Download or read book Form Profiling of Optics Using the Geometry Measuring Machine and the M 48 CMM at NIST written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Form Measurements Combining Beam Propagation Optical Scattering and Photogrammetry written by Kevin E. Bowes and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spherical optics produced by traditional polishing methods are easy and inexpensive to manufacture. However, these types of optics are currently limited by spherical aberrations induced as a result of the figuring process. In order to alleviate these optical aberrations, and at the same time minimize the number of elements used in an optical system, the required form of the optical element must be of the aspheric or free-form variety. Ultra precision multi-axis diamond machining can be used to manufacture optical quality aspheric and free-form components. Thermal environmental changes while machining a part, especially large parts several meters in size, can lead to significant form deviation. Final inspection is not typically completed while the part is on the machine; rather the part is measured externally with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), an optical scanner, or an interferometer. Improper operator use of contact measurements can compromise the surface quality, interferometry is best suited to nearly flat or spherical components, and common optical scanning techniques often do not meet desired measurement uncertainties. Further, removing the part for the measurement breaks the connection between the part and machine-tool coordinate systems and re-machining is difficult. Currently, the limiting factor in part manufacturing is the precision metrology used to assess surface form errors. If measurements of the form could be performed in-situ, while the part is being machined, then better parts could be manufactured where inaccuracies in the surface form caused by the machine tool can be corrected. The new measurement system proposed here combines photogrammetry and optical scattering, with beam propagation of a laser from the part. A laser beam is directed toward the surface and reflected from the surface to be measured, passing through and diffusely scattering from two windows. Photogrammetry is used to determine the coordinates of the beam locations at the two windows, which is then used to define the incident and reflected beam orientations. Vector calculus is then applied to determine the surface normal, and finally the profile is extracted via integration. For this metrology technique, it is suggested that uncertainties in the angle of the incident beam with respected to the surface normal, directly correlates to the uncertainties in the localized slope, or sagittal deviation at a particular point. The current limiting factor for the system is its sources of error which can include the proper calculation of the centroid of the scattered laser dot targets generated on the windows, the algorithms used generate the surface profiles, and the overall processing time to perform a full aperture measurement. It was found that the metrology system in its early stages of development can return experimental measurements errors on the level of parts in 10" mm. Two algorithms were compared to examine which was more suitable for the measurement system, the Line-Slope Algorithm (LSA) and the Neighboring Slope Algorithm (NSA). These algorithms were compared in "no-noise" and ""noise" conditions. The LSA seemed to be the best algorithm in a "no-noise" condition. However, real measurement results inherently are noisy. It was found that the NSA would be best suited for the system as it resulted in an order of magnitude lower error from a best-fit value. Also, it was found that an increasing point density resulted in a better surface approximation.
Download or read book The Gauge Block Handbook written by Ted Doiron and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a both a description of the current practice at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and a compilation of the theory and lore of gauge block calibration. Most of the chapters are nearly self-contained so that the interested reader can, for example, get information on the cleaning and handling of gauge blocks without having to read the chapters on measurement schemes or process control, etc. This partitioning of the material has led to some unavoidable repetition of material between chapters. The basic structure of the handbook is from the theoretical to the practical. Chapter 1: basic concepts and definitions of length and units; Chapter 2: history of gauge blocks, appropriate definitions and a discussion of pertinent national and international standards; Chapter 3: physical characteristics of gauge blocks, including thermal, mechanical and optical properties; Chapter 4: a description of statistical process control (SPC) and measurement assurance (MA) concepts; and Chapters 5 and 6: details of the mechanical comparisons and interferometric techniques used for gauge block calibrations. Full discussions of the related uncertainties and corrections are included. Finally, the appendices cover in more detail some important topics in metrology and gauge block calibration.
Download or read book Basics of Precision Engineering written by Richard Leach and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in engineering precision have tracked with technological progress for hundreds of years. Over the last few decades, precision engineering has been the specific focus of research on an international scale. The outcome of this effort has been the establishment of a broad range of engineering principles and techniques that form the foundation of precision design. Today’s precision manufacturing machines and measuring instruments represent highly specialised processes that combine deterministic engineering with metrology. Spanning a broad range of technology applications, precision engineering principles frequently bring together scientific ideas drawn from mechanics, materials, optics, electronics, control, thermo-mechanics, dynamics, and software engineering. This book provides a collection of these principles in a single source. Each topic is presented at a level suitable for both undergraduate students and precision engineers in the field. Also included is a wealth of references and example problems to consolidate ideas, and help guide the interested reader to more advanced literature on specific implementations.
Download or read book Measurement Assurance Programs written by Brian C. Belanger and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Design Manufacturing and Inspection written by Georg Henzold and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geometrical tolerancing is used to specify and control the form, location and orientation of the features of components and manufactured parts. This book presents the state of the art of geometrical tolerancing, covers the latest ISO and ANSI/ASME standards and is a comprehensive reference and guide for all professional engineers, designers, CAD users, quality managers and anyone involved in the creation or interpretation of CAD plans or engineering designs and specifications. For all design and manufacturing engineers working with these internationally required design standards Covers ISO and ANSI geometrical tolerance standards, including the 2005 revisions to the ISO standard Geometrical tolerancing is used in the preparation and interpretation of the design for any manufactured component or item: essential information for designers, engineers and CAD professionals
Download or read book Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology written by Y Zhao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dimensional metrology is an essential part of modern manufacturing technologies, but the basic theories and measurement methods are no longer sufficient for today's digitized systems. The information exchange between the software components of a dimensional metrology system not only costs a great deal of money, but also causes the entire system to lose data integrity. Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology analyzes interoperability issues in dimensional metrology systems and describes information modeling techniques. It discusses new approaches and data models for solving interoperability problems, as well as introducing process activities, existing and emerging data models, and the key technologies of dimensional metrology systems. Written for researchers in industry and academia, as well as advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book gives both an overview and an in-depth understanding of complete dimensional metrology systems. By covering in detail the theory and main content, techniques, and methods used in dimensional metrology systems, Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology enables readers to solve real-world dimensional measurement problems in modern dimensional metrology practices.
Download or read book Thomas Register of American Manufacturers and Thomas Register Catalog File written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1970-71 includes manufacturers' catalogs.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics written by Cameron Tropea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-09 with total page 1570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying DVD-ROM contains ... "all chapters of the Springer Handbook."--Page 3 of cover.
Download or read book Machine Tool Metrology written by Graham T. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximizing reader insights into the key scientific disciplines of Machine Tool Metrology, this text will prove useful for the industrial-practitioner and those interested in the operation of machine tools. Within this current level of industrial-content, this book incorporates significant usage of the existing published literature and valid information obtained from a wide-spectrum of manufacturers of plant, equipment and instrumentation before putting forward novel ideas and methodologies. Providing easy to understand bullet points and lucid descriptions of metrological and calibration subjects, this book aids reader understanding of the topics discussed whilst adding a voluminous-amount of footnotes utilised throughout all of the chapters, which adds some additional detail to the subject. Featuring an extensive amount of photographic-support, this book will serve as a key reference text for all those involved in the field.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Measurement and Quality Control Cyber Physical Issue written by Vidosav D. Majstorovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Measurement and Quality Control – Cyber Physical Issues (IMEKO TC 14 2019), held in Belgrade, Serbia, on 4–7 June 2019. The event marks the latest in a series of high-level conferences that bring together experts from academia and industry to exchange knowledge, ideas, experiences, research findings, and information in the field of measurement of geometrical quantities. The book addresses a wide range of topics, including: 3D measurement of GPS characteristics, measurement of gears and threads, measurement of roughness, micro- and nano-metrology, laser metrology for precision measurements, cyber physical metrology, optical measurement techniques, industrial computed tomography, multisensor techniques, intelligent measurement systems, evaluating measurement uncertainty, dimensional management in industry, product quality assurance methods, and big data analytics. By providing updates on key issues and highlighting recent advances in measurement and quality control, the book supports the transfer of vital knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners.
Download or read book Optical Technology Division written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfaces and their Measurement written by David J. Whitehouse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of surface metrology has long been acknowledged in manufacturing and mechanical engineering, but has now gained growing recognition in an expanding number of new applications in fields such as semiconductors, electronics and optics. Metrology is the scientific study of measurement, and surface metrology is the study of the measurement of rough surfaces. In this book, Professor David Whitehouse, an internationally acknowledged subject expert, covers the wide range of theory and practice, including the use of new methods of instrumentation. · Written by one of the world's leading metrologists · Covers electronics and optics applications as well as mechanical · Written for mechanical and manufacturing engineers, tribologists and precision engineers in industry and academia
Download or read book Laser Radar written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's world, the range of technologies with the potential to threaten the security of U.S. military forces is extremely broad. These include developments in explosive materials, sensors, control systems, robotics, satellite systems, and computing power, to name just a few. Such technologies have not only enhanced the capabilities of U.S. military forces, but also offer enhanced offensive capabilities to potential adversaries - either directly through the development of more sophisticated weapons, or more indirectly through opportunities for interrupting the function of defensive U.S. military systems. Passive and active electro-optical (EO) sensing technologies are prime examples. Laser Radar considers the potential of active EO technologies to create surprise; i.e., systems that use a source of visible or infrared light to interrogate a target in combination with sensitive detectors and processors to analyze the returned light. The addition of an interrogating light source to the system adds rich new phenomenologies that enable new capabilities to be explored. This report evaluates the fundamental, physical limits to active EO sensor technologies with potential military utility; identifies key technologies that may help overcome the impediments within a 5-10 year timeframe; considers the pros and cons of implementing each existing or emerging technology; and evaluates the potential uses of active EO sensing technologies, including 3D mapping and multi-discriminate laser radar technologies.
Download or read book Computer Vision Metrics written by Scott Krig and published by Apress. This book was released on 2014-06-14 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Vision Metrics provides an extensive survey and analysis of over 100 current and historical feature description and machine vision methods, with a detailed taxonomy for local, regional and global features. This book provides necessary background to develop intuition about why interest point detectors and feature descriptors actually work, how they are designed, with observations about tuning the methods for achieving robustness and invariance targets for specific applications. The survey is broader than it is deep, with over 540 references provided to dig deeper. The taxonomy includes search methods, spectra components, descriptor representation, shape, distance functions, accuracy, efficiency, robustness and invariance attributes, and more. Rather than providing ‘how-to’ source code examples and shortcuts, this book provides a counterpoint discussion to the many fine opencv community source code resources available for hands-on practitioners.
Download or read book Industrial X Ray Computed Tomography written by Simone Carmignato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray computed tomography has been used for several decades as a tool for measuring the three-dimensional geometry of the internal organs in medicine. However, in recent years, we have seen a move in manufacturing industries for the use of X-ray computed tomography; first to give qualitative information about the internal geometry and defects in a component, and more recently, as a fully-quantitative technique for dimensional and materials analysis. This trend is primarily due to the ability of X-ray computed tomography to give a high-density and multi-scale representation of both the external and internal geometry of a component, in a non-destructive, non-contact and relatively fast way. But, due to the complexity of X-ray computed tomography, there are remaining metrological issues to solve and the specification standards are still under development. This book will act as a one-stop-shop resource for students and users of X-ray computed tomography in both academia and industry. It presents the fundamental principles of the technique, detailed descriptions of the various components (hardware and software), current developments in calibration and performance verification and a wealth of example applications. The book will also highlight where there is still work to do, in the perspective that X-ray computed tomography will be an essential part of Industry 4.0.
