Download or read book Fracture Avoidance in Laser welded Thick Structural Steel Plates with Yield Strength Between 235 and 890 Mpa written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint programme was carried out by Corus, TKS, IEHK and CSM to establish laserwelding procedures for higher strength and thicker plates than those currently welded. The work demonstrated that welds in plates of 8 and 15 mm thickness could be made with a single pass, whilst those at 25 mm can be made with a two-pass procedure. Trials using filler wires and hybrid welding reduced porosity levels but did not prevent solidification cracking. It was shown that laser-weld metal properties could be characterised using tensile tests, hardness tests, Charpy impact tests and fracture mechanics tests. Yield strength levels were typically in the 700 to 1 100 MPa range. Weld T27 was typically in the range - 60 to + 20°C and HAZ T27 in the range - 60 to 0°C. The correlation between T0 and T27 appeared to be in good agreement with the existing correlations. S-N fatigue performance was shown to be better than design lines for arc welds. Fatigue initiation occurred from the expected sites. Fracture initiation in wide-plate tests was sometimes in weld metal and sometimes in the HAZ depending on the relative toughness of the regions and the effect of strength mismatch. It was shown that structural integrity assessment procedures such as BS 7910, Sintap, etc. could be applied to laser welds. Comparisons between Eurocode 3 service temperature predictions and laser-wide plate test results showed that safe predictions were observed when the weld T27 or nominal T27 of the parent material was used. This suggests that laser weld and HAZ Charpy toughness should be required to meet the nominal toughness of the parent material.

Download or read book Fracture Avoidance in Laser welded Thick Structural Steel Plates with Yield Strength Between 235 and 890 Mpa written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From Charpy to Present Impact Testing written by D. Francois and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-18 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Charpy to Present Impact Testing contains 52 peer-reviewed papers selected from those presented at the Charpy Centenary Conference held in Poitiers, France, 2-5 October 2001. The name of Charpy remains associated with impact testing on notched specimens. At a time when many steam engines exploded, engineers were preoccupied with studying the resistance of steels to impact loading. The Charpy test has provided invaluable indications on the impact properties of materials. It revealed the brittle ductile transition of ferritic steels. The Charpy test is able to provide more quantitative results by instrumenting the striker, which allows the evolution of the applied load during the impact to be determined. The Charpy test is of great importance to evaluate the embrittlement of steels by irradiation in nuclear reactors. Progress in computer programming has allowed for a computer model of the test to be developed; a difficult task in view of its dynamic, three dimensional, adiabatic nature. Together with precise observations of the processes of fracture, this opens the possibility of transferring quantitatively the results of Charpy tests to real components. This test has also been extended to materials other than steels, and is also frequently used to test polymeric materials. Thus the Charpy test is a tool of great importance and is still at the root of a number of investigations; this is the reason why it was felt that the centenary of the Charpy test had to be celebrated. The Société Française de Métallurgie et de Matériaux decided to organise an international conference which was put under the auspices of the European Society for the Integrity of Structures (ESIS). This Charpy Centenary Conference (CCC 2001) was held in Poitiers, at Futuroscope in October 2001. More than 150 participants from 17 countries took part in the discussions and about one hundred presentations were given. An exhibition of equipment showed, not only present day testing machines, but also one of the first Charpy pendulums, brought all the way from Imperial College in London. From Charpy to Present Impact Testing puts together a number of significant contributions. They are classified into 6 headings: •Keynote lectures,•Micromechanisms,•Polymers,•Testing procedures,•Applications,•Modelling.

Download or read book Hyblas Economical and Safe Laser Hybrid Welding of Structural Steel written by S. E. Webster and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancing the Damage Tolerance of Laser Beam Welded Steels Using Crenellation Technique written by Sefika Elvin Eren and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue life extension, via the retardation of a growing crack under cyclic loading conditions, has been an important issue for designers and operators to reduce the cost and to improve the structural safety of welded structures. The methods to be employed for retarding fatigue crack propagation, needless to say, should ideally be knowledge based and practical (i.e. easy to implement, cost effective and should not lead to weight increase etc.). In this study, a novel approach based on modifying the distribution of the stress intensity factor (SIF) in plates using thickness variations is presented. By varying thickness via the introduction of ribs, "crenellations", on one side or surface of the welded or non-welded plates, it was shown that this novel technique can contribute to the fatigue crack propagation life of plates substantially. Furthermore, crenellations can potentially lead to weight reduction for a given target fatigue crack propagation life as well. This research programme aimed to gain a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in the damage tolerance behaviour of crenellated parent material and laser beam welded steel plates which operate, in principle, under cyclic loading. Particular emphasis was given to describe the crack growth retardation mechanism using the crenellation technique. The "crenellations" were introduced on the surface of the steel sheets and plates of medium grade and high-strength steels with and without laser beam welds. Experiments were conducted to study and investigate the fracture toughness, fatigue response and fatigue life of crenellated plates. In parallel, numerical analyses were carried out to compute the actual SIF for the combinations of crenellations in order to correlate the fatigue crack growth data. Investigations focused on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) under constant amplitude loadings, with cracks growing within (in butt joints) and towards (in fillet joints) the fusion zone. A number of crenellation configurations was investigated and the fatigue crack growth data were correlated using SIF. It was shown that the edge regions -where the thickness sharply changes from thin to thick or vice versa- and crack length have a substantial effect on the retardation and acceleration of the fatigue cracks. Factors such as sudden thickness variation and crack lengths -where plasticity can be substantial depending on the load level- affect crack retardation. However, it was shown that the evaluation of the correct SIF with respect to thickness and crack length conveniently describes fatigue cracking in these crenellated plates and allows the behaviour of these plates under cyclic loads to be compared with the behaviour of the reference, as-received plates subject to the same conditions. Based on the present tests and analyses, it is expected that an improvement in the fatigue crack propagation life of crenellated plates can be as much as 50 - 120 % depending on the configuration machined on the parent material and fillet welded plates, and crack arrest is very likely to occur depending on the crenellation configuration machined on the butt welded plates. The roles of local microstructural properties, residual stress profiles and K-distribution variations (due to crenellations) were discussed. The governing micro-mechanism(s) of failure of the plain and stiffened panels were identified and compared. The regions -where there is a rapid thickness change-exhibit complex crack fronts which contribute to the retardation of the crack under cyclic loading conditions. However, the overall cracking mechanism is the same as the mechanism observed in the un-crenellated, reference plates. Additionally, a numerical damage model based on strain energy was used to predict fatigue crack growth in the crenellated plates. In general, the results were conservative. The comparisons presented are used to identify the future trends in the development of numerical techniques that should be developed to complement testing. This is imminent especially for the cases, where large components with various features need to be tested. Given the difficulty and expense of running such industrial scale test programmes, numerical methods will be crucial for the optimization of the number of tests that may be necessary. This work and the conclusions presented are novel, and it was shown that no investigations exists in the open literature and on-going publicly funded projects, that considers both experimental and FE-methods to study the effect of crenellations. Furthermore, no previous work -using both extensive experimental and numerical programmes- has been reported on the role of crenellations on steels and their weldments. The results of this thesis are expected to have a significant impact on the existing knowledge and design as well as methods to extend fatigue life of the welded structures where crack propagation plays an important role.

Download or read book Control of Steel Construction to Avoid Brittle Failure written by Welding Research Council (U.S.). Plasticity Committee and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Causes of Cleavage Fracture in Ship Plate High Yield Strength Structural Steel written by A. BOODBERG and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of the investigation was to study the effect of variations in steel composition on the temperatures at which the mode of failure changed from ductile shear to brittle cleavage type. These transition temperatures were determined by means of tension tests on notched plates and welded structural assemblies. Three types of specimens were used, two simple notched specimens and one that provided restraint to plastic flow at a corner produced by welding together steel plates set along three mutually perpendicular planes. The specimens were tested in tension at various temperatures and at a low rate of strain in order to determine the transition temperatures of four different heats of high yield strength structural steels. Auxiliary tests were conducted by using a simple bend test to determine the effect of welding on the behavior of the steels. Results of the tests show that the four high yield strength structural steels used in this investigation, when tested in the form of restrained welded specimens, have transition temperatures that vary from -65F for one of the steels, to as high as -75F for one of the others. The tests of notched specimens showed transition temperatures for a particular steel that were approximately 50F lower than those indicated by tests of the large specimens. However, it was found that the steels are rated in the same order of transition temperatures by all three of the tests.

Download or read book Hybrid Laser GMA Welding of High Strength Steel Grades written by Agnieszka Kurc-Lisiecka and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of investigations on hybrid laser+gas metal arc (GMA) welding of butt joints of different fine-grained and thermomechanically rolled steel plates 5.0 mm thick are presented in the article. The hybrid welding tests were carried out on steel grade Domex 700MC, Domex 960, and Domex 1100. The experimental stand for hybrid welding consisted of the laser welding head and also the arc GMA torch. Butt joints of Domex 700MC plates were hybrid welded applying a metal cored wire Stein Megafil 742B (Charpy V: 80 J at -20C). In turn, the butt joints of Domex 960, and Domex 1100 steel plates were hybrid welded applying a metal cored wire Stein Megafil 1100M (Charpy V: 55 J at -20C). The quality of the test joints was analyzed by means of visual inspection and cross-section observation. In turn, the mechanical properties were evaluated by means of a static tensile test of the welded joints and also impact toughness of the weld metal. The results showed that the hybrid welding can provide a proper shape of weld even at altering gap between the butt surfaces of the groove and also at distinct shift of the electric arc to the laser beam spot. Results of tensile tests showed that the hybrid welded joints of Domex 960 and 1100 have the strength at similar levels of approximately 1,140 MPa, which is significantly higher compared to the joints of Domex 700MC at approximately 820 MPa. In turn, the weld metal of the Domex 700MC steel exhibited the highest impact toughness at a mean value of 139 J/cm 2 , whereas the test joints of Domex 960 showed lower impact toughness at approximately 122 J/cm 2 . Surprisingly, the lowest impact toughness was determined for the joints of Domex 1100, despite the same wire being applied for the Domex 960.

Download or read book Laser Welding of Some Low C and Low S C Mn Si Al Nb Structural Steels written by M. N. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tensile Strength of Steel Plates Using Longitudinal Welds written by Chad Ifland and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a tension steel plate is welded to a gusset steel plate and a tension load is transmitted to the gusset plate by longitudinal welds along both edges at the end of the tension plate, the shear lag factor (U) is used to determine the design tensile strength for the plate. The shear lag factor is determined from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Manual. The shear lag factor is selected from the table based on the length of the weld and the width of the steel plate that is in tension. The thickness of the plates, boundary condition of the gusset plate, the size and strength of the weld is not taken into account when determining the shear lag factor. This study will investigate if these factors will affect the design tensile strength for a tension plate welded to a gusset plate by longitudinal welds. NISA, finite element analysis software, will be used to determine the ultimate load the tension plate can handle before it fractures. Then the results will be compared to the design strengths calculated by using the shear lag factors earlier stated.

Download or read book Laser Weld Metal in a Microalloyed Steel written by M. N. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hybrid Laser Arc Welding written by F O Olsen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) is a combination of laser welding with arc welding that overcomes many of the shortfalls of both processes. This important book gives a comprehensive account of hybrid laser-arc welding technology and applications.The first part of the book reviews the characteristics of the process, including the properties of joints produced by hybrid laser-arc welding and ways of assessing weld quality. Part two discusses applications of the process to such metals as magnesium alloys, aluminium and steel as well as the use of hybrid laser-arc welding in such sectors as ship building and the automotive industry.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Hybrid laser-arc welding is a valuable source of reference for all those using this important welding technology. - Reviews arc and laser welding including both advantages and disadvantages of the hybrid laser-arc approach - Explores the characteristics of the process including the properties of joints produced by hybrid laser-arc welding and ways of assessing weld quality - Examines applications of the process including magnesium alloys, aluminium and steel with specific focus on applications in the shipbuilding and automotive industries

Download or read book Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels written by Andrea Di Schino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.

Download or read book Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels written by International Molybdenum Association and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Materials 2 written by Michael F. Ashby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a thorough explanation of the basic properties of materials; of how these can be controlled by processing; of how materials are formed, joined and finished; and of the chain of reasoning that leads to a successful choice of material for a particular application. The materials covered are grouped into four classes: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Each class is studied in turn, identifying the families of materials in the class, the microstructural features, the processes or treatments used to obtain a particular structure and their design applications. The text is supplemented by practical case studies and example problems with answers, and a valuable programmed learning course on phase diagrams.

Download or read book Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components written by Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gear Materials Properties and Manufacture written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing.