Download or read book Function of Initiation Factor 5 in Eukaryotic Initiation of Protein Synthesis written by Pradip Raychaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Translation Initiation Reconstituted Systems and Biophysical Methods written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the second of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.
Download or read book Chromatin Signaling and Diseases written by Olivier Binda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. - Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging - Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology - Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling - Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling
Download or read book Translational Control of Gene Expression written by Nahum Sonenberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.
Download or read book The Mechanism of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Initiation written by Adrianus Antonius Maria Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Biosynthesis in Eukaryotes written by R. Perez-Bercoff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-01 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: vi The word ppotein, coined one and a half century ago from the 1TpOTE:toa ("proteios" = of primary importance), underlines the "primary importance" ascribed to proteins from the time they were described as biochemical entities. But the unmatched compl~xity of the process involved in their biosynthesis was (understandably) overlooked. Indeed, protein biosynthesis was supposed to be nothing more than the reverse of protein degradation, and the same enzymes known to split a protein into its constituent amino acids were thought to be able, under adequate conditions, to reconstitute the peptide bond. This oversimplified view persisted for more than 50 years: It was just in 1940 that Borsook and Dubnoff examined the thermodynamical aspects of the process, and concluded that protein synthesis could not be the reverse of protein degradation, such an "uphill task being thermody namically impossible ••• • " The next quarter of a century witnessed the unravelling of the basic mechanisms of protein biosynthesis, a predictable aftermath of the Copernican revolution in biology which followed such dramatic de velopments as the discovery of the nature of the genetic material, the double helical structure· of DNA, and the determination of the ge netic code. Our present understanding of the sophisticated mechan isms of regulation and control is a relatively novel acquisition, and recent studies have shed some light into the structure and organi zation of the eukaryotic gene.
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Download or read book Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor EIF 4D written by Zeljka Smit McBride and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Translational Control by Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF 4E and 4G Homologous Proteins written by Ramona Weber and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All living systems rely on appropriate protein synthesis and therefore evolved intricate mechanisms to control their proteome. Especially, the complexity of metazoan multicellular processes requires a strict and multilayered regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, mRNA processing, translation, mRNA stability, and protein modifications and stability. Here, I present work on two research projects that uncovered the hitherto unidentified roles of translation initiation (1) and mRNA decay factors (2) specialized in controlling unconventional mRNA translation and co-translational mRNA stability, respectively. The initiation step of translation commences with the assembly of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex on the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure which facilitates the recruitment of the ribosome to mediate protein synthesis. The eIF4F consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding factor eIF4G. Apart from eIF4G, metazoan cells express other eIF4G-like proteins: eIF4G2 - a.k.a. DAP5/p97/NAT1 - and eIF4G3. Although the different homologs perform non-redundant functions in translation, we lack detailed understanding of their individual contribution to the initiation of protein synthesis. To gain insights into the function of DAP5 in translation initiation, I applied transcriptome (RNA- sequencing) and translatome (ribosome profiling) approaches to CRISPR-Cas9 engineered human HEK293T DAP5-null cells. These approaches allowed the identification of a group of mRNAs with complex 5 ́ untranslated regions (UTRs) that required the DAP5-eIF4A complex for efficient translation. In detail, the 5 ́ UTRs of DAP5 targets harbor strong secondary structures and at least one upstream open reading frame (uORF) that normally sequesters ribosomes from initiation at the main ORF (mORF). In this context, DAP5 is critical for mORF translation as it mediates re-initiation after uORF translation. Taken together, my studies on DAP5 demonstrate how cells control translation initiation using 5 ́ UTR-associated mechanisms. Regulation of translation initiation can also involve additional cap-binding proteins. The eIF4E-homologous protein (4EHP) competes with eIF4E to bind the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure. Unlike eIF4E, 4EHP does not promote translation since it is unable to recruit eIF4G and the ribosome. Instead, 4EHP represses translation and induces mRNA decay with the help of 4EHP-binding factors. The GIGYF1 and GIGYF2 proteins specifically associate with 4EHP and act as scaffolding proteins for GYF domain-associated proteins like tristetraprolin (TTP) or ZNF598, the RNA helicase and decapping activator DDX6, and NOT1 - a subunit of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. When recruited to an mRNA, the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 6 complexes thus elicit translation repression and mRNA decay. Although the molecular mechanisms have been studied in great detail, we only have sparse information on the pool of mRNAs subjected to 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 mediated repression and decay. Analysis of RNA- sequencing and ribosome profiling datasets of 4EHP- and GIGYF1/2-null cells revealed that the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes co-translationally target mRNAs with perturbed ribosome elongation or specific nascent peptide chains for decay. These include, among others, mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted proteins, a- and b-tubulin subunits and mRNAs with CAG codon repeats encoding poly-glutamine (Q) stretches. In detail, the 4EHP- GIGYF1/2 complexes are recruited to target mRNAs via the GYF domain-associated proteins and upon binding to the mRNA 5 ́ cap, and DDX6, degrade the bound mRNA. My studies show for the first time how a repressive complex, associated with neurological disorders in animal models and affected humans, specifically minimizes the protein output of a subset of mRNAs. Altogether, I identified a previously unappreciated role of the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes in maintaining protein homeostasis and preventing excessive production of potentially toxic proteins. In summary, my studies increase our understanding of how metazoan cells utilize the translation control toolbox to fine-tune their proteome and react to developmental cues, adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. The identified translational programs are fundamental for establishing a multicellular organization but at the same time allow the organism to evade cancer and neurological diseases.
Download or read book Mammalian Protein Synthesis Initiation Factors written by Shi Huang and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Molecules to Networks written by Ruth Heidelberger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-27 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Download or read book Biology for AP Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.
Download or read book The Eukaryotic Ribosome written by Heinz Bielka and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 1982-12-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".
Download or read book Translation Initiation Extract Systems and Molecular Genetics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the first of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.
Download or read book Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotic Organisms written by Ernest M. Hannig and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Curing Genetic Diseases through Genome Reprogramming written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Curing Genetic Diseases through Genome Reprogramming, Volume 182 captures an historic moment in the field of gene therapy—the dawn of a new age in which the dream of curing genetic diseases has become realizable. The volume presents the most clinically advanced gene therapy and genome editing approaches for the treatment of genetic diseases in specific organs, including difficult therapeutic targets, futuristic ideas of genetic interventions, and large scale human genome repair. An initial chapter addresses the complex ethical aspects involved in the very idea of modifying the human genome. - Provides a comprehensive view of gene therapy and genome editing technologies, including epigenetic editing - Describes the state-of-the-art and future directions for the treatment of genetic diseases, also considering economical aspects - Presents chapters that each give a thorough review of a specific disease, target organ or visionary approach, including ethical considerations
