Download or read book Future Trends in Launch Services Commercial and Government written by and published by Information Gatekeepers Inc. This book was released on with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Launching Space Objects Issues of Liability and Future Prospects written by V. Kayser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Launch activities performed by private entities deal with a complex legal environment. The Space Treaties provide a general liability framework. Launch participants are subject to regulatory or institutional control, and to domestic liability laws. Specific contractual practice has developed due to insurance limitations, the inter-participants' waivers of liability and claims. This book synthesizes information on the norms of play, to allow the grasp of their relative weight and interactions in the assessment of liability risk for launch activities. It reveals a legal framework presently lacking sufficient predictability for an efficient liability risk management: the waivers of liability suffer weaknesses as do all such clauses, and lack uniformity and reliability; and the Space Treaties contain ambiguous terms preventing predictable determination of the States responsible for authorizing and supervising launch activities and for damage compensation, and do not reflect the liability of launch operators. This book offers suggestions of new approaches for: harmonizing waivers of liability to improve their consistency, validity and flow-down; and improving the Space Treaties for their implementation to non-governmental launch activities. In the launch community, the need for lawmaking is less compelling than in fields such as aviation. Nevertheless, adjustments to the present framework are proposed through model clauses and an international instrument, for further thinking and contribution by those sharing the opinion that creative lawmaking is needed now to prepare for tomorrow's endeavors.
Download or read book Exploiting the New Commercial Space Race written by Milton E. Blackwood (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA) of 1984 facilitated the involvement of private enterprise in US Government space and space technology activities, including space launch. In 1995, the Department of Defense (DoD) created the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program to obtain commercial launch services to ensure affordable space access for US national security satellites. The DoD's acquisition strategy anticipated a strong market for launching commercial satellites that would drive down cost for launching government satellites. The commercial market demand failed to materialize. Since 2006, a joint venture created between Lockheed Martin and Boeing, United Launch Alliance (ULA), has provided launches for the EELV on a sole-source basis. Recently the landscape of the commercial space launch industry is being changed by a new group of entrepreneurs motivated by broader interests other than only launching satellites. Despite national and DoD policies that support commercial competition for launching US satellites, the DoD has been cautious to fully embrace the commercial competition in the EELV program. The EELV now faces the possibility of having to move from one sole-source launch provider to another. This paper will examine how the US Government can attract a new generation of innovators to compete for launch service contracts and ensure that US space access is not dependent on foreign-made systems"--Abstract.
Download or read book Commercial Space Transportation written by U.s. Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-05 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The commercial space launch industry is changing as NASA plans to begin procuring commercial cargo transportation services to the International Space Station later this year and companies are developing vehicles that could carry passengers for space tourism flights. FAA is responsible for overseeing the safety of commercial space launches and promoting the industry. A catastrophic commercial space launch accident could result in injuries or property damage to the public, or "third parties." In anticipation of such an event, launch companies are required to purchase launch insurance, per calculations done by FAA and, under the Commercial Space Launch Act, the federal government is potentially liable for claims above that amount of purchased insurance. Unless reauthorized, the indemnification provision expires this year. This testimony addresses (1) trends and forecasts in the commercial space launch industry and challenges FAA faces in overseeing and promoting the industry, (2) preliminary information on issues concerning federal indemnification for third party losses, and (3) challenges to global competitiveness for the U.S. commercial space launch industry. This statement is based on a past GAO report and testimonies on commercial space launches, updated with information GAO gathered from FAA and NASA on industry trends and recent FAA and NASA actions, and"
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Commercial Space Transportation written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since a peak of 22 U.S. commercial space launches in fiscal year 1998, the annual number of launches generally ranged from 4 to 9 launches. The number of commercial space launches is expected to increase in the next 8 years as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to procure 51 launches from commercial cargo companies to resupply the International Space Station. FAA also expects space tourism to begin in the next several years, although no companies have applied for a FAA launch license and companies developing these services have experienced delays in the past. FAA faces several challenges overseeing the commercial space launch industry. For example, FAA expects its licensing and oversight responsibilities to expand in anticipation of an increased private sector role, suggesting that FAA and Congress must remain vigilant so that potential conflicts in FAA's safety oversight and industry promotion roles do not occur. Also, as the commercial space launch industry grows and FAA continues to implement NextGen-FAA's effort to develop a more automated, aircraft-centered, satellite-based air traffic management system-the agency will have to manage a mix of earth-based aircraft and space vehicles. FAA has begun to consider integrating spaceflight operations into NextGen. In past work, GAO recommended that FAA take several actions to improve its oversight of commercial space launches, including monitoring indicators of space tourism safety. FAA has taken some steps to address the recommendations. Several factors have implications for federal indemnification policy. For example, under the current policy, the potential increase in the number of commercial space launches increases the probability of a catastrophic accident and the possibility of a cost to the federal government. Also, GAO's preliminary work has raised questions about the soundness of the method currently used by FAA to calculate the amount of insurance that launch companies must purchase: FAA has not updated crucial components, such as the cost of a casualty, and its method is outdated, according to insurance industry officials and risk modeling experts. If the current indemnification policy is eliminated, the actual effects on the global competitiveness of the U.S. commercial space launch industry are unknown, in part, because it is not known whether launch customers might choose foreign launch companies over U.S. companies. However, launch companies said that the lack of government indemnification would decrease their global competitiveness by increasing launch costs. The competitiveness of U.S. commercial space launch companies is affected by higher launch prices than those charged by companies in other countries and U.S. export controls, which affect U.S. companies' ability to sell services abroad. The U.S. government has responded to foreign competition by providing the U.S. launch industry research and development funds, use of federal launch facilities, and indemnification for a portion of third-party claims.
Download or read book Insurance and the U S Commercial Space Launch Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evolutionary Approach to Space Launch Commercialization written by Brian G. Chow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study classifies launch contracts into three types: government (GLs), commercial (CLs) and commercial-like launches (CLLs). Contrary to a view that GLs are more reliable, it found that the launch reliabilities under all three types cannot be considered statistically different with 95 percent confidence. An analytic approach was developed to determine whether a particular government launch program should be procured commercially. The study recommends an evolutionary approach to space launch commercialization, starting with small launchers and then medium-lift launchers such as the Deltas and Atlases. Whether the Titan IVs should be commercialized in the future depends on how well the commercialization of medium-lift launchers fares. The study also recommends that the Department of Defense concentrate its new launcher development on the most commercially relevant range, which is the capability to lift 10,000 to 50,000 pounds of payload into low earth orbits. Other recommendations are related to the deletion of undesirable contract features and steps to strengthen launch competitiveness.
Download or read book National Security Space Launch Report written by Forrest McCartney and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2006 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1994, the National Space Transportation Policy laid the framework for appropriate government agencies to maintain strong launch systems and infrastructure while modernizing space transportation capabilities and encouraging cost reductions. More than a decade later, through combined Department of Defense (DoD) and industrial investment, the two Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) families of U.S. rockets (Atlas V and Delta IV) have proved to be maturing, reliable state-of-the-art technologies. In 2004, Congress directed the Secretary of Defense to establish a panel of experts with extensive space launch and operations background to address the future National Security Space launch requirements and the means of meeting those requirements. DoD selected RAND to facilitate and support this panel in its deliberations between May 2005 and May 2006. This report analyzes the National Security Space (NSS) Launch Requirements Panel's major findings and recommendations. In short, the Panel concludes that, because basic rocketry principles, use of chemically derived thrust, and multiple expendable stages seem certain to remain the design of choice for operational space launch vehicles, the EELV can satisfy all known and projected NSS requirements through 2020.
Download or read book Commercial Space Transportation written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The commercial space transportation industry provides launch services that enable national-security and commercial satellites, among other things, to be sent into orbit for government and private customers. Continued growth and evolution in the industry is expected as reliance on space-based applications increases. AST is charged with overseeing the industry, including licensing and monitoring launch vehicle operations. GAO was asked to review developments in this industry. This report (1) describes FAA’s actions to integrate commercial space launches into the national airspace and (2) examines how well-positioned AST is to determine its current and future workforce needs, among other objectives. GAO is making four recommendations on workforce planning to AST, including that AST establish a timeline for finalizing longer-term workload projections and that AST ensure that it collects information from staff on skills and competencies in those areas that are currently needed and may be needed in the future.
Download or read book Commercial Space Launch System Requirements written by P. N. Fuller and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents recommended requirements of the commercial spacecraft and space launch industries for the next generation of space launch systems. It was prepared by the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC), which advises the Secretary of Transportation on commercial space industry issues. This report supersedes the "Commercial Space Launch System Requirements", dated 5 April 1993 (reference 1). The COMSTAC has consistently urged that commercial requirements for launch services be included in the design basis of the next launch system developed by the U.S. Government for access to space for its security and civil science payloads. The COMSTAC believes that developing the next generation launch systems based on requirements which include those of the commercial satellite industry ensures a substantial commercial user base that would result in the cost of government launch services being substantially less than if the launch systems were optimized for Government payloads only. The COMSTAC also believes that it is in the best interest of the spacecraft manufacturers to have a healthy, competitive U.S. launch vehicle fleet to draw upon. This report is intended to be used as a source of the commercial space launch industry requirements for future launch systems, including the proposed Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) and the proposed Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV).
Download or read book An Evolutionary Approach to Space Launch Commercialization written by Brian G. Chow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study classifies launch contracts into three types: government (GLs), commercial (CLs) and commercial-like launches (CLLs). Contrary to a view that GLs are more reliable, it found that the launch reliabilities under all three types cannot be considered statistically different with 95 percent confidence. An analytic approach was developed to determine whether a particular government launch program should be procured commercially. The study recommends an evolutionary approach to space launch commercialization, starting with small launchers and then medium-lift launchers such as the Deltas and Atlases. Whether the Titan IVs should be commercialized in the future depends on how well the commercialization of medium-lift launchers fares. The study also recommends that the Department of Defense concentrate its new launcher development on the most commercially relevant range, which is the capability to lift 10,000 to 50,000 pounds of payload into low earth orbits. Other recommendations are related to the deletion of undesirable contract features and steps to strengthen launch competitiveness.
Download or read book Commercial Space Launch System Requirements written by P. N. Fuller and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents recommended requirements of the commercial spacecraft and space launch industries for the next generation of space launch systems. It was prepared by the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC), which advises the Secretary of Transportation on commercial space industry issues. This report supersedes the "Commercial Space Launch System Requirements", dated 5 April 1993 (reference 1). The COMSTAC has consistently urged that commercial requirements for launch services be included in the design basis of the next launch system developed by the U.S. Government for access to space for its security and civil science payloads. The COMSTAC believes that developing the next generation launch systems based on requirements which include those of the commercial satellite industry ensures a substantial commercial user base that would result in the cost of government launch services being substantially less than if the launch systems were optimized for Government payloads only. The COMSTAC also believes that it is in the best interest of the spacecraft manufacturers to have a healthy, competitive U.S. launch vehicle fleet to draw upon. This report is intended to be used as a source of the commercial space launch industry requirements for future launch systems, including the proposed Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) and the proposed Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV).
Download or read book Commercial Space Launch Industry written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) plan to spend about $15 billion for launch services from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2017 through DOD's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program. The program launches satellites for military, intelligence, civil, and commercial customers. In 2009, DOD and the NRO decided the program's business model needed improvement, and initiated studies to determine the best approach. The studies addressed potential business models, cost reductions, and the nation's assured access to space. Given expected changes to the EELV acquisition strategy, GAO was asked to (1) determine whether DOD has the knowledge it needs to develop a new EELV acquisition strategy, and (2) identify issues that could benefit future launch acquisitions. To address these questions, GAO reviewed launch studies, a supplier survey, and interviewed DOD and other officials. Among other things, GAO recommends DOD assess engine costs and mission assurance activities, reassess the length of the proposed block buy, and consider how to address broader launch acquisition and technology development issues. DOD generally concurred with the recommendations.
Download or read book Expendable Launch Vehicles Technology A Report to the Us Senate and the Us House of Representatives written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-28 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As directed in Public Law 100-657, Commercial Space Launch Act Amendments of 1988, and consistent with National Space Policy, NASA has prepared a report on a potential program of research on technologies to reduce the initial and recurring costs, increase reliability, and improve performance of expendable launch vehicles for the launch of commercial and government spacecraft into orbit. The report was developed in consultation with industry and in recognition of relevant ongoing and planned NASA and DoD technology programs which will provide much of the required launch systems technology for U.S. Government needs. Additional efforts which could be undertaken to strengthen the technology base are identified. To this end, focus is on needs for launch vehicle technology development and, in selected areas, includes verification to permit private-sector new technology application at reduced risk. If such a program were to be implemented, it would entail both government and private-sector effort and resources. The additional efforts identified would augment the existing launch vehicle technology programs. The additional efforts identified have not been funded, based upon agency assessments of relative priority vis-a-vis the existing programs. Throughout the consultation and review process, the industry representatives stressed the overriding importance of continuing the DoD/NASA Advanced Launch Development activity and other government technology programs as a primary source of essential launch vehicle technology. Unspecified Center...
Download or read book Commercial Space Launch Industry written by Bill Frist and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-10 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
