Download or read book Gains in Productivity of Farm Labor written by Reuben William Hecht and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gains in Productivity of Farm Labor written by Reuben William Hecht and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gains in Productivity of Farm Labor written by Reuben William Hecht and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior written by Wolfram Schlenker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural yields have increased steadily in the last half century, particularly since the Green Revolution. At the same time, inflation-adjusted agricultural commodity prices have been trending downward as increases in supply outpace the growth of demand. Recent severe weather events, biofuel mandates, and a switch toward a more meat-heavy diet in emerging economies have nevertheless boosted commodity prices. Whether this is a temporary jump or the beginning of a longer-term trend is an open question. Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior examines the factors contributing to the remarkably steady increase in global yields and assesses whether yield growth can continue. This research also considers whether agricultural productivity growth has been, and will be, associated with significant environmental externalities. Among the topics studied are genetically modified crops; changing climatic factors; farm production responses to government regulations including crop insurance, transport subsidies, and electricity subsidies for groundwater extraction; and the role of specific farm practices such as crop diversification, disease management, and water-saving methods. This research provides new evidence that technological as well as policy choices influence agricultural productivity.

Download or read book Productivity Trends 1909 to 1950 Agriculture written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Harvesting Prosperity written by Keith Fuglie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back cover blurb Rising agricultural productivity has driven improvements in living standards for millennia. Today, redoubling that effort in developing countries is critical to reducing extreme poverty, ensuring food security for an increasing global population, and adapting to changes in climate. This volume presents fresh analysis on global trends and sources of productivity growth in agriculture and offers new perspectives on the drivers of that growth. It argues that gains from the reallocation of land and labor are not as promising as believed, so policy needs to focus more on the generation and dissemination of new technologies, which requires stepping up national research efforts. Yet, in many of the poorest nations, a serious research spending gap has emerged precisely at the time when the challenges faced by agriculture are intensifying. The book focuses on how this problem can be redressed in the public sector, as well as on reforms aimed at mobilizing new private sector actors and value chains, particularly creating a better enabling environment, reforming trade regulations, introducing new products, and strengthening intellectual property rights. On the demand side, the book examines what recent research reveals about policies to reduce the barriers impeding smallholder farmers from adopting new technologies. Harvesting Prosperity is the fourth volume of the World Bank Productivity Project, which seeks to bring frontier thinking on the measurement and determinants of productivity to global policy makers. “As rightly argued by the authors, growth in agricultural productivity is the essential instrument to promote development in low-income agriculture-based countries. Achieving this requires research and development, upgrading of universities, reinforcement of farmer capacities, removal of constraints to adoption, and the development of inclusive value chains with interlinked contracts. As important, such efforts also need to be placed within a context of comprehensive agricultural, rural, and structural transformations. However, in many countries implementation of the requisite policies has been lagging. This book, with contributions from many top experts in the field, provides the most up-to-date presentation of this argument and explains in detail how to successfully put its ideas into practice. Governments, the private sector, and civil society organizations need to study it carefully to turn the promise of agriculture for development into a reality.“ Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet Professors of the Graduate School, University of California at Berkeley

Download or read book The Shifting Patterns of Agricultural Production and Productivity Worldwide written by Julian M. Alston and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we assemble a range of evidence from a range of sources with a view to developing an improved understanding of recent trends in agricultural productivity around the world. The fundamental purpose is to better understand the nature of the long-term growth in the supply of food and its principal determinants. We pursue this purpose from two perspectives. One is from a general interest in the world food situation in the long run. The other is from an interest in the implications of U.S. and global productivity patterns for U.S. agriculture.

Download or read book The Farm Labor Problem written by J. Edward Taylor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Farm Labor Problem: A Global Perspective explores the unique character of agricultural labor markets and the implications for food production, farm worker welfare and advocacy, and immigration policy. Agricultural labor markets differ from other labor markets in fundamental ways related to seasonality and uncertainty, and they evolve differently than other labor markets as economies develop. We weave economic analysis with the history of agricultural labor markets using data and real-world events. The farm labor history of California and the United States is particularly rich, so it plays a central role in the book, but the book has a global perspective ensuring its relevance to Europe and high-income Asian countries. The chapters in this book provide readers with the basics for understanding how farm labor markets work (labor in agricultural household models, farm labor supply and demand, spatial market equilibria); farm labor and immigration policy; farm labor organizing; farm employment and rural poverty; unionization and the United Farm Workers movement; the Fair Food Program as a new approach to collective bargaining; the declining immigrant farm labor supply; and what economic development in relatively low-income countries portends for the future of agriculture in the United States and other high-income countries. The book concludes with a chapter called "Robots in the Fields," which extrapolates current trends to a perhaps not-so-distant future. The Farm Labor Problem serves as both a guide to policy makers, farmworker advocates and international development organizations and as a textbook for students of agricultural economics and economics. Describes the unique character of agricultural labor markets providing consequential insights Contextualizes the economics of agricultural labor with a global perspective Examines the history of farm labor, immigration, policy and collective bargaining with a view to the future

Download or read book Regulation and the Revolution in United States Farm Productivity written by Sally H. Clarke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how US government activity in the 1930s led to gains in farm productivity.

Download or read book Impacts of agricultural investments on growth and poverty A review of literature written by Martin, Will and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural development is crucial in developing countries, and particularly in the poorest countries where it accounts for large shares of employment and income and whose poverty is due simply to having a large share of the workforce in low-productivity agriculture. Raising productivity in agriculture is critically important for development, as is smoothly moving workers out of agriculture into more productive employment in other sectors. Raising agricultural productivity helps both to raise incomes and to reduce poverty-both by raising the incomes of poor people working in agriculture and by lowering the prices of foods that make up a disproportionately large share of the expenditures of poor people. In small and open economies, the in-crease in profitability of agriculture following improvements in productivity might tend to retain or even attract workers into agriculture. By contrast, at a global level, or at national level when policy focusses on self-sufficiency, improvements in agricultural productivity will free up labor for employment in other sectors. Incomes are generally much higher in non-agricultural work in developing countries-more than double those in agriculture after careful adjustment for key differences. This raises the possibility of a double dividend from structural transformation as workers move into higher-productivity activities. A key question for development policy is whether it is enough to simply evaluate the gains from higher productivity within agriculture, or whether potential benefits from structural change be included as well. This paper examines the arguments on this question. It concludes that these dividends may be substantial-but whether they are or not depends on the source of the initial differences in productivity and on the direction of movement when agricultural productivity rises. If it results from policy barriers such as restrictions on the transfer of farmland or requirements for residence permits in urban areas, there are likely to be substantial welfare gains when labor moves out of agriculture. They may also be substantial if urban wages are artificially high and attract substantial numbers of job-waiters into unemployment. However, these gains may be illusory if the income gaps arise primarily from differences in skills or from reluctance to move created by asset fixity.

Download or read book How to Stabilize Your Farm Work Force written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determinants of Productivity Quality and Labor Supply written by Alexandra Estvan Hill and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ongoing shortages of agricultural workers have increased concerns about long-run sustainability for many U.S. producers. Particularly for producers of labor-intensive crops, employers are worried that labor shortages will lead to unharvested fields, lower outputs, and falling profits. Employers, policy makers, and academics can benefit from understanding factors that affect worker productivity, output quality, and worker labor supply. In my dissertation, I examine the effects of a minimum wage increase on worker productivity, the link between a worker's speed and the quality of output produced, and the determinants of intensive-margin labor supply. As a whole, my dissertation sheds light on behavioral responses to incentives in the workplace and shows how these responses can cause inefficiencies in federal, state, and employer policies. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I study how minimum wages and piece rate wages can interact to affect worker productivity. In the United States, minimum wage laws set a lower bound on earnings of piece rate workers. In agriculture, piece rates and productivity levels often result in minimum wages acting as a binding earnings floor. I develop a simple theoretical framework to demonstrate how an increase in this binding wage floor can cause workers to reduce effort and thus decrease productivity. I give empirical evidence of this prediction using the payroll records of strawberry harvesters on a large farm in Northern California. Using a fixed effects model, I estimate the productivity change of the average worker in response to increases in an employer-set base wage. Results support the theoretical predictions and indicate that a three percent increase in the wage floor causes the average worker to decrease productivity by seven percent. In the second chapter, I use the same data on worker productivity to explore the relationship between a worker's speed and the quality of the output she delivers. The link between speed and quality is of direct financial interest to employers and contributes to the understanding of effects from productivity-enhancing policies in the workplace. Using a naive OLS regression, I find a negative and significant relationship between speed and quality. I then separate speed into a worker's average seasonal speed and within-day shocks to her speed. I find that the link between speed and quality is driven by shocks to speed, rather than a worker's average speed. In particular, I find that when a worker works ten percent faster than her average, the quality of her output, measured as the percent of strawberries delivered without any defects, is 0.4 percentage points lower. In light of the strong correlation between speed shocks and quality, I use an IV approach to elicit causal estimates of the effect of speed on quality through exogenous shocks to speed. I find that a ten percent increase in a worker's speed, induced by an increase in the piece rate, causes the quality of her output to decrease by four percentage points. These findings have important implications for employers in terms of optimal contract structure and monitoring. Further, the analysis presents novel evidence on worker behavior that makes significant contributions to the field of labor economics. Namely, while a large body of literature has examined the productivity-effects of various workplace policies, this is the first to document the negative externalities these impose on quality.The third chapter of my dissertation uses nationally representative data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey to examine the labor supply determinants of U.S. crop workers. In this paper, I present trends in the demographic profile of the U.S. agricultural workforce, I demonstrate the link between intensive-margin labor supply and the changing demographic characteristics, and I examine the potential of various employer policies for increasing intensive-margin labor supply. I find statistically significant differences in labor supply across several key demographic characteristics: citizenship status, age, parental status, and gender. I find that native-born citizens work fewer hours per week and fewer weeks per year than both documented and undocumented immigrant workers. I find that middle-aged workers (aged 25-44) work more hours per week than younger or older workers, but older workers (aged 45 and up) work more weeks each year. I find that parents work significantly more weeks per year than non-parents but work a similar number of hours. Males work significantly more hours and weeks than females. I additionally show causal evidence on the effects of various employer policies on intensive-margin labor supply. Among offering higher wages, health benefits, or pay bonuses, I find that bonuses are the only employer policy that statistically significantly increase worker labor supply. I find that offering a bonus causes the average worker to increase weekly hours of labor by ten percent and to increase annual weeks working in agriculture by 6.5 weeks. My findings imply that the way in which the the agricultural workforce is aging will cause the hours and weeks of labor provided by employed farmworkers to increase, while the changes in gender and family composition will cause labor supply to decrease. Further, my findings suggest that an effective employer option for increasing both hours and weeks of work in agriculture is to offer workers bonuses. These findings bear importance for employers, academics, and policy makers seeking to better understand the US agricultural workforce.

Download or read book Labor Management in Agriculture written by Gregory Encina Billikopf and published by University of California Agricultu Agricultural Issues Cente. This book was released on 2003 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Productivity Prices and Incomes written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Productivity of Agriculture written by Ralph Arthur Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science for Agriculture written by Wallace E. Huffman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science for Agriculture was the first thorough quantitative and analytical treatment of the history of the U.S. agricultural research system and as such has served as the foundation for research over the 10 years since its publication. The benefits from public and private investment in agricultural research are immense and should be understood by every student of the agricultural science system in the United States. The second edition updates important landmarks, components, characteristics, and trends of the U.S. system for developing and applying science to increase the productivity and advancements of agriculture. Science for Agriculture, 2e, is essential reading for agriculture educators and researchers, Land Grant administrators, food and agri-industry R&D and all others who need to understand the factors that will influence future public agricultural research policy.

Download or read book The Agricultural Exodus in the Philippines Are Wage Differentials Driving the Process written by Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lagging labor reallocations outside agriculture amid sustained low agricultural productivity have been a key feature in the Philippines over the past 15 years. An analysis of the labor adjustments in and out of agriculture shows that a variety of factors have influenced this process. We find that the widening of wage differentials with non-agricultural sectors, improvements in labor market efficiency, and better transport infrastructure are largely associated with growing outflows of labor from agriculture, whilst the lack of post-primary education and the presence of agricultural clusters hinder such outflows. In contrast to the traditional view that agricultural employment outflows are largely driven by productivity differences and wage differentials, our results emphasize the roles of education as well as transport infrastructure in facilitating labor reallocations from agriculture to non-agriculture.