Download or read book France 2002 Article IV Consultation Staff Report Staff Supplement and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-11-13 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2002 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of France is facing a fast-approaching demographic turnaround—with the active population beginning to decline in 2007 and reducing annual per-capita-GDP growth by about half a percentage point for a few decades. In 2002, the general government budget deficit is expected to widen to 2.6 percent of GDP from 1.5 percent of GDP in 2001. The deterioration is in good part owing to the cyclical downswing but also to structural factors, in particular to the trend increase in social security spending.
Download or read book France Staff Report for the Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spain written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spain’s economy is facing severe challenges. Financial market tensions increased sharply in the wake of the Greek crisis. Policy should focus on rebalancing of the economy and securing market confidence. Ambitious fiscal consolidation is under way, but achievement of the targets needs to be made more credible and complemented by bold pension reform. A radical overhaul of the labor market is urgent. Progress in recent years on product and service market reform should continue. The banking sector remains sound but is under pressure.
Download or read book France written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-11-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: France’s economic short-term outlook is positive, and long-term prospects have improved. Fiscal adjustment remains high on the government’s agenda. Tax reforms have improved the economy’s growth potential. Reforms in financial, labor, and product markets are necessary to boost job creation, prepare the economy for aging, and allow it to benefit from global activity. The financial sector’s profitability and capitalization put it in a good position to manage increasing risks. Structural reforms in labor and product markets remain essential to boost long-term growth and secure fiscal sustainability.
Download or read book Italy written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italy’s 2008 Article IV Consultation describes the country's economic developments and policies. Output has been projected to contract by about 1⁄2 percent in 2008 and 1 percent in 2009, with risks tilted to the downside, linked to a further slowing of global growth and falling consumer confidence. The economy’s ability to rebound quickly is hampered by rigidities in the product and labor markets, a lack of domestic competition, a likely slower pace of industrial restructuring, and weakness of the public finances.
Download or read book Euro Area Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU crisis was caused by unsustainable policies in some member countries, and has put the spotlight on the deficiency of area-wide mechanisms in disciplining fiscal and structural policies. Despite a strong and far-reaching policy response, market confidence will take time to restore. Fiscal sustainability needs to be established. Growth needs to be boosted through swift implementation of structural reforms. The resilience of the banking system must be improved and its stability assured. Progress in building the EU’s financial stability architecture should be pursued.
Download or read book Mali written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-08-14 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mali’s 2008 Article IV Consultation and request for a Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility are discussed. Mali’s economy has doubled in size since the democratic transition of the early 1990s. Sound macroeconomic management has produced growth averaging almost 5 percent, and raised the tax ratio from less than 10 percent of GDP to about 16 percent. Agriculture, the mainstay of the economy, has been buffeted by recurrent droughts, floods, locust infestation, and diseases.
Download or read book Kingdom of Lesotho written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-04-21 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lesotho has made progress toward macroeconomic stability. After recent economic development, diamond production, garment industry, and good performance in the agriculture and service sectors were recovered. The fiscal position and public debt sustainability indicators have improved. Achievement of these objectives will call for an acceleration of the pace of structural reforms with a focus on promoting private sector development, while ensuring strong medium-term fiscal and external positions. The envisaged programs would be key to relieving constraints on growth and enhancing productivity.
Download or read book Financialization and Government Borrowing Capacity in Emerging Markets written by I. Hardie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardie investigates the link between the financialization – defined as the ability to trade risk – and the capacity of emerging market governments to borrow from private markets. He considers the government bond markets in Brazil, Lebanon and Turkey and includes interviews with 126 financial market actors.
Download or read book Greece written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-08-06 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that despite initial resilience partly explained by high wage growth and accelerated government spending in Greece, growth slowed substantially in early 2009. The main driving forces were lower investment and exports, destocking, and a decline in private consumption. Executive Directors have welcomed the extended period of strong growth through 2008, which had significantly narrowed the gap in real per-capita income with the EU-15. Directors have also emphasized the need to implement a comprehensive plan for fiscal consolidation and structural reform.
Download or read book Sweden written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweden was among the first to falter in the great recession. The downturn was mitigated by aggressive stabilization policies, led by a sharp relaxation of monetary policy, a slew of emergency financial sector support measures, and actions raising bank capital. The policy actions taken were effective because they occurred against the background of Sweden’s credible inflation targeting, freely floating exchange rate, and budgetary frameworks. The intention to keep policies supportive are appropriate. Fiscal policy anchors this effort, and the monetary stance is highly accommodative.
Download or read book France 2002 Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Politics of Economic Reform in Germany written by Kenneth Dyson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume situates current debates about economic reform in Germany in illuminating historical and structural contexts. Showing how economic reform has become the central issue on the German political agenda, raising contentious issues of policy management and posing deeper questions about political beliefs and identities. It also examines the politics of the reform process, outlining competing views about the root causes of Germany’s economic problems, the appropriate policy responses, and the distribution of costs. It situates the reform process in the wider context of the decline of the German economic model (Modell Deutschland) and Germany’s transition from European ‘pace-setter’ to economic ‘laggard’. Particular attention is paid to the following key questions: What continuities and discontinuities can be seen in Germany's political economy? Are globalization and Europeanization associated with a progressive neo-liberal ascendancy in economic reform? How does economic reform in Germany compare with that in other states, notably Britain and France? Are there distinctive patterns in the way domestic policymakers negotiate economic reform? How do the characteristics of the German labour market and welfare state condition economic reform? How much variation exists at the Laender levels? This book was previously published as a special issue of German Politics.
Download or read book Qatar written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Qatar has weathered the global economic crisis well. Enhancement of liquefied natural gas capacity (LNG), government support to the banking system, and increase in public spending sustain the high growth rates. There is a need to monitor aggregate demand to prevent the resurgence of inflation pressures. The creation of a financial stability unit and the results of recent stress tests show the banking system’s resilience to market and credit risks. The coordination among data providers and intention to seek technical assistance in consumer price index are noted.
Download or read book United Kingdom written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.K. economy is on the mend, but crisis-related scars still need healing. The challenge ahead will be to ensure sustainable recovery and balance sheet repair while remaining flexible to respond to shocks. A highly accommodative monetary stance is required to offset the contractionary impulse from fiscal policy and keep inflation close to target. Risks to this scenario are substantial, and policies will need to adapt if they materialize. The government should continue to fortify fiscal institutions. Efforts should continue to strengthen financial sector health.
Download or read book Staff Report on the Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies of the Euro Area and the Trade Policies of the European Union Staff Supplement Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion and Statement by the Executive Director on Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies of the Euro Area written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-10-29 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the monetary and exchange rate policies of the euro area and the trade policies of the European Union. The paper highlights that the overall economic performance of the euro area has been disappointing: growth has been weaker and inflation higher than generally expected. To a large extent, this is the result of a series of unanticipated shocks—oil prices and animal diseases earlier, and the global slowdown and the associated financial market turmoil more recently. However, the performance also appears to reflect a greater-than-anticipated vulnerability to shocks.
Download or read book Germany written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-01-21 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2008 Article IV Consultation highlights that the financial market turbulence has exposed vulnerabilities in the German financial system. The German consumer’s conservatism under the current uncertain conditions will amplify the export slowdown, and investment decisions are likely to be postponed. Executive Directors have welcomed the German authorities’ continuing priority to maintain financial stability and stabilize the real economy. Directors have also noted that the global financial crisis has highlighted important vulnerabilities of the German financial system, which could be intensified by the economic slowdown in Germany.
