Download or read book General MacArthur s Strategic Success During The Early Months Of The Korean War written by LTC James D. Clay and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many military professionals regard General of the Army Douglas MacArthur as a very polarizing figure in military history, from his strategic use of maneuver to defeat the Japanese at Leyte to his public defiance of the Commander in Chief, President Truman on his policy towards the Korean War. Seen by many as a tactical genius, while others viewed him as an egomaniac, General MacArthur exhibited both sides of this complex character, but the evidence shows that MacArthur possessed a level of military competence that set him apart from his contemporaries. In 1950, MacArthur demonstrated one of his most embarrassing defeats as well as one of his most brilliant successes within the course of ten weeks. MacArthur exemplifies a level of confidence that earned him the modern reputation as an operational artist from his ability to turn the tide of war and restore South Korea’s sovereignty.
Download or read book General MacArthur s Strategic Success During the Early Months of the Korean War written by U S Army Command and General Staff Coll and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1945- 1950, the United States Army transitioned from a conventional force designed for maneuver warfare in Europe to a role, which supported the Air Force in their delivery of nuclear weapons. This secondary role emerged from strategic studies conducted by the National Security Council in response to President Truman's desire to focus military efforts against the communist East without bankrupting the nation. From this study, the National Security Council determined Communism as a threat to the free world, which triggered the start of a nuclear arms race. Determined that war would be won by the Air Force delivering nuclear weapons on targets, the Army became the bill payer at the expense of its modernization efforts. This reduction in funding limited the Army's ability to train at a collective level and forced the Army to use dated equipment from World War II. Consequently, Senior Army leaders put their faith in the advent of nuclear weapons and did not train their forces for other contingencies such as a limited war.
Download or read book Command Crisis written by D. Clayton James and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The General Vs the President written by World Watch Media and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The General vs. the PresidentGeneral MacArthur vs. President TrumanBook Preview:Truman relieving General Douglas MacArthur caused a bit of an uproar amongst the American public. His motives were to limit the conflict in Korea, resulting in his decision to remove MacArthur. General MacArthur was full of ego and flair, and issues between the two were inevitable. When the Korean war first began in June of 1950, MacArthur had fantastic military strategies and maneuvers up his sleeve. He used these to keep South Korea protected from communist invaders in North Korea. MacArthur urged to enact a policy to defeat North Korean forces entirely. Truman agreed, but did so warily, as he was aware the People's Republic of China may feel threatened and join the fight. During October of 1950, MacArthur assured Truman that the Chinese wouldn't interfere. Directly afterwards, in November and December, Chinese troops burst into the American lines, hundreds of thousands of soldiers preventing American forces from entering North Korea. MacArthur requested the use of bombs against communist China, as well as to utilize Taiwanese forces to fight the People's Republic of China. When Truman denied him these requests, their public disagreement began.
Download or read book Operational Art In The Korean War A Comparison Between General MacArthur And General Walker written by Major Remco van Ingen and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph addresses operational art during a specific period of the Korean War. Both General Walton Walker and General Douglas MacArthur developed operational approaches to unify Korea when the decision was made to cross the 38th parallel into North Korea. General MacArthur’s approach used two major ground commands, was more daring, but more complicated. General Walker, on the other hand suggested an approach under one unified ground commander, seemed more methodical, and less daring. Ultimately, General MacArthur’s approach was the one executed. The X Corps amphibious assault did not bring the anticipated result. The out loading of X Corps, in preparation for the assault took longer than anticipated and the enemy had mined the sea approaches to Wonsan. These two factors combined with an unsynchronized ground attack by I ROK Corps eliminated the chance of a successful envelopment. The monograph provides insight in the relationship between the commander’s personality, his previous operational experiences, and his preference for a particular type of operational approach.
Download or read book General Douglas MacArthur Successes and Failures on the Korean Peninsula written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Douglas MacArthur spent the better part of his life making difficult decisions in the face of uncertainty. However, in Korea he made some critical miscalculations. This paper will address two questions in an attempt to broaden the professional awareness of officers. First, what impact does political input have on operational design? To answer this question, the impact of politics on time, space, and force will be addressed through an analysis of General MacArthur's operational leadership, vision, and design during the Korean War. MacArthur's decisions were focused on achieving military objectives congruent with the strategic goal, even though he failed to anticipate the political decisions that dangerously limited his freedom of action. Second, how can operational commanders today perform better than MacArthur? This paper argues that the American political system is the most critical system for the military commander to understand. The author concludes that commanders can effectively develop and adjust plans in ways that achieve desirable results even when the political situation may limit their means and methods. This can be done by applying the elements of operational vision and converting that mental picture into achievable objectives. The best way to accomplish this translation is through an analytical and regressive decision-making process.
Download or read book General MacArthur and President Truman written by Richard H. Rovere and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 1951 as The General and the President after President Harry S. Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur in the midst of the Korean War -a memorably explosive incident in American political history. But its significance extends far beyond a dramatic episode in the nation's past. This literate and ironic work continues to be an invaluable guide to the conflict between civilian and military authority, and it illuminates later and currentcontroversies over the role the United States should play in Asian affairs. This new edition is graced by a remarkable introductory essay by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. The text is reprinted from the 1965 republication under the title The MacArthur Controversy, that is, the book as originally written with a few tenses altered and a few topical allusions deleted. General MacArthur and President Truman will be of special interest to students of American diplomacy, politics, and culture and to all concerned with the relationship between the armed forces and larger society.
Download or read book MacArthur Reconsidered written by James Ellman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-07-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Ellman digs deep, connects the dots, and concludes that General Douglas MacArthur was decidedly not a military genius. One of America's most controversial generals, Douglas MacArthur’s rise through the U.S. Army’s ranks was meteoric. However, he did not lead large formations of men in combat until he assumed command of forces in the Philippines in 1941. When war commenced with the bombing of Pearl Harbor, MacArthur’s performance on the battlefield was a failure: he underestimated the Japanese, and his poorly trained forces were outmaneuvered and outfought by a much smaller invading force. However, in what became a repeating hallmark of his career, he successfully portrayed his actions to much of the American people as brilliant and heroic regardless of victory or defeat. After fleeing to Australia, MacArthur famously announced, “I will return,” and followed through on a quest to retake Manila regardless of its impact on Allied global strategy or its cost in American, Australian, and Filipino blood. In his subsequent role as America’s shogun in Tokyo, MacArthur was again surprised by an enemy he underestimated. The Korean War yielded his greatest victory, at Inchon, but also his greatest defeat, along the Yalu River. Unwilling to accept anything but complete victory, he openly defied President Truman: MacArthur fatally undermined chances for an early peace, planned to seed a great swath of enemy territory with radioactive cobalt, and attempted to widen a conflict which threatened to become a third world war. Raging against his subsequent firing, he only truly faded away after he was publicly criticized by a panoply of America’s greatest WWII generals. Today, MacArthur still polarizes. Many biographies agree he was a great and patriotic leader marred by a few failures. Ellman argues the opposite: MacArthur was a lackluster battlefield commander who suffered stunning defeats while undermining the command structure of our military.
Download or read book Douglas MacArthur written by Alfred Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book No Substitute for Victory written by Theodore Kinni and published by Reuters Books. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General MacArthur defined principles of leadership that were decades ahead of their time. In this book, the authors reveal what MacArthur knew about setting the right goals, building sleek, fast-response organizations, inspiring subordinates to unprecedented performance, focusing relentlessly on results, and winning.
Download or read book Within Limits written by Wayne Thompson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite American success in preventing the conquest of South Korea by communist North Korea, the Korean War of 1950-1953 did not satisfy Americans who expected the kind of total victory they had experienced in WW II. In Korea, the U.S. limited itself to conventional weapons. Even after communist China entered the war, Americans put China off-limits to conventional bombing as well as nuclear bombing. Operating within these limits, the U.S. Air Force helped to repel 2 invasions of South Korea while securing control of the skies so decisively that other U.N. forces could fight without fear of air attack.
Download or read book The Role of the Operational Artist written by U S Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study applies the theory of the operational artist to evaluate General Douglas MacArthur's command in the Korean War to illuminate considerations in regards to a senior military commander's authority to discuss policy and negotiate military strategy with policymakers and their responsibility to operate within the constraints imposed by policy to achieve the political aim, through the military aim. Victory emerged through the restoration of the 38th Parallel, where discourse and negotiation between policymakers and the operational artist resolved the tension between policy and military strategy, while tragedy and failure emerged in the remainder of General MacArthur's command, when the discourse failed and the operational artist disregarded policy constraints in pursuit of his own aims. The analysis implicates considerations for senior military commanders in their role as operational artists in the context of large-scale combat operations within wars of limited aims, constrained by competing interests.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Publishing Field Manual (FM) 3-0 Operations in October 2017, the U.S. Army shifted the priority from focusing on counterinsurgency to large-scale combat operations (LSCO), making LSCO against a peer threat represent the most significant readiness requirement. This realignment responds to a perceived threat from the military advancement and recent aggressive activity by competitor nations such as Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran. Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and China's activity in the South China Sea serve as examples of the intent to contest the world order. In addition, the overlapping interests between the nations heighten concern. Within this context, the potential exists for miscalculation, leading to escalation, as well as simultaneous conflict in multiple regions. This strategic environment challenges the National Command Authority (NCA), supported by military professionals, in establishing political aims and allocation of resources across competing global interests. Thus, arises the question, with consideration to the dynamics of the political environment and potential for LSCO with limited aims, what is the role of senior military commanders with relation to the NCA in the development and implementation of policy and military strategy to further U.S. interests?Carl von Clausewitz's theory On War explains the nature of war, which remains relevant in understanding warfare in the twenty-first century. He derived the nature of real, or limited, war as a political endeavor in pursuit of limited aims, establishing the necessity for the civil-military relationship. Clausewitz deduced that war is an instrument of policy, emerging from the realm of politics consisting of the interrelationship between the enmity of the people, the chance of military victory deduced by commanders, and the purpose or reason, narrative and legitimacy given by the government for the use of force. Because of political origins, the degree of force employed depends on the political aim with consideration to the conditions and capacities of the belligerents. Thus, war does not reach the logical extremes of uncontrolled violence because political interests moderate the effort. The greater the political motivation for war, the greater the belligerent contributes to the war effort.
Download or read book Reminiscences written by Douglas MacArthur and published by New York : McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1964 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Douglas MacArthur's memoir of over 50 years of his life and military career.
Download or read book Korea and the Fall of MacArthur written by Trumbull Higgins and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It goes without saying that the nature of the Korean War has accentuated enormously the controversy between the Truman Administration and General MacArthur. Indeed, with the passage of time the war itself has become the focus of contemporary debate. It was not a war that mobilized the emotional and physical energies of the entire American people. Not only was it a limited war; it was a most peculiar kind of limited war. It was an undeclared war against an unidentified enemy. Its aims were generally uncomprehended, possibly because they were never adequately explained by the Truman Administration. And the conduct of the war was as equivocal as its purpose. - Preface.
Download or read book MacArthur as the Operational Commander in Korea A Pawn of Conflicting Policies written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The operational leader develops plans and formulates campaign strategy within the spectrum of the levels of war somewhere between the faint lines of strategy and operational art. National policy and military strategy meet at the operational level. Success is equated to the accomplishment of the military plans. Unfortunately for General MacArthur, conflicting directives and a lack of policy permeated the Korean Conflict. Initially aligned, the President, and the Departments of State and Defense feared an escalation of the conflict and a potential World War III. As the ground campaign developed though, differing directives from these offices were delivered to General MacArthur with respect to US and UN expectations and desires in the region. MacArthur was then left to decipher the conflicting and often inadequate guidance and do what he believed was best for the forces on the ground, the Far East, the United States and consequently the United Nations. The contradictory policies are most evident when examining decisions to permit activity across the 38th parallel, determining what type of war was being waged in Korea, whether or not the drive should be for reunification of the North and the South, and lastly what actions to take against the Chinese in North Korea. In each of these situations, MacArthur was forced to develop theater and operational plans without a solid national strategy to guide him. Needless to say, this placed the operational commander in a variety of precarious situations and ultimately led to his demise as the Commander of the Far East. General Douglas MacArthur was a pawn of conflicting policies in Korea.
Download or read book Personality And Strategy written by Kyle B. Beckman and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the impact that the dominant personalities of General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Ernest King had in shaping Allied strategy in the Pacific during the Second World War. The concept of dominant personality is defined as containing three essential elements: arrogance, tenacity, and supreme competence. The lives of MacArthur and King are examined, demonstrating that the actions of each consistently reflected these characteristics, allowing them to dominate those around them. Three key decisions from the Pacific war are scrutinized for the impact of one or both of these dominant personalities. King and MacArthur affected these decisions in different ways. In the first, the decision to initiate carrier raids against Japan in early 1942, King acted unopposed in pushing his audacious plans through. The second decision was to invade Guadalcanal (Operation Watchtower) in August 1942. King and MacArthur drove this decision in parallel competition, each striving to begin offensive operations and each desiring to be in control. Finally, the long competition between the Central and Southwestern Pacific drives for primacy, culminating with the debate over invading Luzon or Formosa, is examined. In this case, MacArthur and King pursued mutually exclusive courses and stalemate nearly resulted.
Download or read book Truman MacArthur and the Korean War written by Dennis Wainstock and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general history of the critical first year of the Korean War, this study deals primarily with relations between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry S. Truman from June 1950 to April 1951, a period that defined the war's direction until General Mark Clark, the final U.N. Commander, signed the Armistice two years later. Although the ever-changing military situation is outlined, the main focus is on policymaking and the developing friction between Truman and MacArthur. Wainstock contradicts the common view that MacArthur and Truman were constantly at odds on the basic aims of the war. In the matter of carrying the fight to Communist China, MacArthur and the Joint Chiefs differed only on timing, not on the need for such action. The end of the Cold War has provided historians with a better opportunity to study the forces that shaped the thinking of America's leaders at the time of the Korean War. The sheer quantity of material now available, while daunting, is filled with colorful and outstanding personalities, dramatic action, and momentous actions that have had an impact on world events even to the present day. Wainstock ultimately concludes that Washington placed too much emphasis on anti-Communist ideology, rather than long-term national interest, in the decision first to intervene in the war and later to cross the crucial 38th Parallel. He also emphasizes the important contributions of General Matthew B. Ridgway in stopping the Chinese offensive and in influencing Washington's decision not to carry the war to Communist China.
