Download or read book Gender Bias and Investments in Children written by James B. Davies and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Bias and Investment in Children written by Junsen Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Bias in Parental Investment in Children s Education in India written by Sophia Kamaruddin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond Dolls Guns written by Susan Hoy Crawford and published by Heinemann Educational Publishers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author gives parents useful tips and great advice on recognizing gender bias and how to change it. A fun and easy read!
Download or read book Love Money and Parenting written by Matthias Doepke and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doepke and Zilibotti investigate how economic forces shape how parents raise their children. They show that in countries with increasing economic inequality, such as the United States, parents push harder to ensure their children have a path to security and success. Economics has transformed the hands-off parenting of the 1960s and '70s into a frantic, overscheduled activity. Growing inequality has also resulted in an increasing 'parenting gap' between richer and poorer families, raising the disturbing prospect of diminished social mobility and fewer opportunities for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The authors discuss how investments in early childhood development and the design of education systems factor into the parenting equation, and how economics can help shape policies that will contribute to the ideal of equal opportunity for all. --From publisher description.
Download or read book Childhood Unlimited written by Virginia Mendez and published by Sheldon Press. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - In 2013, Disney released its most egalitarian film to date - but 59% of all the lines in Frozen are spoken by male characters. - 57% of children's books published annually have central male characters; just 31% have central female characters. Raising your child beyond the limitations placed on them by gender is, let's face it, an uphill battle. If you don't know where to start, or how to start, you will find inspiration, insight and plenty of practical strategies in Childhood Unlimited. From navigating the gendered constructs that dominate children's films, television and media generally, to choosing appropriate and stimulating toys beyond the binary divide, this accessible and relatable book will make the whole process much less daunting. Based on interviews with, and research by, some of the best thought-leaders from the fields of psychology, neuroscience and education, the insights in this book will not only open the eyes of any parent or caregiver, they will inspire you to help your child to look at the world in a critical, creative and empowered way. Free from the restraints of the stereotypes that surround gender, your child has the opportunity to reach their true potential - and this is the book that you need to launch them on that journey.
Download or read book Essays on Gender Gaps and Investments in Children written by Na'ama Shenhav and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a compilation of three essays that investigate how increasing women's access to political and economics resources in the United States influences investments in the human capital of children and helps shape decisions around family formation in the country. In doing so, it documents the evolution of decision making of women in the U.S. over the last century, and shows how key shifts in policy and wage-enhancing technological change facilitated this transition. The essays pair cutting-edge econometric techniques with novel empirical designs to estimate causal impacts of women's increasing access to these resources. The first chapter examines the effect of the enfranchisement of women in early 20th century United States on the long term educational outcomes of children growing up during and after the passage of suffrage laws, and is co-authored with Esra Kose and Elira Kuka. This essay contributes to a growing literature which provides evidence that increasing the political power of women leads to a growth in investments in children in the short term; but which thus far has not measured the long-term implications on children's "success", in particular for the educational attainment of individuals. We investigate the effect of women's political empowerment on the human capital of children by exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in U.S. state and federal suffrage laws. We estimate that exposure to women's suffrage during childhood leads to large increases in educational attainment for children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, in particular blacks and Southern whites. The results suggest that the redistribution of resources following suffrage contributed to a convergence of educational outcomes by raising the attainment of groups with low baseline levels of education. The second chapter establishes a credible link between the significant reduction in the gender wage gap between 1980 and 2010 and the coinciding shifts in family structure. It is motivated by the fact that family structure in the United States has shifted substantially over the last three decades, yet the causes and implications of these changes for the well-being of family members remains unclear. The empirical strategy exploits task-based shifts in demand as an exogenous shock to sex-specific wages to demonstrate the role of the relative female to male wage in the family and labor market outcomes of women. The results show that increases in the relative wage lead to a decline in the likelihood of marriage for those on the margin of a first marriage, and present suggestive evidence that these effects are concentrated among less-desirable matches. A higher relative wage also causes women to increase their hours of work, reduce their dependence on a male earner, and increase the likelihood of that they raise children outside of marriage. These findings indicate that improvements in the relative wage have facilitated women's independence by reducing the monetary incentive for marriage, and can account for 20% of the decline in marriage between 1980 and 2010. The third chapter builds on the findings made in the first two chapters, and explores the implications of changes in male and female wage opportunities for child achievement. It contributes to a large literature that has shown that a child's academic success and physical development are strongly influenced by family income, but which has less evidence on whether whether the source of income also matters. The empirical strategy takes advantage of national shifts in the return to occupations over this time period as a source of exogenous convergence of wages across sexes in a marriage market. In contrast to previous findings, the results do not show that a higher female to male wage ratio significantly improves children's outcomes, although the confidence intervals allow for an important positive or negative effect. Auxiliary analyses which use observed relative household income produce a qualitatively different, negative and statistically significant effect of relative wages on children's development, which is likely a reflection of an omitted variable bias. Sources of the imprecision in the estimation are discussed.
Download or read book Action Research of Gender Bias in Children s Literature Focus on Grades Kindergarten Through Three written by Laura Newton Wigginton and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Gender Bias on Children s Education Attainment and Health Outcome written by Jeff Cui and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Age Cohort and Household Investment in Child Schooling written by Abdul Malik Iddrisu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to post one of the highest gender gaps in educational outcomes in the world. Gender gaps in educational outcomes might be attributed to an uneven allocation of household resources towards the schooling of boys and girls. In this paper, we interrogate this issue using individual-level data from Ghana. Methodologically, the paper explores two potential sources of gender bias: bias in the decision to enrol/keep boys and girls in school; and bias in the educational expenditure on boys and girls enrolled in school. Our findings are illuminating: gender bias in households' educational expenditure allocations arises mainly from the decision to enrol or not boys and girls in school, where an important pro-male bias exists. That is, households favour boys in their decision whether or not to enrol a child in school in Ghana. However, after enrolment, households tend to spend an equal amount on the schooling of both boys and girls. These findings have important implications for educational policy design, especially in the context of developing countries.
Download or read book Intra household Gender bias in Children s Educational Investment in Rural Ethiopia written by Andinet Delelegn and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Gender Bias on Children in Childcare Settings written by R. Ikram and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To date, Early Childhood Education (ECE) courses and curriculum are primarily focused on a being gender neutral and teaching non-traditional gender practices in childcare settings. Further, many child care providers, specifically ECE teachers, are women. This paper describes how many teachers in childcare settings are teaching boys and girls to take on both gender neutral and non-traditional gender roles with little regard to culture, family background or a child's ability and/or interests in order to counter perceptions of sexism by trying to control, limit, and confine children. Further, for boys to suppress their behaviors, become less aggressive and soften them into what teachers want boys to become and for girls to become more aggressive, provocative and challenge boys in childcare settings. The gender bias, feminist in origin, is teacher-centered and not child-centered which is in direct conflict with best practices in ECE. Further the research shows that the gender bias is having a negative influence on the growth and development on children in child care settings." -- from the abstract, p.5
Download or read book From Nutrition to Aspirations and Self Efficacy written by Stefan Dercon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use data on children at age 8, 12 and 15 from Young Lives, a cohort study of 12,000 children across Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, to document the presence of a gender gap across a wide variety of indicators, including nutrition, education, aspirations, subjective well-being and psychosocial competencies. First, we find that there is considerable heterogeneity across countries, ages and indicators in whether there is any gender bias and whether it is in favour of boys or girls. Second, we find strong evidence of an 'institutionalized' gender bias against girls in education in India and to an extent, Ethiopia; the bias appears to emerge in educational aspirations of parents for their children at age 8, is transmitted to the aspirations of children at 12 and is transformed into gender gaps in test scores related to cognitive achievement at age 15, despite relatively high enrolments. This bias is stronger in rural than in urban India; in rural Peru there is some evidence a pro-male bias in education at age 12 and 15. We also observe lower self-efficacy (as measured by agency) for girls in Ethiopia and India at age 15. Similar patterns exist in Vietnam but in the opposite direction - in favour of girls rather than boys. Evidence in other studies suggests that lower human capital and non-cognitive skills both lead to poorer performance in the labour market, leading to predictions of continuing bias in outcomes for these groups.
Download or read book From nutrition to aspirations and self efficacy gender bias over time among children in four countries written by Stefan Dercon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discovering Latent Gender Bias in Children s STEM Literature written by Christine Proebsting Herlihy and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mixed method, exploratory, sequential research design was conducted to investigate the presence of latent bias in early childhood STEM literature content, applying a non-biased, sociocultural, STEM identity, theoretical framework. A survey of children’s perceptions of gender and a content analysis found unintentional bias. Exploratory findings confirmed 102 children were gendering images. An examination of the relationship between the participants’ gender and how the participant gendered AND preferred the images indicated differences existed between boys and girls. Children preferred images perceived as matching their own, with statistical significance. Girls were found to prefer images less than boys AND they were more likely to gender the images. Children were more likely to give gender to the 50 images considered in the study, than to non-gender them. The gendering and preference was found to be statistically significantly higher for anthropomorphic and personified inanimate images. Additionally, a content analysis of eight award winning and popular selling STEM children’s books were conducted and were found to contain biased narratives and image content. A content analysis found significant differences relating to the frequency of character representation in the eight books. Analysis indicated a higher lexical representation of females to males, and image representation was more male than female. Further analysis of additional books and images is warranted from the findings of this exploratory study.
Download or read book Child gender and parental investments in India are boys and girls treated differently written by Silvia H. Barcellos and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although previous research has not always found that boys and girls are treated differently in rural India, son-biased stopping rules imply that estimates of the effect of gender on parental investments are likely to be biased because girls systematically end up in larger families. We propose a novel identification strategy for overcoming this bias. We document that boys receive significantly more childcare time than girls. In addition boys are more likely to be breastfed longer, and to be given vaccinations and vitamin supplementation. We then present suggestive evidence that the differential treatment of boys is neither due to their greater needs nor to the effect of anticipated family size.
Download or read book Impact of Family Planning Policy on Gender Inequality written by Yining Geng and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investments parents make in their children can be gender specific. I study the impact of family planning policies on gender-specific outcomes. Empirically, this paper uses China's Family Planning Policy (FPP), enacted in 1971, to understand how a reduction in the number of children in a family can generate gender-specific outcomes. I mainly use the diff-in-diff strategy to compare the educational outcomes of boys and of girls born before and after the FPP was implemented. I find that while post-FPP-born children generally complete higher levels of education, this effect is particularly stronger for girls. This finding is robust to (1) using the diff-in-diff-in-diff strategy by incorporating another dimension of variation: different fertility constraints imposed by the FPP on the ethnic majority Han than those imposed on ethnic minorities; and (2) using a different measure of educational outcomes: the probability of pursuing an education beyond the compulsory education period. In addition, I document that the FPP also has an impact on changing women's preference for their child's gender. Post-FPP-born women show a more pronounced change in gender attitudes and exhibit less son preference than their male counterparts.
