Download or read book From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms written by Thomas F. X. Noble and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, when and why did the Middle Ages begin? This reader gathers together a prestigious collection of revisionist thinking on questions of key research in medieval studies.
Download or read book Transformations of Romanness written by Walter Pohl and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roman identity is one of the most interesting cases of social identity because in the course of time, it could mean so many different things: for instance, Greek-speaking subjects of the Byzantine empire, inhabitants of the city of Rome, autonomous civic or regional groups, Latin speakers under ‘barbarian’ rule in the West or, increasingly, representatives of the Church of Rome. Eventually, the Christian dimension of Roman identity gained ground. The shifting concepts of Romanness represent a methodological challenge for studies of ethnicity because, depending on its uses, Roman identity may be regarded as ‘ethnic’ in a broad sense, but under most criteria, it is not. Romanness is indeed a test case how an established and prestigious social identity can acquire many different shades of meaning, which we would class as civic, political, imperial, ethnic, cultural, legal, religious, regional or as status groups. This book offers comprehensive overviews of the meaning of Romanness in most (former) Roman provinces, complemented by a number of comparative and thematic studies. A similarly wide-ranging overview has not been available so far.
Download or read book The Provinces of the Roman Empire from Caesar to Diocletian written by Theodor Mommsen and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medieval Kingdoms In Great Britain 410 To 1453 written by André Geraque Kiffer and published by Clube de Autores. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simulation will cover more than a thousand years (410 to 1453 AD) of the history of the island of Great Britain, from the end of the Roman province - that is, the end of the Old Age in the area - from Britannia to the end of the Medieval Age. In strategy, more before and less after the Roman period on the island of Great Britain, the so-called hilltop Celtic forts functioned as defensive, religious, and political military centers. In the military field the organizational structures of the main continental invaders against the great Celtic island, the Anglo-Saxons (Germanics of Germany) and the Normans (Germanics of France) will serve as models. The peoples are divided into tribes, these evolve into nations, which in turn try to form kingdoms (Bretwalda) in the regions, and ultimately become a kingdom of the entire island (crown - Kingdom of Great Britain).
Download or read book The Roman Provinces of North Africa written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Carthage was one of the great ancient civilizations, and at its peak, the wealthy Carthaginian empire dominated the Mediterranean against the likes of Greece and Rome, with commercial enterprises and influence stretching from Spain to Turkey. In fact, at several points in history it had a very real chance of replacing the fledgling Roman Empire or the failing Greek poleis (city-states) altogether as master of the Mediterranean. Although Carthage by far preferred to exert economic pressure and influence before resorting to direct military power (and even went so far as to rely primarily on mercenary armies paid with its vast wealth for much of its history, it nonetheless produced a number of outstanding generals, from the likes of Hanno Magnus to, of course, the great bogeyman of Roman nightmares himself: Hannibal. Certain foreign policy decisions led to continuing enmity between Carthage and the burgeoning power of Rome, and what followed was a series of wars which turned from a battle for Mediterranean hegemony into an all-out struggle for survival. Although the Romans gained the upper hand in the wake of the First Punic War, Hannibal brought the Romans to their knees for over a decade during the Second Punic War. While military historians are still amazed that he was able to maintain his army in Italy near Rome for nearly 15 years, scholars are still puzzled over some of his decisions, including why he never attempted to march on Rome in the first place. After the serious threat Hannibal posed during the Second Punic War, the Romans didn't wait much longer to take the fight to the Carthaginians in the Third Punic War, which ended with Roman legions smashing Carthage to rubble. As legend has it, the Romans literally salted the ground upon which Carthage stood to ensure its destruction once and for all. At its height, the Roman Empire covered huge swathes of Western Europe, the Middle East, Egypt, and North Africa, and while many people are aware of Rome's influence and legacy in Europe and the Middle East, they often have less understanding of Roman settlements on North Africa's Mediterranean coast. Nonetheless, this was an area that produced a number of emperors (including the only black emperors), some of the most sophisticated towns and cities of the empire, and Roman ruins that offer some of the best evidence of the Roman way of life to be found anywhere in the world. Apart from the complicated nature of evolving administrative systems in the area, another major challenge for modern researchers of the Roman period in North African history is that the natural environment was very different from that of today. The usual assumption is that the region was only fertile on the coast and that the hinterlands could not have provided the resources needed to maintain large, wealthy populations. However, in ancient times, North Africa was a fertile region, and scientists believe the vast area of steep grasslands that covered most of what is the Sahara Desert today began to dry about 5,000 years ago, and the process of grasslands turning into deserts was slow. While there is considerable debate as to the time the process took and whether the small-scale farming techniques used in the region contributed to the process of desiccation, it is clear that the area around Carthage, for example, had a wide area of well-cultivated lands, and that such cultivation lasted well into the Middle Ages. The Roman Provinces of North Africa: The History of the Region and Its Rulers after the Punic Wars looks at Rome's famous conquests, and what the area was like until the dissolution of history's most famous empire. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Roman provinces of North Africa like never before.
Download or read book Medieval People written by Eileen Edna Power and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-07 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval People By Eileen Edna Power I. ROME IN DECLINE Every schoolboy knows that the Middle Ages arose on the ruins of the Roman Empire. The decline of Rome preceded and in some ways prepared the rise of the kingdoms and cultures which composed the medieval system. Yet in spite of the self-evident truth of this historical preposition we know little about life and thought in the watershed years when Europe was ceasing to be Roman but was not yet medieval. We do not know how it felt to watch the decline of Rome; we do not even know whether the men who watched it knew what they saw, though we can be quite certain that none of them foretold, indeed could have foreseen, the shape which the world was to take in later centuries. Yet the tragic story, its main themes and protagonists were for all to see. No observer should have failed to notice that the Roman Empire of the fourth and fifth centuries was no longer the Roman Empire of the great Antonine and Augustan age; that it had lost its hold over its territories and its economic cohesion and was menaced by the barbarians who were in the end to overwhelm it. The territory of the Roman Empire had at its height stretched from the lands bordering the North Sea to the lands on the northern fringes of the Sahara, and from the Atlantic coast of Europe to the central Asiatic Steppes; it comprised most of the regions of the former Hellenic, Iranian, and Phoenician empires, and it either ruled or kept in check great clusters of peoples and principalities beyond its Gallic and north African frontiers. From these farthest frontiers Rome of the fourth century had retreated and was still retreating. Within its frontiers great currents of inter-regional commerce had in earlier centuries flowed along the routes which bound all the provinces of the Empire to Rome and most of the provinces to each other. But from the third century onwards the economic unity of the Empire was in dissolution, and by the fifth century most of the great currents of inter-regional trade had ceased to flow, and provinces and districts had been thrown upon themselves and their own resources. And with the wealth of the provinces reduced, their commerce restricted, the great provincial cities also declined in population, wealth, political power. Yet to its very last days the Empire endeavoured to defend its frontiers against the converging barbarians. Not only did the Barbarian Conquests, like all conquests, threaten destruction and ruin, but the way of life the barbarians stood for was the very denial of what Roman civilization had been, though alas, was gradually ceasing to be We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching experience.
Download or read book Regna and Gentes written by Hans-Werner Goetz and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2003 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive and comparative study of the difficult relationship between ethnic identities and political organisation in the post-Roman and early medieval kingdoms. 16 authors (historians, archaeologists and linguists) deal with ten important kingdoms of this period and with its political and legal context.
Download or read book Kingdoms of the Empire written by Walter Pohl and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frühmittelalter - Grab/Gräberfeld - Europa.
Download or read book Urban Interactions written by Michael J. Kelly and published by punctum books. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late "Roman" and post-"Roman" cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late "Roman" provinces and post-"Roman" states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.
Download or read book Roman Army Units in the Western Provinces 1 written by Raffaele D’Amato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At its height the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, maintained by an army of modest size but great diversity. In popular culture these soldiers are often portrayed in a generic fashion, but continuing research indicates significant variations in Roman armour and equipment not only between different legions and the provincially-raised auxiliary cohorts that made up half of the army, but also between different regions within the empire. With reference to the latest archaeological and documentary evidence Dr D'Amato investigates how Roman Army units in the Western provinces were equipped, exploring the local influences and traditions that caused the variations in attire.
Download or read book Britannia Prima written by Roger White and published by History Press Limited. This book was released on 2007 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Edward I took Caernarfon, seat of the Princes of Gwynedd, in 1278, he conquered the last remaining part of the Roman Empire. Why was it that this part of the Roman Empire survived for 800 years before succumbing to the medieval kingdoms that succeeded Rome? In answering this question, this book offers a new and innovative perspective on Wales, the South West and the Welsh Marches at a time when they were united as Britannia Prima, one of the four late Roman provinces of Britain. Created at the end of the third century, the province endured for 200 years, offering a successful resistance to the incoming Anglo-Saxon invaders throughout the fifth century. This book, the first ever to examine one of the provinces of late Roman Britain, provides a critical analysis of the abundant archaeological information now available. In doing so it paints a picture of a wealthy and flourishing Roman society in the fourth century, able to achieve a measure of economic self-sufficiency through its wealth of natural resources, a society that maintained its Roman, and urban, character throughout the fifth century. Eventually Britannia Prima fragmented, overwhelmed by the internal and external pressures that it faced, but its enduring legacy is the distinct nature, culture and identity of the Welsh and Cornish kingdoms that succeeded it.
Download or read book The Roman Near East 31 B C A D 337 written by Fergus Millar and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Augustus to Constantine, the Roman Empire in the Near East expanded step by step, southward to the Red Sea and eastward across the Euphrates to the Tigris. In a remarkable work of interpretive history, Fergus Millar shows us this world as it was forged into the Roman provinces of Syria, Judaea, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. His book conveys the magnificent sweep of history as well as the rich diversity of peoples, religions, and languages that intermingle in the Roman Near East. Against this complex backdrop, Millar explores questions of cultural and religious identity and ethnicity--as aspects of daily life in the classical world and as part of the larger issues they raise. As Millar traces the advance of Roman control, he gives a lucid picture of Rome's policies and governance over its far-flung empire. He introduces us to major regions of the area and their contrasting communities, bringing out the different strands of culture, communal identity, language, and religious belief in each. The Roman Near East makes it possible to see rabbinic Judaism, early Christianity, and eventually the origins of Islam against the matrix of societies in which they were formed. Millar's evidence permits us to assess whether the Near East is best seen as a regional variant of Graeco-Roman culture or as in some true sense oriental. A masterful treatment of a complex period and world, distilling a vast amount of literary, documentary, artistic, and archaeological evidence--always reflecting new findings--this book is sure to become the standard source for anyone interested in the Roman Empire or the history of the Near East.
Download or read book The Provinces Of The Roman Empire written by Theodor Mommsen and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in German in the mid-1800s, 'The Provinces of the Roman Empire from Caesar to Diocletian' is a monumental work that explores the political, social, and economic history of the Roman Empire. Part 2 of the work, which covers the period from the reign of Augustus to the end of the third century AD, is a tour de force of historical scholarship that draws on a vast range of sources. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Cambridge Medieval History The Christian Roman empire and the foundation of the Teutonic kingdoms written by Charles William Previté-Orton and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ruin of Roman Britain written by James Gerrard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book employs new archaeological and historical evidence to explain how and why Roman Britain became Anglo-Saxon England.
Download or read book Europe and the Middle Ages written by Edward Peters and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2004 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For one/two-semester undergraduate courses in Medieval History. This comprehensive, well-balanced historical survey of Medieval Europe--from Roman imperial provinces to the Renaissance--covers all aspects of the history (political, literary, religious, intellectual, etc.) with a focus on social and political themes. It presents a complete picture of the complex process by which an ecumenical civilization that once ringed the basin of the Mediterranean Sea, evolved into three other distinctive civilizations--Latin Europe, Greek Eastern Europe and Asia Minor, and Islam. This text differs from others on the subject in that it attempts to abolish traditional clichés regarding the Middle Ages and promotes critical thinking about our own time and society.
Download or read book Medieval Europe written by Henry William Carless Davis M.A. and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION 4 I THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE 9 II THE BARBARIAN KINGDOMS 25 III THE EMPIRE AND THE NEW MONARCHIES (800-1000 A.D.) 60 IV FEUDALISM 94 V THE PAPACY BEFORE GREGORY VII 118 VI THE HILDEBRANDINE CHURCH 142 VII THE MEDIEVAL STATE 167 VIII THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE-THE CRUSADES 194 IX THE FREE TOWNS 228 All divisions of history into periods are artificial in proportion as they are precise. In history there is, strictly speaking, no end and no beginning. Each event is the product of an infinite series of causes, the starting-point of an infinite series of effects. Language and thought, government and manners, transform themselves by imperceptible degrees; with the result that every age is an age of transition, not fully intelligible unless regarded as the child of a past and the parent of a future. Even so the species of the animal and vegetable kingdoms shade off one into another until, if we only observe the marginal cases, we are inclined to doubt whether the species is more than a figment of the mind. Yet the biologist is prepared to defend the idea of species; and in like manner the historian holds that the distinction between one phase of culture and another is real enough to justify, and, indeed, to demand, the use of distinguishing names. In the development of single communities and groups of communities there occurs now and again a moment of equilibrium, when institutions are stable and adapted to the needs of those who live under them; when the minds of men are filled with ideas which they find completely satisfying; when the statesman, the artist, and the poet feel that they are best fulfilling their several missions if they express in deed and work and language the aspirations common to the whole society. Then for a while man appears to be the master of his fate; and then the prevailing temper is one of reasoned optimism, of noble exaltation, of content allied with hope. The spectator feels that he is face to face with the maturity of a social system and a creed. These moments are rare indeed; but it is for the sake of understanding them that we read history. All the rest of human fortunes is in the nature of an introduction or an epilogue. Now by a period of history we mean the tract of years in which this balance of harmonious activities, this reconciliation of the real with the ideal, is in course of preparing, is actually subsisting, and is vanishing away. Such a period were the Middle Ages-the centuries that separate the ancient from the modern world. They were something more than centuries of transition, though the genius of a Gibbon has represented them as a long night of ignorance and force, only redeemed from utter squalor by some lingering rays of ancient culture. It is true that they began with an involuntary secession from the power which represented, in the fifth century, the wisdom of Greece and the majesty of Rome; and that they ended with a jubilant return to the Promised Land of ancient art and literature. But the interval had been no mere sojourning in Egypt. The scholars of the Renaissance destroyed as much as they created. They overthrew one civilisation to clear the ground for another. It was imperative that the old canons of thought and conduct should be reconsidered. The time comes in the history of all half-truths when they form the great obstacles to the pursuit of truth. But this should not prevent us from recognising the value of the half-truth as a guide to those who first discover it; nor should we fall into the error, common to all reformers, of supposing that they comprehend the whole when they assert the importance of the neglected half. Erasmus had reason on his side; but so, too, had Aquinas. Luther was in his rough way a prophet; but St. Bernard also had a message for humanity.
