Download or read book Free Trade Area Membership as a Stepping Stone to Development written by Emiko Fukase and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ASEAN free trade area (AFTA) was created in 1992. This book presents an overview of the mechanisms of AFTA as well as individual country reports of the costs and benefits of membership. The final chapter looks at the potential impact on economic growth.
Download or read book Does Membership in a Regional Preferential Trade Arrangement Make a Country More or Less Protectionist written by Faezeh Foroutan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It seems participation in a regional trade agreement does not necessarily lead to a more liberal import regime.Foroutan explores whether a systematic relationship exists between a developing country`s participation in a preferential regional trade agreement (RTA) and the restrictiveness of its trade regime.The motivation for her study is provided by the current debate about whether regional trading blocs are a stepping-stone toward a more liberal global trading system and whether these blocs have changed over time so that the new blocs differ meaningfully from the old ones in terms of openness to the rest of the world.She restricts analysis to reciprocal RTAs involving developing countries in partnership either with industrial countries (North-South RTAs) or with other developing countries (South-South RTAs).Nearly every developing country belongs to one or more RTAs, so Foroutan develops criteria for distinguishing effective from noneffective regional blocs. She then taps into many sources of data to compare levels of restrictiveness.She finds no evidence that participation in a regional trade agreement necessarily leads to a more liberal import regime.This paper - a product of International Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study preferential trade issues. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Stepping Stones to Freer Trade written by Sir Frank Wakefield Holmes and published by Wellington : Victoria University Press for the Institute of Policy Studies and the Trade Development Board. This book was released on 1989 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Facets of Globalization written by Shahid Yusuf and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1985, national economies have become increasingly integrated into a global network. At the same time, both population and production in developing countries are becoming concentrated in urban regions. This, in turn, has generated demands for more local autonomy, shifting more decision making to sub-national levels. Globalization is expected to continue leading to greater openness and international mobility of capital and people. There are few reasons to believe that these trends will abateif anything, they are likely to intensify the focus on cities and sharpen competition among these for international and local resources. This volume underscores the transformative role of globalization and urbanization and shows the interplay between the two forces.
Download or read book Electronic Finance written by Stijn Claessens and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological developments in electronic finance have changed the nature and delivery of financial services in recent years, especially through the use of online banking, online trading and brokerage services. This report reviews the developments in e-finance and analyses the implications for consumers, financial service providers and governments. Issues discussed include: the impact on competition within the financial services industry; how financial sector policies in emerging markets are affected; public policy and regulatory requirements.
Download or read book Fostering Competition in China s Power Markets written by Noureddine Berrah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compares the recent evolution of the structure of inputs and expenditure in Armenia's general education with international norms and practice. In the context of the government's sectoral reform strategy, it also outlines various proposals for restructuring the system. The purpose of this study is to clarify what the inefficiencies might mean for future costs and performance of the system, highlight the trade-offs involved, and identify measures needed to overcome constraints to rationalization.
Download or read book Managing the Real and Fiscal Effects of Banking Crises written by Daniela Klingebiel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides two recent analyses of government responses to financial crises; they have been developed in the light of the recent East Asian crisis, but also draw on experiences from other regions. Issues discussed relate to: the tradeoffs involved in public policies for systemic financial and corporate sector restructuring; and the use of cross-country evidence to determine whether specific crisis containment and resolution policies effect the fiscal costs of resolving a crisis. The book also presents information on 113 systemic banking crises that have occurred in 93 countries since the 1970s, as well as 50 borderline or non-systemic banking crises in 44 countries during the same period.
Download or read book Farm Debt in the CIS written by Csaba Csáki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents the results of the multi-country study for farm debt in five Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries - Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, and the Ukraine. It offers a comparative analysis of the level and composition of farm debt in these countries and reviews the major reasons for farm debt accumulation in the 1990s.
Download or read book Closing the Gap in Access to Rural Communications written by Bjorn Wellenius and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aunque la reforma a las telecomunicaciones en Chile condujeron al desarrollo rapido en los anos 90 manejadas por el sector privado, las areas rurales seguian excluidas en gran parte debido al alto costo para proporcionar el servicio. En 1994, el gobierno establecio el Fondo para el Desarrollo de las Telecomunicaciones, financiado por presupuesto nacional para catalizar la inversion privada adicional y ponerla al servicio de las telecomunicaciones rurales.
Download or read book Options for Managing and Financing Rural Transport Infrastructure written by Christina Malmberg Calvo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 409. In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
Download or read book Structural Adjustment in the Transition written by Paul Siegelbaum and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The study reviews the transition efforts of four countries - Albania, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Moldova, to develop recommendations, which may benefit countries in future transition efforts. These countries have been unable to overcome obstacles to achieve any sustainable success in terms of growth or poverty reduction.
Download or read book Japan NAFTA and Europe written by T. David Mason and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging trade blocs in North America and the European Community are transforming the global economy and Japan's place in it. Will trade blocs be trade diverting or create new opportunities for Japanese trade and investment? Will a new Asian-Pacific trade bloc emerge in response to this new challenge? How will the collapse of the Soviet empire and the emergence of China as an economic power affect Japan's approach to trade blocs in its two most lucrative markets?
Download or read book ASEAN Economic Community and Beyond written by Sanchita Basu Das and published by Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2015 has special significance for regional economic integration. The ASEAN Community, integrating the political, economic and social aspects of regional cooperation, will complete its first milestone by December 2015. Expectations of tangible benefits under an ASEAN Economic Community have attracted much attention though many of the initiatives will be realized post-2015.Following the policy of open regionalism, ASEAN has also signed free trade agreements with Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Japan and South Korea. It has launched negotiations for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement in 2013, with expected breakthrough by end-2015.The Southeast Asian economies are also involved in two other regional initiatives. First is the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), initiated by the United States. As part of the U.S. "e;pivot to Asia"e;, the TPP is envisioned as a "e;comprehensive and high-quality"e; agreement and has concluded its negotiation in October 2015. Second, the discussions on regional connectivity have broadened; China has emerged as a recent lead proponent with its proposals for "e;One Belt, One Road"e; and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.All these together have implications not only for individual Southeast Asian countries but also for regional trading architecture. To aid in understanding the beginnings, development, and potential of these grand plans, this collection of 22 essays offers a rich analysis of ASEAN's own economic integration and other related initiatives proliferating in the broader Asia-Pacific region.
Download or read book Association written by David Phinnemore and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Association provides the main basis for relations between the EU and those states currently seeking membership. This book explores the potential scope and purpose of association and assesses the role it plays in promoting integration with and accession to the EU. Association is presented as a flexible form of relationship which can result in a highly developed alternative to membership. Yet, although association may be flexible, an examination of both the various associations created and the experiences of the associates shows that it involves associates becoming de facto satellites of the EU. Questions are also raised concerning the value of association as a stepping-stone to membership. Associations may be perceived as such, but rarely do they fulfil such a function. This title is published in conjunction with UACES, the University Association for Contemporary European Studies. UACES web site can be found at www.uaces.org
Download or read book Tools for measuring the full impacts of agricultural interventions written by Martin, Will and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A first step in evaluating the effects of agricultural investments in developing countries to recognize that policy makers will almost certainly have multiple objectives. Even policy makers like those at the Millennium Challenge Corporation, with a strong focus on ensuring that interventions contribute to growth, also have a keen interest in poverty reduction and other goals such as enhancing gender equity. This presence of multiple goals has profound impacts on the choice of policies and mean it is likely that more than one policy instrument will be needed to best achieve those goals. Once the goals of policy have been identified, the next step is to identify possible policy instruments to help in achieving these goals. These potential policy instruments will likely include some policy reforms like adjustments to trade policies that are relatively easy to implement, whose impacts are relatively easy to analyze and whose implications for fiscal revenues may be slight. They may also include re-forms to the ways that policies are identified and implemented, such as moves from centralized policy making to community driven development, designed to align policies more strongly with needs in the communities affected. They are also likely to include investment projects with substantial revenue requirements that seek to rectify market failures in areas such as the provision of public goods or the internalization of externalities. Constraints Analyses are an important part of the MCC approach to identifying and evaluating interventions using the Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco growth diagnostic approach (HRV). This seeks to identify areas in which substantial progress can be made at limited cost by identifying key omissions in cur-rent policies. Their famous, and useful, analogy to a barrel with a short stave whose lengthening can increase the water level in the barrel at minimum cost helps grasp the essence of this approach. It deals with situations where inefficiencies in past policy making, and/or changes in circumstances mean that disproportionately large benefits are obtainable at low cost.
Download or read book Regionalism in China Vietnam Relations written by Oliver Hensengerth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses collaboration in the Greater Mekong Subregion, which is a manifestation of the so-called ‘new regionalism’ in growth triangles (GTs) in Northeast and Southeast Asia. Exploring inter-state cooperation and the role of subnational units (provincial and local governments) and transnational actors (NGOs, firms) in building and maintaining the subregion.
Download or read book The Indian Pharmaceutical Sector written by Ramesh Govindaraj and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian pharmaceutical market ranks as the world's third largest in terms of volume, and has been growing at an annual rate of over 10 per cent over the last decade. Pharmaceutical policy in India is perceived primarily from an industrial perspective rather than a health sector priority, and is governed by a complex variety of laws and policies. This report reviews recent policy initiatives and their economic and health sector implications. It considers the profound gap that exists between the benefits which pharmaceuticals have to offer, and the reality that for millions of poor people in India medicines are often unaffordable, unsafe or improperly used. The report outlines some strategic options that could strengthen India's ability to ensure the availability, affordability, quality and rational use of essential medicines on a sustainable basis, using a mix of public and private sector resources.
