-Panzerkorps was soon caught up in its aftermath, after the Red Army launched its Vienna Operation that nearly swept the armies of Heeresgruppe Süd from the battlefield. Withdrawing into Austria, Gille’s battered corps attempted to bar the route into Germany, while the Red Army bore down on Vienna. Forced to endure relentless Soviet attacks as well as the caustic leadership of the 6. Armee commander, General Hermann Balck, the men of the IV. SS-Panzerkorps fought their way through Austria to reach the safety of the demarcation line where it finally surrendered to U.S. forces on May 9, 1945 after nearly a year of relentless campaigning.
Download or read book Chasing Spring written by Ernest Wertheim with Linda Hamilton and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once in a lifetime you meet a person who exemplifies the greatness of the human spirit. In youth, overcoming the extreme horror of a brutal regime, in America, struggling alone on a shoestring to build a new life, Ernest, with his keen mind, bravely faced the realities of war and not only survived but also thrived. All his life, he has cherished the value of family and friends, finding beauty in nature and people. This book will strengthen your belief in our ability to overcome life's severe challenges. The life stories in Ernest Wertheim's memoir, by turns lyrical and horrific, are all the more gripping for the quiet voice in which they are told. Chasing Spring invites rather than demands the reader's empathy, a gift from any writer.
Download or read book CliffsNotes AP European History with CD ROM written by Michael J. Romano and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews and hands-on test practice, with accompanying CD
