Download or read book Foundations of Logical Consequence written by Colin R. Caret and published by Mind Association Occasional. This book was released on 2015 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical consequence is the relation that obtains between premises and conclusion(s) in a valid argument. Orthodoxy has it that valid arguments are necessarily truth-preserving, but this platitude only raises a number of further questions, such as: how does the truth of premises guarantee the truth of a conclusion, and what constraints does validity impose on rational belief? This volume presents thirteen essays by some of the most important scholars in the field of philosophical logic. The essays offer ground-breaking new insights into the nature of logical consequence; the relation between logic and inference; how the semantics and pragmatics of natural language bear on logic; the relativity of logic; and the structural properties of the consequence relation.
Download or read book Foundations of Logical Consequence written by Colin R. Caret and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical consequence is the relation that obtains between premises and conclusion(s) in a valid argument. Orthodoxy has it that valid arguments are necessarily truth-preserving, but this platitude only raises a number of further questions, such as: how does the truth of premises guarantee the truth of a conclusion, and what constraints does validity impose on rational belief? This volume presents thirteen essays by some of the most important scholars in the field of philosophical logic. The essays offer ground-breaking new insights into the nature of logical consequence; the relation between logic and inference; how the semantics and pragmatics of natural language bear on logic; the relativity of logic; and the structural properties of the consequence relation.
Download or read book Logical Consequences written by Luis M Augusto and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of logical consequence is central in modern logic and its applications. However, it is mostly dispersed in an abundance of often difficultly accessible papers, and rarely treated with applications in mind. This book collects the most fundamental aspects of this theory and offers the reader the basics of its applications in computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, to name but the most important fields where this notion finds its many applications. Both deductive and non-deductive consequence are discussed. The starting point is classical deductive consequence: classical logic is the reference system, and the non-classical deductive systems are seen as extensions, deviations, or variations thereof. The discussion of non-classical deductive consequence focuses on many-valued, intuitionistic, modal, paraconsistent, and substructural logical consequences. The topic of non-deductive consequence is elaborated on from the viewpoints of abductive, inductive, and probabilistic logics. All in all, the major contemporary (classes of) logical systems are here discussed. The approach is mathematical in essence, and the mathematical background, mainly founded on order relations, is treated thoroughly and in an accessible way for the non-mathematician.
Download or read book Logical Pluralism and Logical Consequence written by Erik Stei and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. This is not necessarily a controversial claim but in its most exciting formulations, pluralism extends to logics that have typically been considered rival accounts of logical consequence – to logics, that is, which adopt seemingly contradictory views about basic logical laws or arguments. The logical pluralist challenges the philosophical orthodoxy that an argument is either deductively valid or invalid by claiming that there is more than one way for an argument to be valid. In this book, Erik Stei defends logical monism, provides a detailed analysis of different possible formulations of logical pluralism, and offers an original account of the plurality of correct logics that incorporates the benefits of both pluralist and monist approaches to logical consequence. His book will be valuable for a range of readers in the philosophy of logic.
Download or read book Judgement and the Epistemic Foundation of Logic written by Maria van der Schaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling reevaluation of the relationship between logic and knowledge affirms the key role that the notion of judgement must play in such a review. The commentary repatriates the concept of judgement in the discussion, banished in recent times by the logical positivism of Wittgenstein, Hilbert and Schlick, and the Platonism of Bolzano. The volume commences with the insights of Swedish philosopher Per Martin-Löf, the father of constructive type theory, for whom logic is a demonstrative science in which judgement is a settled feature of the landscape. His paper opens the first of four sections that examine, in turn, historical philosophical assessments of judgement and reason; their place in early modern philosophy; the notion of judgement and logical theory in Wolff, Kant and Neo-Kantians like Windelband; their development in the Husserlian phenomenological paradigm; and the work of Bolzano, Russell and Frege. The papers, whose authors include Per Martin-Löf, Göran Sundholm, Michael Della Rocca and Robin Rollinger, represent a finely judged editorial selection highlighting work on philosophers exercised by the question of whether or not an epistemic notion of judgement has a role to play in logic. The volume will be of profound interest to students and academicians for its application of historical developments in philosophy to the solution of vexatious contemporary issues in the foundation of logic.
Download or read book Logical Foundations for Rule Based Systems written by Antoni Ligeza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-01-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking in terms of facts and rules is perhaps one of the most common ways of approaching problem de?nition and problem solving both in everyday life and under more formal circumstances. The best known set of rules, the Ten Commandments have been accompanying us since the times of Moses; the Decalogue proved to be simple but powerful, concise and universal. It is logically consistent and complete. There are also many other attempts to impose rule-based regulations in almost all areas of life, including professional work, education, medical services, taxes, etc. Some most typical examples may include various codes (e.g. legal or tra?c code), regulations (especially military ones), and many systems of customary or informal rules. The universal nature of rule-based formulation of behavior or inference principles follows from the concept of rules being a simple and intuitive yet powerful concept of very high expressive power. Moreover, rules as such encode in fact functional aspects of behavior and can be used for modeling numerous phenomena.
Download or read book Logical Foundations of Probability written by Rudolf Carnap and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foundations of Logic and Linguistics written by Georg Dorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises a selection of papers that were contributed to the 7th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, which was held in Salzburg from the 11th - 16th July, 1983. There were 14 sections in this congress: 1. proof theory and foundations of mathematics 2. model theory and its applica ti on 3. recursion theory and theory of computation 4. axiomatic set theory 5. philosophical logic 6. general methodology of science 7. foundations of probability and induction 8. foundations and philosophy of the physical sciences 9. foundati ons and phi 1 osophy of biology 10. foundations and philosophy of psychology foundations and philosophy 11. of the social sciences 12. foundati ons and philosophy of linguistics 13. history of logic, methodology and philosophy of science 14. fundamental principles of the ethics of science In each section, three or four invited addresses were given, which will be published in the Congress Proceedings (Ruth Barcan Marcus, Georg J. W. Dorn and Paul Weingartner, eds. : Logic, Metho dology and Philosophy of Science VII. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of v PREFACE Science, Salzburg, 1983. - Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing 'Company, 1985. ) Every section with the exception of section 14 also contained contributed papers.
Download or read book Sets Logic and Mathematical Foundations written by Stephen Cole Kleene and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Semantic Conception of Logic written by Gil Sagi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of new essays presents cutting-edge research on the semantic conception of logic, the invariance criteria of logicality, grammaticality, and logical truth. Contributors explore the history of the semantic tradition, starting with Tarski, and its historical applications, while central criticisms of the tradition, and especially the use of invariance criteria to explain logicality, are revisited by the original participants in that debate. Other essays discuss more recent criticism of the approach, and researchers from mathematics and linguistics weigh in on the role of the semantic tradition in their disciplines. This book will be invaluable to philosophers and logicians alike.
Download or read book Foundations without Foundationalism written by Stewart Shapiro and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1991-09-19 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central contention of this book is that second-order logic has a central role to play in laying the foundations of mathematics. In order to develop the argument fully, the author presents a detailed development of higher-order logic, including a comprehensive discussion of its semantics. Professor Shapiro demonstrates the prevalence of second-order notions in mathematics is practised, and also the extent to which mathematical concepts can be formulated in second-order languages . He shows how first-order languages are insufficient to codify many concepts in contemporary mathematics, and thus that higher-order logic is needed to fully reflect current mathematics. Throughout, the emphasis is on discussing the philosophical and historical issues associated with this subject, and the implications that they have for foundational studies. For the most part, the author assumes little more than a familiarity with logic as might be gained from a beginning graduate course which includes the incompleteness of arithmetic and the Lowenheim-Skolem theorems. All those concerned with the foundations of mathematics will find this a thought-provoking discussion of some of the central issues in this subject.
Download or read book The Concept of Logical Consequence written by Matthew W. McKeon and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concept of Logical Consequence is a critical evaluation of the model-theoretic and proof-theoretic characterizations of logical consequence that proceeds from Alfred Tarski's characterization of the informal concept of logical consequence. This study evaluates and expands upon ideas set forth in Tarski's 1936 article on logical consequence, and appeals to his 1935 article on truth. Classical logic, as well as extensions and deviations are considered. Issues in the philosophy of logic such as the nature of logical constants, the philosophical significance of completeness, and the metaphysical and epistemological implications of logic are discussed in the context of the examination of the concept of logical consequence.
Download or read book Works on the Foundations of Statistical Physics written by Nikolai Sergeevich Krylov and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initially published in Moscow in 1950 following the author's death, this book contains the first chapters of a large monograph Krylov planned entitled The foundations of physical statistics," his doctoral thesis on "The processes of relaxation of statistical systems and the criterion of mechanical instability," and a small paper entitled "On the description of exhaustively complete experiments." Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures written by Wolfgang Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures, FOSSACS '99, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands in March 1999 as part of ETAPS'99. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 40 submissions. Also included are three invited papers. The central issues of the papers are theories and methods which suport the specification, transformation, verification and analysis of programs and software systems.
Download or read book Foundations of Rational Agency written by Michael Wooldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an advanced, comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of the field of rational agency as it stands today. It covers the philosophical foundations of rational agency, logical and decision-theoretic approaches to rational agency, multi-agent aspects of rational agency and a number of approaches to programming rational agents. It will be of interest to researchers in logic, mainstream computer science, the philosophy of rational action and agency, and economics.
Download or read book Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems written by Dietmar Seipel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-02-03 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems, FoIKS 2004 held at Wilheminenburg Castle, Austria in February 2004. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. Among the topics covered are data integration, data security, logic programming and databases, relational reasoning, database queries, higher-order data models, updates, database views, OLAP, belief modeling, fixpoint computations, interaction schemes, plan databases, etc.
Download or read book The Metaphysics of Representation written by J. Robert G. Williams and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the world is a puzzling thing. How can it be that mundane events such as processing a thought - and from there putting those thoughts into words - acquire this property of "aboutness"? How can expressions, which depend on anything from the most fundamental regularities in theuniverse to trivial matters of gossip, be either true or false? In The Metaphysics of Representation, J. Robert G. Williams tells a story about how representational properties arise out of a fundamentally non-representational world. The representational properties of language are reduced, viaconvention, to the representational properties of thoughts. The representational properties of thoughts are reduced, via principles of rationalization, to the representational properties of perception and intention. And this most fundamental layer of representation is explained in terms of thefunctions they have to communicate. Williams integrates work from rival traditions to present a combined perspective in the metaphysics of representation, give new predictions and explanations of representational phenomena, and offer new solutions to long-standing problems.
