Download or read book Gene Flow in Alfalfa written by Allen Emile Van Deynze and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although there have been instances in which low-level presence of regulated materials has resulted in market disruptions (e.g., Starlink corn, LL601 and LL604 rice), there is no evidence of significant market disruption associated with the commercialization of deregulated biotech traits in the United States. Concurrent with increased U.S. farmer adoption of biotech traits in corn, soybean, and cotton there have been increases in U.S. grain/fiber export (USDA-FAS 2007) and organic production (USDA-NASS 2007a, b, c). Although only 3 to 5% of the U.S. alfalfa hay production is sold to GE-sensitive markets (Putnam 2006), production for these markets has significant economic importance in specific regions of the United States. Approximately 33% of U.S. alfalfa seed production is exported, primarily to GE-sensitive markets. A thorough understanding of gene flow in alfalfa is critical to establishing stewardship programs that enable coexistence between alfalfa growers producing GE alfalfa hay or seed and growers producing these products for GE-sensitive markets. Understanding the relative importance of gene flow between and within feral plants, hay, and seed production fields helps to identify key biological, agricultural, and environmental barriers to gene flow and to formulate logical mitigation strategies for managing the AP of GE traits in non-GE alfalfa seed and hay. Synchrony in flowering, presence of pollinators, isolation distance, and relative abundance of pollen between pollen source and pollen recipient plants are typical biological barriers, most of which are amenable to management in hay and/or seed production systems. In general, it seems that NAFA Best Management Practices in hay and certified alfalfa seed production, coupled with the pollinator-specific isolation guidelines outlined in the NAFA Best Management Practices document, are adequate for managing AP to tolerance levels appropriate for most markets. These types of management practices are employed successfully by producers of certified seed in most crops, including alfalfa, to ensure genetic purity of seed stocks. Increased isolation distances in seed production--including production in non-GE seed production zones--use of border areas, crop rotation, use of certified seed, careful selection of the introduced pollinator, and routine elimination of neighboring feral alfalfa plants are tools that can be applied to decrease further the risk of gene flow in the production of seed for GE-sensitive markets."--Summary.
Download or read book Pollinator mediated Gene Flow in and Among Fields of Alfalfa Produced for Seed written by Natalie Kira Boyle and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluated the impact of migratory beekeeping practices on transgenic pollen flow between spatially isolated alfalfa fields by permitting honey bees, Apis mellifera, to openly forage upon transgenic alfalfa blossoms, and transporting them 112 km to forage on caged conventional alfalfa following either 8 or 32 hours of isolation from the transgenic source. Cross-pollination between transgenic and conventional alfalfa was nearly eliminated (0.00008%) following eight hours of isolation from the transgenic source.
Download or read book Roundup Ready Alfalfa An Emerging Technology written by and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movement of Pollinators and Their Impact on Selfing and Gene Flow in Alfalfa written by Emmanuel Santa-Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pollinators are important for the seed production of vegetables and fruits and for some forage and oil crops. Little is known about their impact on selfing, gene flow and plant mating systems. Both selfing and gene flow in agriculture are affected by how pollinators forage on plants. How pollen is deposited from flower to flower throughout consecutive visits can vary among pollinators. Pollinators can affect the proportion of seeds that results from self-fertilization. Also, pollinators can mediate gene flow via pollen and therefore help move genes among fields. Alfalfa represents a good model system to contrast the impact of distinct pollinators on selfing and gene flow. This thesis examines the foraging behavior of the European honey bee, the common eastern bumble bee and the alfalfa leafcutting bee on alfalfa plants and determine their impact on selfing rate and potential for gene flow. Selfing rate estimates were higher on plants visited by leafcutting bees and honey bees relative to bumble bees. Differences among bee species on the number of sequentially visited flowers, tripping rates and their ability to remove or deposit more pollen grains during a visit to a flower can explain the differences observed in selfing rates. We also quantified the impact of these pollinators on the reproductive success via female and male functions in alfalfa. Bee species affected plant reproductive success via both female and male functions. Plants visited by bumble bees had greater female and male reproductive success relative to honey bees and leafcutting bees. Differences among bee species in their impact on plant reproductive success were linked to differences in foraging behavior. Lastly, we compared pollen deposition curves for two bee species and their potential for transgene escape. Leafcutting bees exhibited steeper pollen deposition curves, hence shorter tails relative to bumble bees. This work improves our understanding of how distinct pollinators affect selfing rate and gene flow and therefore, how pollinators affect plant mating systems and ultimately the genetic structure of plant populations. This research contributes to the development of planting strategies to help reduce transgene escape and to promote the effective coexistence across different markets.
Download or read book The Alfalfa Genome written by Long-Xi Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive compilation of deliberations on whole genome sequencing of the diploid and tetraploid alfalfa genomes including sequence assembly, gene annotation, and comparative genomics with the model legume genome, functional genomics, and genomics of important agronomic characters. Other chapters describe the genetic diversity and germplasm collections of alfalfa, as well as development of genetic markers and genome-wide association and genomic selection for economical important traits, genome editing, genomics, and breeding targets to address current and future needs. Altogether, the book contains about 300 pages over 16 chapters authored by globally reputed experts on the relevant field in this crop. This book is useful to the students, teachers, and scientists in the academia and relevant private companies interested in genetics, breeding, pathology, physiology, molecular genetics and breeding, biotechnology, and structural and functional genomics. The work is also useful to seed and forage industries.
Download or read book Special Publication written by Council for Agricultural Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Alfalfa Management Guide written by D. J. Undersander and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alfalfa Management Guide is designed especially for busy growers, with to-the-point recommendations, useful images of diseased plants and pests, and quick-reference tables and charts. Revised in 2011, this edition of Alfalfa Management Guide covers the latest strategies for alfalfa establishment, production, and harvest-soil testing, fertilizing, integrated pest management, rotation, and more.
Download or read book Evaluation of Gene Flow Between Crops and Related Weeds written by Dessislava Savova Bianchi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Flow written by Wei Wei and published by CABI. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene flow is a natural process that occurs spontaneously and enables the evolution of life. However, with the release of genetically modified organisms, concerns have focused on introduced foreign transgenes and their dispersal in nature through gene flow. This book examines gene flow of transgenes, such as herbicide resistance genes, with the goal of understanding the factors that may affect the process of gene flow. A greater biological understanding is essential to make sound management regulatory decisions when also taking into consideration the processes that happen in conventional plants. Monitoring, modelling, and mitigation are the three most closely related elements of gene flow. The book includes both scientific reviews and perspectives on gene flow and experimental case studies, including studies of gene flow in soybean and poplar. The authors present diverse views and research methodologies to understand transgene flow.
Download or read book Relationships and Autopolyploid Evolution in the Medicago Sativa Complex alfalfa and Allies Leguminosae written by Tee Havananda and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Medicago sativa complex comprises several morphologically and genetically diverse diploid and autopolyploid taxa, including autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa subsp. sativa). Its members can be divided into three morphological groups: M. sativa subsp. caerulea and subsp. sativa with blue flowers and coiled pods, subsp. falcata with yellow flowers with falcate pods, and subsp. glomerata with yellow flowers and coiled pods; each group contains both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. Although alfalfa is well studied, closely related tetraploids and their hypothesized diploid progenitors have received much less study. Questions regarding their relationships, their controversial taxonomy, and autopolyploid evolution remain to be addressed. Genetic variation and differentiation were estimated, and phylogenetic and network relationships were constructed based on nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial genome for the diploid members of the complex, and from chloroplast and nuclear genomes for both the diploid and tetraploid members. Independent perspectives on the species' evolutionary history were afforded because each genome has a different inheritance pattern. Mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, chloroplast DNA is biparentally, but largely paternally inherited, and nuclear DNA is biparentally inherited. At the diploid level, subsp. caerulea is genetically differentiated from diploid subsp. falcata for chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear alleles, although there are some shared haplotypes and alleles probably due to limited gene flow. Data from mitochondrial haplotypes, however, show no differentiation between the two diploids, which is likely due to bidirectional introgression of the mitochondrial genome. At the tetraploid level, genetic differentiation was found between subsp. sativa and tetraploid subsp. falcata in both the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Although chloroplast data support a simple autopolyploid origin of subsp. sativa from diploid subsp. caerulea, a contrasting history involving past introgression from closely related M. prostrata is suggested for tetraploid subsp. falcata, raising questions about its autopolyploid origin. Nuclear data, however, show that tetraploid falcata most likely has originated from diploid falcata through autopolyploidy in a similar pattern to that of subsp. sativa. Despite the existence of hybrids, gene flow and introgression are limited and morphologically and genetically distinctive subspecies persist.
Download or read book Trophic Interactions Between Birds Arthropods and Willows During Primary Succession on Mount St Helens written by Angela Rebecca Kroon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Inheritance of Ease of Floret Tripping and Effect of Ease of Floret Tripping on Outcrossing Rate and Pollen Flow in Alfalfa written by Eric Enzio Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Download or read book Herbicide Resistant Crops written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.
Download or read book A Qualitative Survey of Native Bees in and Near Alfalfa Medicago Sativa Seed Fields in Washington State written by Amelia Angela Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Modified Pest Protected Plants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the risks and benefits of crops that are genetically modified for pest resistance, the urgency of establishing an appropriate regulatory framework for these products, and the importance of public understanding of the issues. The committee critically reviews federal policies toward transgenic products, the 1986 coordinated framework among the key federal agencies in the field, and rules proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency for regulation of plant pesticides. This book provides detailed analyses of: Mechanisms and results of genetic engineering compared to conventional breeding for pest resistance. Review of scientific issues associated with transgenic pest-protected plants, such as allergenicity, impact on nontarget plants, evolution of the pest species, and other concerns. Overview of regulatory framework and its use of scientific information with suggestions for improvements.
