Download or read book From Observations to Self Consistent Modelling of the ISM in Galaxies written by Miguel A. de Avillez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research of the interstellar medium (ISM) has been advancing rapidly during the last 10 years, mainly due to immensely improved observational facilities and techniques in all wavelength ranges. We are now able to investigate the ISM in external galaxies and even the intergalactic and intracluster medium in great detail. Increased spatial and spectral resolution have provided us with a great deal of information on the interstellar gas in its various phases, the magnetic field and the cosmic rays, and of course, also the stellar component, which is the driving agent of the interstellar matter cycle. Since only fairly recently, a sufficient amount of computing power has become available to tackle these problems with some prospect of obtaining a self-consistent picture of the ISM, a major goal of this workshop was to bring together observers and theoreticians sufficiently close, so that intense discussions about the necessities and desiderata of modelling the ISM could be stimulated. Observers have shown in great detail on this conference of what is seen on all scales of the ISM, near and far, and what boundary conditions would be appropriate for realistic models, and theoreticians pointed out what assumptions and simplifications their codes need, and how future observations could test their models. As a first step towards this goal, some self-consistent numerical simulations with a minimum number of relevant physical processes were also presented on this meeting. There was wide agreement, that this approach - to keep observers and theoreticians in close contact and also in sometimes quite controversial discussions - will bear fruitful results in the near future.
Download or read book From Observations to Self consistent Modelling of the ISM in Galaxies written by Miguel A. de Avillez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Issue written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Galaxies written by G. Hensler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galaxies have a history: distant galaxies, formed early in the life of the universe, differ from the nearby ones. This book addresses the modeling of galaxy evolution from their cosmological formation to their presently observable structures, presenting the state of the art in the field.
Download or read book The Physics of Galaxy Formation written by Claudia Del P. Lagos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses two of the central processes which underpin the formation of galaxies: the formation of stars and the injection of energy into the interstellar medium from supernovae, called feedback. In her work Claudia Lagos has completely overhauled the treatment of these processes in simulations of galaxy formation. Her thesis makes two major breakthroughs, and represents the first major steps forward in these areas in more than a decade. Her work has enabled, for the first time, predictions to be made which can be compared against new observations which probe the neutral gas content of galaxies, opening up a completely novel way to constrain the models. The treatment of feedback from supernovae, and how this removes material from the interstellar medium, is also likely to have a lasting impact on the field. Claudia Lagos Ph.D. thesis was nominated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology at Durham University as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis 2012.
Download or read book Interstellar Turbulence written by José Franco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-05-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume presents a series of review articles covering every aspect of interstellar turbulence--from accretion disks, molecular clouds, atomic and ionized media, through to spiral galaxies - based on a major international conference held in Mexico City.With advances in observational techniques and the development of more efficient computer codes and faster computers, research in this area has made spectacular progress in recent years. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the most important developments in observing and modelling turbulent flows in the cosmos. It provides graduate student and researchers with a state-of-the-art summary of observational, theoretical and computational research in interstellar turbulence.
Download or read book The Interplay Among Black Holes Stars and ISM in Galactic Nuclei IAU S222 written by International Astronomical Union. Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How massive are the largest and smallest nuclear black holes in galaxies? Why are the masses of nuclear black holes proportional to those of their host galaxy bulges? How is nuclear activity triggered? What are the observational signatures of such processes? What are the connections between the active nucleus, stars and interstellar medium in galaxies? Answers to these questions are addressed in this book, which presents a compilation of 191 works covering recent observations from X-rays to radio wavelengths, as well as theoretical modeling of accretion disks, stellar populations and galaxy and black hole evolution. This volume presents the nuclear activity as a phase in the life of a galaxy, which is intimately connected to the evolution of its stars and interstellar medium. It brings together recent developments in topics covering most aspects of galaxy evolution, and is a valuable resource for astronomers and graduate students working in extragalactic astronomy.
Download or read book A Self Consistent Model of the Three Phase Interstellar Medium in Disk Galaxies written by Zhong Wang and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hot Interstellar Matter in Elliptical Galaxies written by Dong-Woo Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a number of new discoveries resulting from 10 years of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations and corresponding theoretical works, this is the first book to address significant progress in the research of the Hot Interstellar Matter in Elliptical Galaxies. A fundamental understanding of the physical properties of the hot ISM in elliptical galaxies is critical, because they are directly related to the formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies via star formation episodes, environmental effects such as stripping, infall, and mergers, and the growth of super-massive black holes. Thanks to the outstanding spatial resolution of Chandra and the large collecting area of XMM-Newton, various fine structures of the hot gas have been imaged in detail and key physical quantities have been accurately measured, allowing theoretical interpretations/predictions to be compared and tested against observational results. This book will bring all readers up-to-date on this essential field of research.
Download or read book Galaxy Evolution Connecting the Distant Universe with the Local Fossil Record written by Monique Spite and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date review of the basic elements directly connected to the evolution of galaxies links data about remote galaxies to the observation of very old populations in our own galaxy. Young researchers and well-known specialists discuss the difficulties and remaining uncertainties of the problem.
Download or read book Study of Non thermal Emission from Supernova Remnants and Cosmic Ray Injection in the Milky Way Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope written by Shiu Hang Lee and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the only class of sources known in our Galaxy capable of providing the energy necessary to power the bulk of the Galactic cosmic-rays (CRs) below the `knee' (~ 3 PeV). They are observable across the entire frequency spectrum from radio to TeV gamma-rays, and are known to exhibit a rich variety of complex morphologies in multi-wavelength. Non-thermal emissions from SNRs in X-ray and gamma-ray arise from interaction between particles accelerated by the SNR blast wave and the surrounding medium, and are hence one of the most useful probe for the Galactic CR production process. In this thesis, we will try to obtain a fuller understanding of the origin of Galactic CRs through studying non-thermal emissions from SNRs and modelling CR injection from their astrophysical accelerators. In the first part of the thesis, we will develop a robust tool to simulate time and space-resolved broadband emission from young shell-type SNRs using coupled hydrodynamic and diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) calculations. Usually, the DSA process is expected to be highly non-linear for young SNRs due to a number of postulated coupling phenomena, which leads to the inter-correlation of the emission spectra and morphology at different wavelengths. Therefore, to gain the full picture, it is important to combine multi-wavelength observations and the relevant physical processes into a self-consistent and flexible calculation framework. By taking into account particle transport, escape, interaction and various radiative processes, our tool can predict photon emissivity in full three-dimension and multi-wavelength for any given SNR model and surrounding environment, such as in the presence of a nearby molecular cloud. Through illustrations using a few typical models for Type Ia SNR, we will demonstrate its capability of calculating results directly comparable to observations, as well as to pinpoint the gamma-ray emission mechanism, namely the leptonic and hadronic scenarios. In the second part, we will study the gamma-ray emission from a middle-aged SNR IC 443 (G189.1+3.0) using the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). IC 443 has been extensively studied in the past few decades through radio to TeV gamma-ray, but high quality data in the sub-GeV to sub-TeV band, the most crucial window for constraining the origin of the high-energy emission, has still been missing. We will fill in this gap by analyzing LAT data from 200 MeV to 50 GeV using the 1st year of LAT data. Equipped with the high photon statistics available, and the excellent resolution, sensitivity and low background rate of LAT, we are able to probe the gamma-ray emission from IC 443 with minimal confusion with the backgrounds. We discovered spatially extended emission from IC 443 in the 1 - 50 GeV band for the first time, which eliminates the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) as the dominating gamma-ray emitter. We found good spatial correlation of the GeV mission with the TeV source recently detected by VERITAS, as well as a known group of ambient and shocked molecular clouds (MC). The sub-GeV to TeV broadband spectrum can be described by a power-law with a smooth break at a few GeV, the same feature also observed from several other LAT-detected middle-aged SNRs interacting with MCs. We will argue that the gamma-ray emission is most naturally explained by a neutral pion decay dominated origin, and the leptonic scenarios are disfavored. Finally, we will also discuss the major discoveries from LAT observations of other gamma-ray bright Galactic SNRs during the first 2 years of operation of Fermi. In the last part, we will construct a model of Galactic CR injection using constraints from most recent GeV and TeV observation data and CR measurements, which can provide a natural explanation for the enhanced positron flux above 10 GeV recently observed by PAMELA as compared to previous measurements. Without making speculation on `additional' positron contribution from any special nearby objects or resorting to exotic phenomena, we will look at a steady-state picture of our Galaxy in which the ensembles of SNRs and PWNe steadily inject CRs into the interstellar space. Using the GALPROP CR propagation code, the CR spectra and ratios at Earth are calculated and compared with data. Without tweaking the model parameters specifically to fit the positron data other than using observation and astrophysics-based assumptions, we will show that this steady-state model can satisfactorily reproduce the positron enhancement and other CR measurement results. Assisted by recent observations of middle-aged SNRs interacting with MCs by Fermi LAT, we are also able to set an upper-limit on the total number of these systems residing in our Galaxy. Finally, using this consistent model, we will estimate the energy budgets of the major species of Galactic CRs.
Download or read book Galactic and Extragalactic Infrared Spectroscopy written by M.F. Kessler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last major conference on infrared astronomy was the IAU Symposium No. 96 in June 1980. Since then, the discipline has continued to mature and to contribute to all branches of astrophysics. One particular area of growth has been in spectroscopic capabilities at all infrared wavelengths. The purpose of the Symposium in Toledo was to review the scientific questions to be addressed via infrared spectroscopy and to provide, in the proceedings, a useful summary of the field. The sensitivity of infrared spectroscopic observations is still generally limited by detector characteristics or by thermal background radiation. However in recent years improvements in detector technology together with developments in spectroscopic instrumentation have made possible both quite detailed spectroscopy of the brighter members of many classes of galactic sources and also begun to open up some infrared spectroscopy of extragalactic sources. The potential of the field in the next decade or two is clear. The lRAS mission has completed one of the pre-requisites, namely an all-sky photometric survey. Major space missions utilising cryogenic infrared telescopes have been approved in Europe (ISO) and seem likely in the USA (SIRTF); plans for space submillimeter telescopes are firming up. On the ground large telescopes optimized for infrared observations are now in operation at high altitude sites and specialized submillimeter facilities are under construction. The particular advantages of planned, very large telescopes for infrared observations are widely accepted.
Download or read book The Hubble Deep Field written by Space Telescope Science Institute (U.S.). Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-13 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is the deepest optical image of the Universe ever obtained. It is the result of a 150-orbit observing programme with the Hubble Space Telescope. It provides a unique resource for researchers studying the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. This timely volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the HDF and its scientific impact on our understanding in cosmology. It presents articles by a host of world experts who gathered together at an international conference at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The contributions combine observations of the HDF at a variety of wavelengths with the latest theoretical progress in our understanding of the cosmic history of star and galaxy formation. The HDF is set to revolutionize our understanding in cosmology. This book therefore provides an indispensable reference for all graduate students and researchers in observational or theoretical cosmology.
Download or read book Stellar Populations written by Alvio Renzini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date reference on stellar populations and development models includes coverage of distant galaxies, chemical evolution and supernovae. Written by highly acclaimed authorities in the field, the book makes use of specific problems to reveal the "kitchen secrets."
Download or read book Literature 1988 Part 1 written by U. Esser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the reviews: "Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969 and it has already become one of the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and neighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. ...The abstracts are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world." Space Science Reviews#1 "Dividing the whole field plus related subjects into 108 categories, each work is numbered and most are accompanied by brief abstracts. Fairly comprehensive cross-referencing links relevant papers to more than one category, and exhaustive author and subject indices are to be found at the back, making the catalogues easy to use. The series appears to be so complete in its coverage and always less than a year out of date that I shall certainly have to make a little more space on those shelves for future volumes." The Observatory Magazine#2
Download or read book The British National Bibliography written by Arthur James Wells and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dwarf Galaxies and Their Environment written by Klaas Sjoerds Boer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: