Download or read book History of the European Oil and Gas Industry written by J. Craig and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2018 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the European oil and gas industry reflects local as well as global political events, economic constraints and the personal endeavours of individual petroleum geoscientists as much as it does the development of technologies and the underlying geology of the region. The first commercial oil wells in Europe were drilled in Poland in 1853, Romania in 1857, Germany in 1859 and Italy in 1860. The 23 papers in this volume focus on the history and heritage of the oil and gas industry in the key European oil-producing countries from the earliest onshore drilling to its development into the modern industry that we know today. The contributors chronicle the main events and some of the major players that shaped the industry in Europe. The volume also marks several important anniversaries, including 150 years of oil exploration in Poland and Romania, the centenary of the drilling of the first oil well in the UK and 50 years of oil production from onshore Spain.

Download or read book European Retail Research written by Thomas Foscht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of EUROPEAN RETAIL RESEARCH is to publish interesting manuscripts of high quality and innovativeness with a focus on retail researchers, retail lecturers, retail students and retail executives. As it has always been, retail executives are part of the target group and the knowledge transfer between retail research and retail management remains a part of the publication’s concept. EUROPEAN RETAIL RESEARCH welcomes manuscripts on original theoretical or conceptual contributions as well as empirical research – based either on large-scale empirical data or on the case-study method. Following the state of the art in retail research, articles on any major issues that concern the general field of retailing and distribution are welcome.

Download or read book Corporate Responses to EU Emissions Trading written by Jon Birger Skjærseth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union (EU) aims to put Europe on track toward a low-carbon economy. In this striking challenge, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has been singled out as the Union’s key climate policy instrument, ultimately aimed as a model for a global carbon market. The learning effect of the EU ETS could thus be tremendous. This study explores how the EU ETS actually works on the ground, affecting corporate climate strategies. It covers general sector responses as well as systematic comparative studies of companies across the sectors. The latter enables improved understanding of causal effects and the role of interaction between different policy instruments and other factors that impact corporate climate strategies. The study explores a broad set of mechanisms at play potentially linking the EU ETS to company climate strategies. These include how corporate norms of responsibility are affected by the EU ETS and how economic incentives provide opportunities for innovation. The book’s main contribution lies in its systematic examination of corporate responses to the EU ETS from a broad empirical and analytical social science perspective covering companies in all main EU ETS sectors: electric power, oil, cement, steel and pulp and paper.

Download or read book The EU Merger Regulation written by Alistair Lindsay and published by Sweet & Maxwell. This book was released on 2012 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 4th edition of The EC Merger Regulation - a detailed guide to the method of merger control in the European Union. Fully revised for 2012, this comprehensive text describes how the European Commission determines approval of a notified merger, thereby providing information and techniques to complete merger deals successfully for companies operating in the European Union

Download or read book Fuel Distribution Networks written by Adam Strozek and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]

Download or read book Surging Energy Prices in Europe in the Aftermath of the War How to Support the Vulnerable and Speed Up the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels written by Mr. Anil Ari and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate that the recent surge in international fossil fuel prices will raise European households’ cost of living in 2022 by close to 7 percent of consumption on average. Household burdens vary significantly across and within countries, but in most cases they are regressive. Policymakers have mostly responded to the shock with broad-based price-suppressing measures, including subsidies, tax reductions, and price controls. Going forward, the policy emphasis should shift rapidly towards allowing price signals to operate more freely and providing income relief to the vulnerable. The surge in energy prices will encourage energy conservation and investments in renewable energy, but the manyfold rise in natural gas prices could lead to a persistent switch towards coal. To ensure steady progress towards carbon emissions reduction goals, authorities could use the opportunity to strengthen carbon pricing when global fossil fuel prices decline in the future. Non-price incentives for investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy should also be enhanced, as envisaged in the RePowerEU plan.

Download or read book Russian Involvement in Eastern Europe s Petroleum Industry written by Adnan Vatansever and published by GMB Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2005 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report answers questions such as: as one of the largest foreign acquisitions by a Russian company occurred in Bulgaria, what lessons are applicable to charting future Russian downstream takeovers? Why have Eastern Europe and Western FSU countries been the primary focus of Russian acquisitions? What drives LUKoil (and other Russian oil companies) to pursue acquisition of assets in these regions? Finally, what is the stance of the Russian government in terms of promoting such acquisitions abroad? This series of reports establishes for the first time the confluence of Russian foreign policy with the acquisition of foreign energy assets by Russian entities. Nine specific country profiles focus on the oil, gas, electricity and nuclear power industries. Each report written by an author of international standing, explains how Russian foreign energy downstream mergers and acquisitions are transpiring to consolidate the new Russian empire.

Download or read book Free trade agreement between the European Union and its Member States of the one part and the Republic of Korea of the other part written by Great BritainForeign and Commonwealth Office and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 1606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agreement is not yet in force

Download or read book Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe written by Rafael Amaro and published by Bruylant. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to key legal provisions and case-law related to the procedural and substantive issues that may arise in damages litigation for breach of anti-competitive agreements and abuses of a dominant position prohibitions. For the past decade, academic publications have focused on the proposal for a Directive on damages actions, then the Directive 2014/104/EU of 26 November 2014 itself, and finally the transposition texts. However, this understandable interest should not lead to overlook the fact that the Directive has been applied very little until now. This is mainly due to its application ratione temporis. In addition to the fact that Member States only transposed the Directive between the end of 2016 and 2018, Article 22 of the Directive provides that the substantive rules contained in the Directive cannot be applied to infringements subsequent to the national laws transposing them, while the procedural rules of the Directive apply to proceedings commenced on or after 26 December 2014. Thus, it is prior domestic law that continues to govern the vast majority of cases before national courts in the “Pre-Directive era.” In addition, a number of issues of the utmost importance have not been addressed by the Directive, such as questions of international jurisdiction or the quantification of “interests.” For these reasons, it seemed necessary not to limit this book to commenting on the Directive, important as it is, but to go beyond it. Directed by Rafael Amaro, this book contains the contributions from leading academics, attorneys, jurists and economists in the field of the private enforcement of competition law. It is composed of thematic chapters dealing with matters such as applicable law in international litigation, limitation, quantification of damages, from both a European Union and a national perspective, as well as national chapters presenting the state of play in several European States.

Download or read book New Political Economy of Energy in Europe written by Jakub M. Godzimirski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection details and analyses the dramatic changes that the international political economy of energy has undergone in the past decade. This change began with the increasing assertiveness of Russia when the oil price rose above the $100 mark in 2008. This, combined with the rise of shale oil and gas, made the USA all but self-sufficient in terms of fossil fuels. The collapse of the oil price in 2014-15, Saudi Arabia’s new strategy of defending its market share and the increasingly tense and controversial relationship between the West and Russia all worked to further strengthen the geopolitical dimension of energy in Europe. The global result is a world in which geopolitics play a bigger part than ever before; the central question the authors of this volume grapple with is how the EU – and European small states – can deal with this. Chapter 4 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com

Download or read book Bulletin of the European Union written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the third International Conference on Automotive and Fuel Technology written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Europe s electricity market design 2030 and beyond written by Michael Pollitt and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This CERRE report analyses the possible evolution of the European electricity market under different levels of variable renewable energy penetration towards 2025. The EU’s multiple efforts for decarbonisation with its long term strategy for a climate neutral economy by 2050, and the heated negotiations between the European Parliament, Council and Commission for a new market design highlight the many issues Europe is facing for defining the right electricity market. In this context, the authors of this new study have modelled and analysed the possible evolution of the electricity market under different variable renewable energy (VRE) penetration scenarios. They have looked at the necessary adaptation that these imply to the electricity market. Overall, the report highlights the challenges for the current market design in moving towards self-financing VRE. It also observes a likely continuation of the difficulties faced by generators in financing their investments on the basis of wholesale power prices alone, with only some partial mitigation should commodity prices rise, as expected by the IEA, or with substantial improvements in interconnection across Europe. “If the current market design is to deliver a decarbonised European electricity system, lower renewables costs and higher carbon prices will play a critical role,” said CERRE Academic Director Michael Pollitt and Chi Kong Chyong, the authors of the report. “In the absence of these favourable conditions for VRE, long term subsidy mechanisms in the form of auctions would need to continue in order to meet European renewable electricity targets.” The results of the modelling show the need for many of the existing fossil fuel power plants to remain on the system to support intermittent renewable electricity, hence the importance of the development of ancillary service markets. However, these markets are challenging to design, and the investments they support will likely have higher costs of capital given the volatile and difficult to predict income streams that they give rise to. The report’s results also raise two central questions for the electricity market design: - Will a radical market redesign be necessary by 2025? Given that EU member states have accepted to live with largely subsidised new electricity generation from 2005 to 2018, this seems unlikely. - Will market designs converge across Europe? The issue is whether different local circumstances will cause continuing or increasing divergence in market arrangements. Ireland, Spain, the UK, Greece and Germany could have significantly different market configurations by 2025 given their different ability to absorb increased amounts of VRE.

Download or read book The Russian Economic Grip on Central and Eastern Europe written by Ognian Shentov and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the use of economic and state capture levers for achieving political clout. It details how Moscow has been able to exploit governance deficits and influence decision-making in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a range of economic means. The comparative country by country perspective on Russia’s corporate presence, trade, and investment in particular sectors of the region, especially energy, shows the patterns of the Kremlin’s use of economic presence and state capture tactics to amplify political and social leverage. By collating economic data with an analysis of governance loopholes and the political process, the authors reveal the Kremlin’s methods for swaying national policies, especially through the exploitation of governance failures in these countries. The book thereby highlights how Russia’s economic power is related to its wider strategic goals. It concludes that Russia’s economic grip, both direct and indirect, is tighter than official statistics imply.

Download or read book European Energy Markets Observatory 2008 written by Colette Lewiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 10th edition of the European Energy Markets Observatory covers the full year 2007 and the winter 2007/08. The key findings include: -Oil price increase in 2007 and H1 2008 exacerbated fundamental tensions in the industry. The present price drop poses other problems. -Limited progress has been made to solve the “reducing CO2 emissions / satisfying the energy demand” equation, but there are reasons to hope -After an interim improvement in 2006, electricity security of supply deteriorated in 2007, calling for a significant investment program -Geopolitical tensions have increased risk on gas security of supply -Progress was made towards a common electricity market in Europe, but competition is not really taking up and prices to end customers skyrocketed in early 08 -The Utilities are in a good financial situation and important M&A have landed in 2008 -The financial and economic crisis is impacting the Utilities industry and should accelerate their business model change

Download or read book European Community Competition Policy 1999 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters: foreword by Mario Monti, Member of the EC with special responsibility for competition policy; stat. on EC activity in applying EC competition laws in 1999; antitrust -- Articles 81 & 82 State monopolies & monopoly rights -- Articles 31 & 86; merger control; State aid: general policy, concept of aid, assessing the compatibility of aid with the common market, procedures, & stat.; international activities: enlargement, bilateral cooperation, & multilateral cooperation; outlook for 2000: legislative & regulatory activities, international field, & supervisory activities; & annex -- cases discussed in this report.

Download or read book Reshaping European Gas and Electricity Industries written by Dominique Finon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and thorough investigation of the shift towards Europe-wide energy regulation, markets and business strategies, and the extent to which energy systems have become more liberalised over this period. Reshaping of European Gas and Electricity Industries analyses the key issues facing the European energy industry, from a regulatory, market, and business perspective. Current challenges within the field are also reviewed, including competitive and environmental issues. - Liberalization: Delivers timely insights into the changes facing the European energy industry in the face of deregulation - Competition: A direct look at business and marketing strategies in response to the influx of competition from across the globe - Environment: Provides powerful [insights] into the way environmentally-based legislation has now become a key driver of the energy industry in Europe