Download or read book Probability Modeling and Statistical Inference in Cancer Screening written by Dongfeng Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer screening has been carried out for six decades – however, there are many unsolved problems: how to estimate key parameters involved in screenings, such as sensitivity, the time duration in the preclinical state (i.e., sojourn time), and time duration in the disease-free state; how to estimate the distribution of lead time, the diagnosis time advanced by screening; how to evaluate the long-term outcomes of screening, including the probability of overdiagnosis among the screen-detected; when to schedule the first exam based on one’s current age and risk tolerance; and when to schedule the upcoming exam based on one’s screening history, age, and risk tolerance. These problems need proper probability models and statistical methods in order to be dealt with. Features: This book gives a concise account of the analysis of cancer screening data, using probability models and statistical methods. Real data sets are provided so that cancer researchers and statisticians can apply the methods in the learning process. It develops statistical methods in the commonly used disease progressive model. It provides solutions to practical problems and introduces open problems. It provides a framework for the most recent developments based on the author’s research. The book is primarily aimed at researchers and practitioners from biostatistics and cancer research. Readers should have the prerequisite knowledge of calculus, probability, and statistical inference. The book could be used as a one-semester textbook on the topic of cancer screening methodology for a graduate-level course.
Download or read book Screening for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than five decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection (SSI). Despite the adoption of infection-control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most U.S. hospitals steadily increased for many years, but it is now decreasing. While the decrease in the incidence of MRSA infection may be due to efforts to screen for MRSA carriage, it may also be due to secular trends (such as efforts to improve patient safety) and to confounders (such as efforts to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics and to decrease healthcare-associated infections in general, including catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and SSI). A number of analyses suggest that MRSA infections are associated with increased mortality and cost of care when compared with those due to strains that are susceptible to methicillin. Even the availability of newer pharmaceutical agents with specific activity against MRSA has not ameliorated the challenge of caring for patients with MRSA. The widespread use of these agents has been limited, in part due to toxicity, cost, and uncertainty as to optimal indications. The management and control of MRSA have been further complicated by dramatic changes in the epidemiology of transmission and infection observed over the past two decades. Specifically, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin, once exclusively linked to hospital care, have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection. Community-acquired MRSA has been linked to outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities. Conventional strategies for the control of MRSA have focused on the prevention of spread from patient to patient. The effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA has been demonstrated in observational studies in which hand hygiene promotion campaigns were associated with subsequent reductions in the incidence of MRSA among hospitalized patients. While hand hygiene remains important in the effort to control MRSA transmission, the continued spread of the pathogen after its initial introduction in most facilities has prompted efforts to identify additional strategies. The use of contact isolation-including the donning of gowns and gloves when interacting with patients colonized or infected with MRSA and the assignment of such patients to single rooms or to a room with a group of affected patients-has been widely promoted and adopted. Such isolation precautions now are the centerpiece of most authoritative guidelines for MRSA control. Despite the broad consensus associated with the use of contact isolation for MRSA prevention, the specific evidence in support of this practice remains limited and indirect. The objective of this review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients, as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations, and compared them with no screening or with screening of selected patient populations. The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies that included screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization.
Download or read book Screening For Good Health written by Dr Kerry Kirke and published by Melbourne Univ. Publishing. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Screening for Good Health is a practical guide to help you make sense of the hundreds of health messages that we are bombarded with each year. Whether or not there is a family history of a particular illness, screening and immunisation are smart, simple steps anyone can take to counter preventable diseases. Prepared by experts in their field, Screening for Good Health gives an overview of the stages in life, the screening tests and immunisations that are relevant to each age bracket, and the importance of your own record-keeping. An alphabetical listing covers every illness from Alzheimer’s Disease through to Osteoporosis to Tuberculosis. For each preventable illness, the entry provides up-to-date information on: - its symptoms - risk factors - disease progression - protective lifestyle choices an individual may consider - the screening tests available - the health services at your disposal, and - the treatment available. Also included is a comprehensive travel health section, with a convenient checklist covering all aspects of health protection during travel, and a first-aid guide.
Download or read book DNA based Population Screening for Precision Public Health written by Laura V. Milko and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Throughput Screening in Chemical Catalysis written by Alfred Hagemeyer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first book to present every important aspect of this fascinating and developing field, the three editors A. Hagemeyer, P. Strasser and A. F. Volpe Jr. from Symyx Technologies have chosen a perfect mixture of distinguished, international authors from both academia and industry. Each chapter is devoted to a major topic - high-throughput experimentation methodologies, integrated combinatorial synthesis and screening workflow, and applications to chemical catalysts with an emphasis on heterogeneous catalysis, olefin polymerization and electrocatalysis for fuel cells. An indispensable source for everyone working in the field.
Download or read book Cancer Prevention and Screening written by Rosalind A. Eeles and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Council Chair's Choice Award at the 2019 British Medical Association Awards. Cancer Prevention and Screening offers physicians and all clinical healthcare professionals a comprehensive, useful source of the latest information on cancer screening and prevention with both a global and a multidisciplinary perspective. Includes background information on epidemiology, cancer prevention, and cancer screening, for quick reference Offers the latest information for clinical application of the most recent techniques in prevention and screening of all major and many lesser cancer types Emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in cancer screening Highlights frequent dilemmas and difficulties encountered during cancer screening Provides clear-cut clinical strategies for optimal patient education, communication, and compliance with cancer prevention techniques
Download or read book Prevention and Screening An Issue of Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice written by Joanna L Drowos and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, Guest Edited by Dr. Joanna L. Drowos, is devoted to Prevention and Screening. Articles in this issue include: Lifestyle Changes for Disease Prevention; Aspirin and the Drugs of Life Saving Benefit; Cardiovascular Disease: Hypertension Prevention; Diabetes Care and Prevention; Immunizations; Pediatric Screening: Anemia, Development, Lead; Geriatric Screening; Screening for Breast Cancer; Screening for Cervical Cancer; Screening for Colon Cancer; Screening for Prostate Cancer; Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections; and Screening for Osteoporosis.
Download or read book A Review of the Airport Private Security Screening Pilot Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Aviation and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism written by H. Bickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although neonatal screening was begun only 20 years ago, and is consequently still in its early stages, it is already a classic example of efficient preventive pediatrics. At present, routine neonatal screening covering a satisfactory percentage of newborn babies is carried out in only a small part ofthe world. For some five diseases enough infants have been screened to give reasonably reliable information about the frequency of these diseases in various populations. Interesting differences are beginning to appear in popula tions of different ethnic and racial background. The medical importance of neonatal screening is especially obvious in metabolic diseases that are not too rare and for which effective treatment depends upon an early diagnosis, such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and - a more recent screening pro gram - hypothyroidism. About 1 of 4000 newborns is affected with hypothyroidism and can receive timely substitution with thyroid hormone. Of 34.5 million babies tested for phenylketonuria, 3000 cases have been diagnosed in time to prevent mental retardation by means of dietary therapy.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Screening written by Nehmat Houssami and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast Cancer Screening: Making Sense of Complex and Evolving Evidence covers broad aspects of breast cancer screening specifically focusing on current evidence, emerging evidence, and issues that will be critical for future breast screening practice such as tailored screening and shared decision-making in breast screening. The scope of the book is relevant to a global audience. This book provides balanced perspectives on this increasingly controversial topic, using scientific evidence to explain the evolution of knowledge relating to breast cancer screening. Breast Cancer Screening covers the key points related to this debate including the context of increasingly complex and conflicting evidence, divergent opinions on the benefits and harms of breast screening, and variability in screening practice and outcomes across settings around the world. - Explains complex and evolving evidence on breast screening with a balanced approach - Provides balanced information and up-to-date evidence in an increasingly complex area - Addresses emerging topical issues such as screening trials of digital breast tomosynthesis, tailored breast screening, and shared decision-making in breast screening - Assists academics and researchers in identifying areas needing further research
Download or read book Background Screening and Investigations written by W. Barry Nixon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hiring highly qualified people is crucial to every company, and Background Screening and Investigations is an essential guide to succeeding in a turbulent business environment. A crucial part of any hiring process should be employment background screening, pre- and post-hire, which gives hiring personnel a glimpse into a person's past behavior patterns, propensities, and likely future behavior. Background Screening and Investigations describes all aspects of the employment background screening processes - its history and evolution, the imperative for implementing a screening process, and the creation of a comprehensive policy. Nixon and Kerr show how security and human resources professionals can work together to negotiate legal hurdles and make their background screening process successful.* Where do HR and security perspectives differ on hot topics like hiring convicted felons, data protection, and sexual predators? * What does state law allow when screening job candidates? * How should companies deal with emerging issues like international background investigations and continuous (Infinity) screening of current employees?
Download or read book Neonatal Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects written by Andrew Ewer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are potentially life-threatening malformations that remain a significant cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Failure to diagnose these conditions shortly after birth may result in acute cardiovascular collapse and death. The identification of CCHDs by routine newborn clinical examination is routine in many countries, but consistently misses over a third of cases, and, although antenatal ultrasound screening can be very effective in early diagnosis, the provision and accuracy of ultrasound screening is highly variable. As most CCHDs present with mild cyanosis (hypoxaemia), which is frequently clinically undetectable, pulse oximetry is a rapid, simple, painless method of accurately identifying hypoxaemia, which has gained popularity as a screen for CCHD. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening, devoted to "Neonatal Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects (CCHDs)", will consider the evidence for CCHD screening with pulse oximetry, the acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention, the additional non-cardiac conditions which it may also identify, and international experiences of introducing CCHD screening across the globe.
Download or read book Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications written by Mark Wigglesworth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling an obvious gap in the scientific literature, this practice-oriented reference is the first to tie together the working knowledge of large screening centers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological field. It spans the entire fi eld of this emerging discipline, from compound acquisition to collection optimization for specific purposes, to technology and quality control. In so doing, it applies two decades of expertise gathered by several large pharmaceutical companies to current and future challenges in high-throughput screening. With its treatment of libraries of small molecules as well as biobanks containing biomolecules, microorganisms and tissue samples, this reference is universally applicable for any molecular scientist involved in a large screening program.
Download or read book Lung Cancer Screening An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics written by Gaetano Rocco and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung Cancer Screening is reviewed extensively in this important Thoracic Surgery Clinics of North America issue. Articles include: CT screening: The Early Lung Cancer Action Program Experience; Lung Cancer Screening: The Mayo Experience; National Lung Screening Trial; Health Risks from CT Lung Cancer Screening; The European Perspective of Lung Cancer Screening; Surgeons and Lung Cancer Screening: Rules of Engagement; The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Recommendations for Lung Cancer Screening; The United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations for Lung Cancer Screening; Current Estimate of Costs of Lung Cancer Screening in the US; Refining Strategies to Identify Population to be Screened for Lung Cancer; Long-term Oncologic and Financial Implications of Lung Cancer Screening; and more!
Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Screening Equipment Handbook written by Thomas M. Pankratz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition summarizes screening equipment options available for industrial and municipal water and wastewater treatment. It provides a consolidated source of basic design and application to assist engineers in selecting a screen best suited for the particular application.
Download or read book Hiring Practices of the U S Postal Service written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Government Information, Justice, and Agriculture Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
