Download or read book Genetic Diversity Symbiotic Efficacy and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Indigenous Rhizobia Nodulating Soybean in the Mpumalanga Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces South Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although soybean is an important food and cash crop in South Africa, knowledge of the genetic diversity, symbiotic efficacy and abiotic stress tolerance of soybean microsymbionts in the country remains limited. Knowledge of these factors are is needed if soybean production is to be improved. Stress tolerant soybean rhizobia will be candidates for production of inoculants that will promote soybean production in South Africa.
Download or read book Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rhizosphere and Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with TGx and Non TGx Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Genotypes written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assessed the diversity and phylogeny, and symbiotic effectiveness of indigenous/native rhizobia nodulating Tropical Glycine Cross and non-Tropical Glycine Cross soybean (Glycine max) genotypes in Mozambique and South Africa.
Download or read book Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Symbiotic Efficiency of Rhizobial Isolates Nodulating Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Grown Under Field Conditions in Limpopo South Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen deficiency is recognized as the limiting factor for reduction in the yield of common bean in South Africa. The nitrogen fixing bacteria have the ability to enhance the plant growth and yield by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen and also play a role in fixing the problem. This study aims to examine diversity tolerance and symbiotic efficiency of rhizobial isolates.
Download or read book Diversity Phylogeny and Symbiotic Efficiency of Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Root nodules in North Western and Southern Ethiopia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Nitrogen (N) deficiency is common feature in Africa as the soils are inherently infertile with high rates of soil N depletion from soil erosion and low external input. Given the low socio-economic conditions of small holder farmers in Africa, N2 fixation in soybean can offer economic, environmental and agronomic benefits since soybean is one of the highest N2 fixing grain legumes. The aim of this study was to undertake isolation, identification and estimation of genetic diversity as well as symbiotic effectiveness of bacterial isolates from soybeans genotypes grown in soils sampled from two soybean cropping regions of Ethiopia.
Download or read book Symbiotic Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Rhizobia Nodulating Some Native Leguminous Trees and Shrubs written by Margaret Madaraka Yonga and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Within Bradyrhizobia Populations that Nodulate Soybean Genotypes in Africa written by Robert C. Abaidoo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Effect of Legume maize Intercropping on Plant Growth N2 Fixation WUE C Assimilation Grain Yield and Microbial Diversity written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the effect of maize-legume intercropping on plant growth, N2 fixation, WUE, C assimilation and grain yield under field conditions in Eswatini. The 15N natural abundance and ureide assay were used to assess N2 fixation in the six test legumes (Bambara groundnut, cowpea, dry bean, groundnut, jack bean and soybean). Instantaneous water-use efficiency was estimated as the ratio of photosynthetic rate to stomatal conductance from gas-exchange measurements while the 13C natural abundance technique was used as an integrated estimate of WUE. The six test legumes obtained 39.06 – 70.19% of their N nutrition from symbiosis based on the 15N natural abundance technique, while the ureide assay showed that the legumes could obtain 16.46 – 55.79% of their N from symbiosis. The amount of N-fixed ranged from 12.66 to 66.57 kg ha-1 . In most instances, a high amount of N-fixed by legumes was accompanied by greater shoot DM and high grain yield, which indicates the importance of the symbiotic process in plant growth and grain yield. Plants that recorded high photosynthetic rates and leaf chlorophyll content also had greater WUE, and higher WUE was also associated with increased shoot DM and improved yields. The low shoot C:N ratio (12.67 – 21.44 g.g-1 ) of test legumes would support rapid decomposition. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of isolates revealed high genetic diversity among the rhizobial symbionts of groundnut, jack bean and soybean from Eswatini. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA, housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, glnll and rpoB) and symbiotic genes (nifH and nodC) showed that the three legumes were nodulated by rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium. The groundnut microsymbionts were closely related to B. arachidis, B. iriomotense and B. canariense, while the jack bean and soybean microsymbionts were closely related to B. pachyrhizi and B. elkanii. Symbiotic characterization of bacterial isolates showed high variation in nodule number, nodule dry matter and shoot DM induced by rhizobia in their homologous hosts, name groundnut, jack bean and soybean. Some of the test isolates elicited higher relative symbiotic efficiency (RSE) than the commercial rhizobial strains, indicating that the indigenous rhizobia present in Eswatini soils can potentially be used in the development of inoculants. Interestingly, isolates which recorded high RSE clustered together in the single gene phylograms of the housekeeping genes and in the 16S rRNA phylogram. The findings of this study will assist in improving grain yield of maize in Eswatini through maize-legume intercropping.
Download or read book Food Security and Safety written by Olubukola Oluranti Babalola and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on food security and safety issues in Africa, a continent presently challenged with malnutrition and food insecurity. The continuous increase in the human population of Africa will lead to higher food demands, and climate change has already affected food production in most parts of Africa, resulting in drought, reduced crop yields, and loss of livestock and income. For Africa to be food-secure, safe and nutritious food has to be available, well-distributed, and sufficient to meet people’s food requirements. Contributors to Food Security and Safety: African Perspectives offer solutions to the lack of adequate safe and nutritious food in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as highlight the positive efforts being made to address this lack through a holistic approach. The book discusses the various methods used to enhance food security, such as food fortification, fermentation, genetic modification, and plant breeding for improved yield and resistance to diseases. Authors emphasize the importance of hygiene and food safety in food preparation and preservation, and address how the constraints of climate change could be overcome using smart crops. As a comprehensive reference text, Food Security and Safety: African Perspectives seeks to address challenges specific to the African continent while enhancing the global knowledge base around food security, food safety, and food production in an era of rapid climate change.
Download or read book Food and Potential Industrial Applications of Bambara Groundnut written by Samson A. Oyeyinka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-06 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is a crop native to the Bambara tribe of Mali and is grown as a subsistence crop in Africa. Recent advances in research, however, have brought the crop to the forefront of the sustainable agriculture movement. The Bambara plant is highly drought tolerant and rich in protein and carbohydrates, including starch. These macromolecules have enormous industrial potentials. For example, the starch in Bambara grain has been found to exhibit higher (double) viscosity than conventional corn starch. Modified Bambara groundnut starch has been used to produce edible bioplastics that could be upgraded industrially to suit the fourth industrial revolution shift. Bambara plants are also a natural source of soluble fiber, which is gluten-, lactose- and cholesterol-free, with potential as a stabiliser, thickener and gelling agent as well as a cryoprotectant in frozen products. The health benefits include lowering of cholesterol levels, levelling of blood glucose and as a detoxing aid. Furthermore, several researchers have explored the grain either alone or as composite with cereal and tubers for the development of value-added products. Food and Potential Industrial Applications of Bambara Groundnut presents in a clear, coherent way the research findings on Bambara grain and its status as a promising food and industrial crop.
Download or read book Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production written by Brian J. Alloway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deficiency of one or more of the eight plant micronutrients (boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and zinc) will adversely affect both the yield and quality of crops. Micronutrient deficiencies in crops occur in many parts of the world, at various scales (from one to millions of hectares), but differences in soil conditions, climate, crop genotypes and management, result in marked variations in their occurrence. The causes, effects and alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies in crops in: Australia, India, China, Turkey, the Near East, Africa, Europe, South America and the United States of America, are covered, and these are representative of most of the different conditions under which crops are grown anywhere in the world. Links between low contents of iodine, iron and zinc (human micronutrients) in staple grains and the incidence of human health problems are discussed, together with the ways in which the micronutrient content of food crops can be increased and their bioavailability to humans improved. Detailed treatment of topics, such as: soil types associated with deficiencies, soil testing and plant analysis, field experiments, innovative treatments, micronutrients in the subsoil, nutrient interactions, effects of changing cropping systems, micronutrient budgets and hidden deficiencies in various chapters provides depth to the broad coverage of the book. This book provides a valuable guide to the requirements of crops for plant micronutrients and the causes, occurrence and treatment of deficiencies. It is essential reading for many agronomy, plant nutrition and agricultural extension professionals.
Download or read book Forests and Food written by Bhaskar Vira and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2015-11-15 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As population estimates for 2050 reach over 9 billion, issues of food security and nutrition have been dominating academic and policy debates. A total of 805 million people are undernourished worldwide and malnutrition affects nearly every country on the planet. Despite impressive productivity increases, there is growing evidence that conventional agricultural strategies fall short of eliminating global hunger, as well as having long-term ecological consequences. Forests can play an important role in complementing agricultural production to address the Sustainable Development Goals on zero hunger. Forests and trees can be managed to provide better and more nutritionally-balanced diets, greater control over food inputs—particularly during lean seasons and periods of vulnerability (especially for marginalised groups)—and deliver ecosystem services for crop production. However forests are undergoing a rapid process of degradation, a complex process that governments are struggling to reverse. This volume provides important evidence and insights about the potential of forests to reducing global hunger and malnutrition, exploring the different roles of landscapes, and the governance approaches that are required for the equitable delivery of these benefits. Forests and Food is essential reading for researchers, students, NGOs and government departments responsible for agriculture, forestry, food security and poverty alleviation around the globe.
Download or read book Integrated Pest Management written by Rajinder Peshin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the present state and problems of integrated pest management (IPM) as relating to stakeholder acceptance of IPM and how IPM can become a sustainable practice. The book covers the implementation of integrated pest management in USA, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, China, India, Indonesia, Australia, Africa, and its impact in reducing pesticide use in agriculture. The book also deals with the impact of transgenic crops on pesticide use.
Download or read book Guide to Plant Families of Southern Africa written by Marinda Koekemoer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiology of Crop Production written by N.K. Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This single volume explores the theoretical and the practical aspects of crop physiological processes around the world The marked decrease over the past century in the land available for crop production has brought about mounting pressure to increase crop yields, especially in developing nations. Physiology of Crop Production provides cutting-edge research and data for complete coverage of the physiology of crop production, all in one source, right at your fingertips. This valuable reference gives the extensive in-depth information soil and crop professionals need to maximize crop productivity anywhere the world. Leading soil and plant scientists and researchers clearly explain theory, practical applications, and the latest advances in the field. Crop physiology is a vital science needed to understand crop growth and development to facilitate increases of plant yield. Physiology of Crop Production presents a wide range of information and references from varying regions of the world to make the book as complete and broadly focused as possible. Discussion in each chapter is supported by experimental data to make this book a superb resource that will be used again and again. Chapter topics include plant and root architecture, growth and yield components, photosynthesis, source-sink relationship, water use efficiency, crop yield relative to water stress, and active and passive ion transport. Several figures and tables accompany the extensive referencing to provide a detailed, in-depth look at every facet of crop production. Physiology of Crop Production explores management strategies for: ideal plant architecture maximizing root systems ideal yield components maximizing photosynthesis maximizing source-sink relationship sequestration of carbon dioxide reducing the effects of drought improving N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S nutrition improving micronutrient uptake Physiology of Crop Production is an essential desktop resource for plant physiologists, soil and crop scientists, breeders, agronomists, agronomy administrators in agro-industry, educators, and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Understanding Value Chains written by Sarah Faust and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Value Chains first examines the process of the institutionalization of the main theoretical foundations of the global value chain since its conception in the academic field and, subsequently, in international organizations. The authors analyse the evolution of Mode 5 services jobs and salaries in the EU, assessing whether there are signs of functional upgrading and how it affects female jobs and the gender pay gap. The coffee global value chain is broken down into five segments: primary production, processing, trade, roasting, and marketing. An investigation of 34 Indonesian provinces was conducted in an effort to reformulate the policies relating to circular sustainable reverse logistics. Four new components: vision, mission, and managerial orientation; infrastructure capabilities; human resource and organizational commitment; and regulation are used to assess the readiness of each level of government. The authors discuss how, as the UK had no trade agreement with the African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries immediately after the referendum vote, this transition period presents an excellent opportunity to negotiate a new trade agreement. Value chain analysis is used to help understand how Guyana participates in the gold value chain, and to help develop appropriate policies to address its supply-side limitations. Guinéa-Bissau's position in the cashew value chain is assessed, and recommendations to address challenges are proposed. This compilation presents the agricultural value chain framework, introducing the main ideas of the system dynamics methodology and demonstrating the application of system dynamics modeling to a real-world case.
Download or read book Cereal Genomics written by Pushpendra K. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-19 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cereals make an important component of daily diet of a major section of human population, so that their survival mainly depends on the cereal grain production, which should match the burgeoning human population. Due to painstaking efforts of plant breeders and geneticists, at the global level, cereal production in the past witnessed a steady growth. However, the cereal production in the past has been achieved through the use of high yielding varieties, which have a heavy demand of inputs in the form of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides/pesticides, leading to environmental degradation. In view of this, while increasing cereal production, one also needs to keep in mind that agronomic practices used for realizing high productivity do not adversely affect the environment. Improvement in cereal production in the past was also achieved through the use of alien genetic variation available in the wild relatives of these cereals, so that conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources is another important area, which is currently receiving the attention of plant breeders. The work leading to increased cereal production in the past received strong support from basic research on understanding the cereal genomes, which need to be manipulated to yield more from low inputs without any adverse effects as above. Through these basic studies, it also became fairly apparent that the genomes of all cereals are related and were derived from the same lineage, million of years ago.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture Forestry Ecology and the Environment written by Dietrich Werner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-24 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.
