Download or read book From XENON100 to XENON1T Direct Dark Matter Searches with Dual Phase Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chambers written by Lukas Bütikofer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Search for Dark Matter by Using Dual phase Liquid Xenon Detector and Measurement of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Argon written by Yixiong Meng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmological and Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidences for the existence of dark matter in the universe. One class of dark matter candidates, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), has been predicted in many particle physics theories. Direct detection experiments using dual- phase liquid noble element detectors report the best sensitivities to the detection of the dark matter particles. The next generation direct detection experiments using the same technology, are actively been built and expected to give a factor of 100 improvement on the current best sensitivity. This thesis discusses the measurement of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase liquid argon detector using a bunched neutron beam generated by linear accelerator facility at accelerator laboratory in Notre Dame University. Nuclear recoils of en- ergy ranging from 10.8 keVnr to 49.9 keVnr are measured under different drift field configurations. An electric field quenching on nuclear recoils in liquid argon is dis- covered and quantified for the first time. This quenching effect is also found to be drift field and recoil energy dependent. By varying the drift field amplitude from 100 V/cm to 1000 V/cm for each nuclear recoil energy, the quenching effect are measured as a function of nuclear recoil energy and drift field amplitude. Results from this measurement is used in the direct dark matter detection experiment to calculate the final sensitivity of direct dark matter search. A separate work on the optimization of detector design for the XENON1T detector is also discussed in detail. Finite element simulation tool is used to design and optimize the electric field in XENON1T time projection chamber. As part of the design of XENON1T detector, electron transparency across metal grids of different geometrical configurations are also studied.
Download or read book The Light Response of the XENON100 Time Projection Chamber and the Measurements of the Optical Parameters with the Xenon Scintillation Light written by Bin Choi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A similar but a revised setup was built later at the University of Muenster in Germany for measuring the reflectivity of the PTFE (Chapter 5). These measurements are important for a deeper understanding of XENON100 and the next phase of the program with a XENON1T as well as for other liquid xenon experiments. Chapter 6 explains the details of the energy scale derived from the measurement of the light signals in XENON100 and the cuts used for the analysis, which has led to the most recent scientific results from this experiments. In 2012, the XENON100 dark matter results from 225 live days set the most stringent limit on the spin-independent elastic WIMP- nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 8 GeV/c 2, with a minimum of 2 × 10and minus;45 cm 2 at 55 GeV/c 2 and 90% confidence level. With this result XENON100 continues to be the leading experiment in the direct search for dark matter.
Download or read book Understanding Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Dark Matter Searches and the First Results of XENON1T written by Matthew Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An abundance of cosmological evidence suggests that cold dark matter exists and makes up 83% of the matter in the universe. At the same time, this dark matter has eluded direct detection and its identity remains a mystery. Many large international collaborations are actively searching for dark matter through its potential annihilation in high-density regions of the universe, its creation in particle accelerators, and its interaction with Standard Model particles in low-background detectors. One of the most promising dark matter candidates is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) which falls naturally out of extensions of the Standard Model. A variety of detectors have been employed in the search for WIMPs, which are expected to scatter with atomic nuclei, yet none have been more successful than dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPCs). The first ton-scale liquid xenon TPC, XENON1T, began operating in 2016 and with only 34.2 days of data has set the most strict limits on the WIMP-nucleon interaction cross sections for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c^2, with a minimum of 7.7 × 10−47 cm^2 for 35 GeV/c^2 WIMPs.
Download or read book Low mass Dark Matter Search with the XENON100 Experiment written by Andrea Tiseni and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is hypothesized that 26% of the mass and energy content of the universe consists of Dark Matter. The most promising Dark Matter candidates are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP). If WIMPs are the Dark Matter particles, then they could be directly de-tected via their scattering off nuclei. The XENON100 experiment aims to detect the scattering of a WIMP with a xenon nucleus. This experiment is a xenon-based dual-phase (liquid-gas) Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The interaction of a particle in the TPC produces both scintillation photons and ionization electrons, which are both detected as light signals by photomultipliers. So far, the XENON100 experiment has not observed WIMPs, and exclusion limits have been produced. The data analysis relies on an accurate description of the backgrounds. In this thesis I present an analysis that assumes potentially unknown backgrounds to be present in the data. In this way, a WIMP exclusion limit without background subtraction is calculated with a minimum WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.05 × 10-45 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV. Furthermore, I developed a new method to enhance the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment towards low-mass WIMPs using solely the ionization signal to calculate the recoil energy. Using this method, the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment is improved by several orders of magnitude for WIMP masses below 7 GeV, excluding a WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.4 × 10-41 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 6 GeV."--Samenvatting auteur.
Download or read book Solar Reflected Dark Matter with XENON1T and XENONnT written by Pueh Leng Tan and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Searches for WIMPs and Axions with the XENON1T Experiment written by Jingqiang Ye and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous evidence suggests that the majority of matter in the Universe is made of a rarely interacting, non-luminous component, termed dark matter. The XENON1T experiment, utilizing a two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber, was primarily designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), one of the most promising dark matter candidates. With one tonne-year exposure, XENON1T placed the most stringent upper limits of WIMP interaction strength for a large range of WIMP masses and a variety of interaction types. The unprecedented low background in XENON1T also enabled competitive searches for electronic recoil signals. An excess was observed above the known background at low energies and is most prominent between 2 and 3 keVee. This excess favors solar axions over backgrounds at 3.4 sigma, a hypothetical particle arising from the Peccei-Quinn theory to solve the strong CP problem. The resulting axion couplings, however, are in strong tension with astrophysical constraints. The excess can also be explained by beta decays of tritium at 3.2 sigma with a trace amount, which can neither be confirmed nor be rejected with the current knowledge of its production and mitigation mechanisms. If an unconstrained tritium component is added to both alternate and null hypotheses, the significance of the solar axion hypothesis is reduced to 2.0 sigma. This search also includes other electronic recoil signals, such as an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, bosonic dark matter, and leptophilic dark matter. The prospect of XENONnT, the next-generation experiment that is expected to take science data in 2021, is also discussed in the context of searching for WIMPs and deciphering the excess observed in XENON1T, respectively.
Download or read book Dark Matter in Astro and Particle Physics written by Hans-Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TheFifthHEIDELBERGInternationalConferenceonDarkMatterinAst- and Particle Physics, DARK 2004, took place at Texas A&M University, College Station Texas, USA, October 3–9, 2004. It was, after Cape Town 2002, the second conference of this series held outside Germany. The earlier meetings, starting in 1996, were held in Heidelberg. Dark Matter is still one of the most exciting and central ?elds of ast- physics, particle physics and cosmology. The conference covered, as usual for this series, a large range of topics, theoretical and experimental. Theoretical talks covered SUSY/SUGRA phenomenology, which provides at present a preferred theoretical framework for the existence of cold dark matter. Also included were other possible explanations of dark matter such as SUSY Q balls, exciting New Symmetries, etc. The most important experiments in the underground search for cold and hot dark matter were presented. Talks describing the current experimental dark matter bounds, what might be obtained in the near future, and the reach of future large (i.e. one ton) detectors were given. The potential of future colliders to correlate accelerator physics with dark matter searches was also outlined. Thus the reader will be able to see the present status and future prospects in the search for dark matter. The exciting astronomical evidence for dark matter and corresponding observations concerning the Milky Way’s black hole, high-redshift clusters, wakes in dark matter halos were other important topics at the conference.
Download or read book Identification Of Dark Matter The Proceedings Of The Fifth International Workshop written by Neil J C Spooner and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-05-12 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prestigious Identification of Dark Matter workshop series was initiated to assess the status of work that attempts to identify the constitution of dark matter. In particular, it aims to review the success of current methods that are used in the search for dark matter, as well as the new techniques that are likely to improve prospects for detecting possible dark matter candidates in the future. In the 5th International Workshop, special emphasis was placed on the recent results obtained in experiments searching for baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter. This volume comprises the high-quality review articles and papers contributed by leaders and promising young physicists who attended the conference. It provides the most recent updates on dark matter searches from both experimental and theoretical points of view.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences
Download or read book Search for Dark Matter Interactions Using Ionization Yield in Liquid Xenon written by Sergey Uvarov and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmological observations overwhelmingly support the existence of dark matter which constitutes 87% of the universe's total mass. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a prime candidate for dark matter, and the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment aims to a direct-detection of a WIMP-nucleon interaction. The LUX detector is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber housed 4,850 feet underground at Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. We present the ionization-only analysis of the LUX 2013 WIMP search data. In the 1.04 x 104 kg-days exposure, thirty events were observed out of the 24.8 expected from radioactive backgrounds. We employ a cut-and-count method to set a 1-sided 90% C.L. upper limit for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections. A zero charge yield for nuclear-recoils below 0.7 keV is included upper limit calculation. This ionization-only analysis excludes an unexplored region of WIMP-nucleon cross-section for low-mass WIMPs achieving 1.56 x 10−43 cm2 WIMP-nucleon cross-section exclusion for a 5.1 GeV/c2 WIMP.
Download or read book Commissioning of the World s First Water Cherenkov Neutron Veto and First WIMP Dark Matter Search Results of the XENONnT Experiment written by Daniel Wenz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich number of astronomical and cosmological observations suggest the existence of a massive, non-luminous, and non-relativistic, matter component in the universe which is five times more abundant than baryonic matter and is commonly referred as to dark matter (DM). Although so far eluding from detection, one class of promising DM candidates are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which arise naturally from many beyond the Standard Model (BSM) theories. The XENON Dark Matter Project aims to directly detect WIMPs, and other kinds of rare event signals, by utilizing large-scale liquid xenon (LXe) dual-phase time projection chambers (TPCs). The newest generation of experiment, called XENONnT, utilizes a TPC with a total sensitive LXe mass of 5.9 t, and was designed as a fast upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. In addition to its larger TPC, XENONnT was augmented with the world's first water Cherenkov neutron veto (NV), which was mounted inside the already existing water Cherenkov muon veto water tank of XENON1T. Neutrons emitted by detector materials can undergo a single back-scatter inside the TPC producing a signal which is indistinguishable from WIMPs. The NV has the task to mitigate this potential threat for the scientific reach of the experiment by tagging these escaping neutrons through their delayed neutron capture on hydrogen. In the presented work, the results of the first weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) search science run, called SR0, are discussed. SR0 features a blind analysis between 3.3 keV and 60.5 keV nuclear recoils energies with a total exposure of about 1.1 tonne-year, utilizing the lowest ever achieved electronic recoil background of (15.8 ± 1.3) events/(t · y · keV) in a LXe. No significant excess was found in the data, setting the lowest upper limit of 2.58 · 10-47 cm2 for spin-independent (SI) interactions of 28 GeV/c2 WIMPs at a 90% confidence level. These results have also been published in [Apr+23b] as part of the presented work. To obtain these results, this thesis discusses the commissioning of the XENONnT neutron veto (NV), and the calibration of its neutron tagging efficiency. The tagging efficiency was found to be (53.1±2.8)% which is the highest efficiency ever measured in a water Cherenkov detector. The efficiency of the NV, as well as the nuclear recoil (NR) response of the time projection chamber (TPC), were calibrated using tagged neutrons from an Americium-Beryllium (AmBe) neutron source. This technique was deployed for the first time in a liquid xenon (LXe) TPC. It enables a calibration of the NR response with high purity and a remaining pollution of less than 0.1 %. Further, the same calibration data was used to determine the thermal neutron capture cross section of hydrogen which was found to be 336.7 ± 0.4 (stat.)+2.0 -0.0 (sys.) mb. All these analyses are based on the data provided by XENONnT's new processing framework called STRAXEN. As part of the lead developing team, the entire processing chain for the two veto systems of XENONnT was developed, and many additional tools have been implemented. Finally, to enhance the neutron tagging efficiency of the NV even further, the water inside the water tank is going to be doped with Gd-sulfate. As part of the presented work, different Gd-salt samples of the manufacturer Treibacher were analyzed regarding their suitability for the experiment.
Download or read book Emission of Single and Few Electrons in XENON1T and Limits on Light Dark Matter written by [Study group] XENON Collaboration and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates
Download or read book What We Would Like Lhc To Give Us Proceedings Of The International School Of Subnuclear Physics written by Antonino Zichichi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, ISSP 2012, 50th Course — ERICE, 23 June 2013 - 2 July 2012. This course was devoted to the celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of the Subnuclear Physics School which was started in 1961 by Antonino Zichichi with John Bell at CERN and formally established in 1962 by Bell, Blackett, Weisskopf, Rabi and Zichichi in Geneva (CERN). The lectures covered the latest and most significant achievements in theoretical and in experimental subnuclear physics.
Download or read book Direct Dark Matter Search with XENON1T and Developments for Multi ton Liquid Xenon Detectors written by Julien Wulf and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Dark Matter Search with the DarkSide Experiment written by Anyssa Navrer-Agasson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of dark matter is known because of its gravitational effects, and although its nature remains undisclosed, one of the leading candidate is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with mass of the order of 100 GeV/c2 and coupling with ordinary matter at or below the weak scale. In this context, DarkSide-50 aims to direct observe WIMP-nucleon collisions in a liquid argon dual phase time-projection chamber located deep underground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory, in Italy. This work first details the argon calibration realised by the ARIS experiment. ARIS characterised the argon response to low energy nuclear and electronic recoils, down to unprecedented energies. The nuclear quenching was measured with the best precision to this date, and the recombination probability extracted was compared to different models describing the behaviour of argon in presence of an electric field. A search for low mass WIMPs performed with DarkSide-50 data is also presented. This search focuses on the ionisation signal from the TPC, leading much to much lower detection threshold. The achieved exclusion limits are amongst the leading ones, and the most stringent for a liquid argon target. Finally a preliminary search for axions is presented. Axions are an alternative candidate to dark matter, proposed as a solution to the strong CP problem. They are detectable in DarkSide via their coupling to electrons. This search required the improvement of the modelling of the background sources, by taking into account atomic effects in beta emission spectra, as well as a redefinition of the energy scale converting the energy deposited into a number of extracted electrons. The results presented show an encouraging sensitivity to both solar and galactic axions.
Download or read book Characterizing the Peripheral Dynamics of Xenon Dark Matter Detectors written by Jacob Edward Cutter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important fundamental problems in physics today is to understand the nature of dark matter. The landscape of explanations for observed dark matter phenomena is vast and still expanding, and an impressive number of experiments have been built to probe the dark sector of the universe. A prominent class of detectors is aimed at discovering (or excluding) a particular kind of dark matter: the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). Searching for this popular dark matter candidate requires an ultra-sensitive, low-background target; xenon detectors serve as such a target for dark matter interactions. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber (TPC) which was operated underground at the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota from 2013 to 2016, and was able to achieve the world's leading WIMP exclusion limit. However, successful reconstruction of WIMP-nucleus scatters in such detectors requires thorough understanding of the detection medium, which is made difficult by various confounding effects near the detector walls. Field-fringing is a major component of confusion in the periphery, and the large electric field non-uniformities in Run 4 of LUX provided a significant challenge in the dark matter analysis. Here is presented an algorithm to bijectively map between reconstructed event positions and true spatial coordinates, which serves as an important tool for studying field effects and fiducialization in LUX. Additionally, a successful dark matter search must model interfering background events in the WIMP search region which can't be directly vetoed. One class of unavoidable backgrounds comes from nuclear decay chain daughters in detector materials themselves, which may produce WIMP-like signals (an effect which is amplified due to various detector effects). The Davis Xenon (DAX) test bed system and a dual-phase TPC have been assembled and operated at UC Davis to characterize these common "wall backgrounds", as well as perform other R&D studies for the next-generation LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. The DAX TPC specifically measures the xenon response to heavy nuclei produced by custom [alpha] decay sources created using novel chemical deposition procedures. In this thesis, results will be presented for the light and charge yields of immersed localized sources of 206Pb ions in liquid xenon, as well as a method for tagging such recoil events in situ by using PIN diodes as charged particle detectors to capture the correlated [alpha] particles. We also compare our isolated 206Pb events with previous WIMP search data from LUX, and discuss the significance of 206Pb as a WIMP background. Such information is most useful to future experiments if it can improve existing background models and simulations. The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) is the ultimate software package for calculating expected signal yields in xenon detectors, but is an empirical framework that relies on experimental data to inform the models. We discuss the development of current NEST v2 models, specifically the heavy nuclear recoil models, as well as our current understanding of the xenon microphysics. We also show NEST predictions for mono-energetic 206Pb recoils, and discuss how our most recent DAX 206Pb measurements may inform NEST models in future work.
Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
