Download or read book Galectins and Disease Implications for Targeted Therapeutics written by Anatole Klyosov and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides discussion of the latest work in Galectins, stemming from the Symposium 'Galectin Functions and Therapeutics.'

Download or read book Galectins and Disease Implications for Targeted Therapeutics written by Shawana Heaney and published by States Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galectins are a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins characterized by the presence of b-galactoside-binding sites. They are also referred to as S-type lectins. These molecules are involved in many physiological and biological functions of the body such as inflammation, immune responses, cell migration, autophagy, RNA splicing, gene transcription, apoptosis, signaling and differentiation. Galectins have also been linked to diseases such as fibrosis, cancer and heart disease. Galectin-3 plays a considerable role in cancer progression and the processes associated with tumorigenesis such as transformation to a malignant form, metastasis, and increased invasive properties of tumor cells. It has also been researched as a potential biomarker of rheumatic diseases. Galectins have a unique mechanism to intracellularly as well as extracellularly regulate cell death. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the role of galectins in disease. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this area of study. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Download or read book Galectins written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-10-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comprehensive guide to the current understanding of galectins and their promising potential in drug design This is the first book focusing on galectins. It was inspired by topics discussed at the symposium "Galectins: Structures, Functions, and Therapeutic Targets" that was a part of the 234th American Chemical Society meeting in 2007. To help chemists, biochemists, and others understand the challenges inherent in the study of galectins and build on recent advances in the field, the editors have compiled articles from leading experts on galectins and their biomedical applications. Galectins includes: * An overview of early galectin research * An explanation of the nature of galectins * A discussion of the structure and functions of galectins, their ligand specificity and molecular mechanisms of action, and the localization of galectins in the cell * An exploration of the roles galectins play in tumor growth and cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, and immunity * A discussion of the effect of galectins on cell migration, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance * An introduction to new approaches to designing galectin inhibitors This is the premier reference on galectins for organic, medicinal, carbohydrate, and pharmaceutical chemists, biochemists, molecular and cell biologists, pharmacologists, cancer researchers, and graduate-level students in these disciplines, as well as clinicians and drug developers.

Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.

Download or read book The Role of Glycosylation in Health and Disease written by Gordan Lauc and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycobiology is an emerging field of studying glycans (sugars) and glycoconjugates that are essentially involved in almost all biological processes, from fine-tuning glycoprotein function to protein-protein interactions, signaling, immune response, host-pathogen interactions, etc. However, due to structural complexity of glycans and analytical challenges this exciting field was lagging behind other areas of biology. With technological advancements growing number of glycans’ functions are being discovered and the study of glycans is becoming a cutting-edge discipline in basic and clinical research. Despite recent developments in glycobiology field, many aspects of glycosylation process still remain unknown, both in a healthy human organism and in pathological states. Human glycome is dynamic and changes with physiological triggers, immune challenges and disease. Atypical glycosylation is consequently a subject of disease biomarker research, and a target for therapeutic interventions. On the other hand, properties of glycosylated biotherapeutics are predominantly determined by their glycans. The Role of Glycosylation in Health and Disease provides a comprehensive overview of types and functions of glycans in a healthy human organism as well as their role in pathophysiology of different diseases and efficiency of glycosylated biotherapeutics. Written by the experts in the field, this book aims to bring glycobiology field closer to students, researchers in life sciences and professionals in biopharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Galectins in Cancer and Translational Medicine written by Armando Bartolazzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-genomic era, many efforts have been devoted to better understanding the biological information encoded by the cell "glycome" in normal and pathologic conditions. The glycan signature of human cells plays a pivotal role in regulating fundamental biological processes, which are critical for cell physiology and for cancer as well. Galectins (also worded S-type lectins) are an evolutionarily conserved family of endogenous lectins, which bind carbohydrates with high specificity. These molecules, which can be found both intracellularly and in the extracellular milieu, are functionally active in converting glycan-containing information into cell biological programs. This fashionable mechanism of signal transduction plays a relevant role in regulating several biological functions, including RNA splicing, gene transcription, cell migration and differentiation, apoptosis, immune response, and tumor growth and progression. It is not surprising, indeed, that a large number of studies on galectin-glycan interactions and galectins expression and function in human diseases have been published in the recent literature, spanning from immunology to cardiovascular medicine, from diagnostic Pathology to nuclear medicine. The aim of this Special Issue of IJMS is to collect selected contributions in the field reporting data, concepts, and new ideas, which have the potential to be translated in a clinical setting in the near future, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other relevant human diseases.

Download or read book Lessons in Immunity written by Loriano Ballarin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons in Immunity: From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals stems from the activity of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), represented by the editors. This book is presented as a series of short overviews that report on the current state of various relevant fields of immunobiology from an evolutionary perspective. The overviews are written by authors directly involved in the research, and most are members of the IADCI or have otherwise been involved in the related research for their respective overview. This publication offers scientists and teachers an easy and updated reference tool. Provides simple and updated reviews on the immunobiology of a wide spectrum of organisms, considered in an evolutionary context Focuses on both cells and humoral components of a variety of non-classical model organisms Offers in a single volume many contributions which can help with understanding the evolution of immune responses and the main adaptations in animal phyla Presents a valuable holistic cross-sectional approach for teaching immunology and its applications

Download or read book The Neuropilins Role and Function in Health and Disease written by Gera Neufeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers basic research topics such as the structure-function relationships of neuropilins and mechanisms of neuropilin-mediated signal transduction, details the most important roles of the neuropilins in developmental biology, and addresses their roles in various conditions such as cancer and various eye diseases. The two neuropilin genes encode scaffold receptors that can bind several different ligands, and also associate with many other receptors and modify their activity. Further, it has been confirmed that they play important roles in the shaping of major organs and tissues such as the nervous system and the vascular system, and that they can modulate immune responses. The book offers a helpful guide for biomedical researchers and all scientists active in the neurosciences, vascular and molecular biology, as well as developmental biology and immunology.

Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Download or read book Amphioxus Immunity written by An-Long Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphioxus Immunity: Tracing the Origin of Human Immunity covers a remarkable range of information about Amphioxus and its evolutionary context. This compilation of what is currently known about Amphioxus, with a sharp focus on its immune system, includes 13 topics, such as: Amphioxus as a model for understanding the evolution of vertebrates basic knowledge of immunology immune organs and cells of amphioxus a genomic and transcriptomic view of the Amphioxus immunity pattern recognition system in Amphioxus transcription factors in Amphioxus the complement system of Amphioxus the oxidative burst system in Amphioxus immune effectors in Amphioxus lipid signaling of immune response in Amphioxus apoptosis in amphioxus; primitive adaptive immune system of Amphioxus and future research directions This valuable reference book is loaded with information that will be useful for anyone who wishes to learn more about the origin of vertebrates and adaptive immunity. Provides new evidence on the origin of the adaptive immune system, the evolution of innate immunity, and evolution-stage specific immune defense mechanisms Not only presents the cells and molecules involved in the adaptive immune response in Amphioxus, but also characterizes the origination and evolution of the gene families and pathways involved in innate immunity Includes much pioneering work, from the molecular, genomic, and cellular to the individual level

Download or read book Galectins written by Sean R. Stowell and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galectins: Methods and Protocols is the first book solely dedicated to methodological approaches designed to study galectin function. The galectin family represents one of the most pleiotropic families, with individual members having been implicated in various aspects of nearly every biological process described, from RNA splicing to complex regulatory circuits that orchestrate adaptive immunity. Given the diverse roles of galectins in a variety of biological systems, studying these glycan binding proteins often requires the assimilation of diverse technical skills to fully appreciate their biological function. Their nearly ubiquitous expression and ability to bind highly modifiable carbohydrate ligands, in addition to a variety of other regulatory proteins, allows these glycan binding proteins (GBPs) to possess the capacity to regulate a wide variety of biological processes. Individual chapters are dedicated to examining salient features of galectin functions. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Galectins: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with a useful framework when examining galectin function for many years to come.

Download or read book DNA Genealogy written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA genealogy is a new field of science which considers patterns of mutations, which are different in different human lineages, in the DNA of present-day humans and of our ancient ancestors. Since the DNA is often preserved in ancient excavated bones, including those in archaeological burials, and can be recovered and studied, this approach allows us to compare the mutation patterns in the course of centuries and millennia. This in turn provides us with a knowledge of how often the mutations occur, that they are gradually changed over centuries and millennia, and, hence, calibrate the rate of mutations in various sites of the DNA in terms of time. In other words, it gives us a “molecular tool” aiming at establishing chronology of events along the ancient history of the humankind. Since the DNA is a molecule, DNA genealogy is also called the “Molecular History”. This is a subject of this book. The book begins with an explanation of what is a nature of mutations in the DNA, why the mutations are random, how to measure their rates, in terms of how many mutations occur in the DNA over centuries and millennia, therefore, to calculate their mutation rate constants. This first part of the book provides the reader with many examples of how DNA genealogy employs the mutation rates to uncover hidden puzzles of ancient human history, such as when Homo sapiens first appeared, who were ancient Europeans, Asians, Africans, Americans compared with their present-day descendants in terms of their DNA lineages, and introduces a rather simple calculator which everyone can run on their personal computer devices, iPhones, etc. to conduct such calculations of ancient chronology. Subsequent chapters of the book consider such controversial issues as whether early people came “out of Africa” or “into Africa” (both hypotheses have their supporters among scientists), who were the ancient Aryans and why their language obtained – much later – a name “Indo-European”, where was a homeland of a majority of nowadays Europeans and Native Americans (a hint – South Siberia), who were ancient Jews and Arabs and when their actual common ancestor lived, what DNA was revealed from a few Khazar burials, why look-alike ancient ceramics, made many thousand years ago, was found both in Europe and Asia, how ancient and contemporary languages are connected with the DNA of people, both ancient and contemporary. The book is targeted for multidisciplinary scientists as well as students and advanced general readership.

Download or read book Glycobiology and Drug Design written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will update existing publications on carbohydrate-based drug design and further shape the emerging data and thinking in this new area.

Download or read book Cancer and IgE written by Manuel L. Penichet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Manuel L. Penichet 1. 1 Background Infectious diseases, being the major burden in the history of mankind worldwide th until the beginning of the 20 century, were important triggers in the understanding of immunological mechanisms. In contrast to infectious diseases, reports of all- gies and cancers were less common, but increased tremendously within the last century. Based on the US mortality data of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009, a recent report from the American Cancer Society indicated that the number of cancer deaths increased approximately from 100,000 to 550,000 per year between 1930 and 2006, paralleling the increase of the total population during this period. Leading causes of death from cancer are lung and bronchus cancer, in men prostate cancer, and in women breast c- cer [1, 2]. Normalization to population size shows that the cancer death rate for most malignancies has been generally stable, although the mortality rate of certain malignancies, such as lung and bronchus cancer, has increased over the last 50 years [1-3]. In allergy, the situation is less clear, because for the time period around the turn of th the 19 century, only imprecise information is available. However, within the last 30 years the incidences of allergies has doubled not only in industrial countries, but in developing countries as well [4].

Download or read book Transforming Glycoscience written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans-also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars-play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields.

Download or read book Lacrimal Gland Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes 2 written by David A. Sullivan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, a significant international research effort has been di rected toward understanding the composition and regulation of the preocular tear film. This effort has been motivated by the recognition that the tear film plays an essential role in maintaining corneal and conjunctival integrity, protecting against microbial challenge, and preserving visual acuity. In addition, research has been stimulated by the knowledge that alteration or deficiency of the tear film, which occurs in countless individuals throughout the world, may lead to desiccation of the ocular surface, ulceration and perfo ration of the cornea, an increased incidence of infectious disease, and, potentially, pro nounced visual disability and blindness. To promote further progress in this field of vision research, the Second International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance was held at the Southampton Princess Resort in Bermuda November 16-19, 1996. This conference was organized and directed by David A. Sullivan, Ph. D. , codirected by Darlene A. Dartt, Ph. D. , and Michele A. Meneray, Ph. D. , and sponsored by the Schepens Eye Research Institute (Boston, MA), an affiliate of Harvard Medical School. The meeting was designed to assess critically the current knowledge and "state of the art" research on the structure and function of lacrimal tissue, tears, and the ocular sur face in both health and disease.

Download or read book Lectin in Host Defense Against Microbial Infections written by Shie-Liang Hsieh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systemically presents the latest research on lectins, covering all the major topics in the field, including the heterocomplex of lectins and Toll-like receptors, protective versus pathogenic functions in connection with microbial infections, and novel strategies for enhancing host immunity against infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Lectins are a large group of glycan-binding proteins that recognize diverse glycan and non-glycan structures expressed on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and are vital to cell-cell interactions, the attachment of microbes to host cells, and the recognition and activation of immune responses to exogenous and endogenous danger signals. The composition and structure of microbes are complex and include numerous ‘pathogen-associated molecular patterns’ or ‘damage-associated molecular patterns’. As such, microbes’ interactions with immune cells activate multiple innate immunity receptors and produce distinct inflammatory reactions, which can be protective to contain microbial invasion, or pathogenic to cause tissue damage and shock syndrome in the host. The book shares lessons learned from state-of-the art research in this field, highlights the latest discoveries, and provides insightful discussions on lectin-mediated inflammatory reactions, while also outlining future research directions.