Download or read book Forest Resources Resilience and Conflicts written by Pravat Kumar Shit and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest Resources Resilience and Conflicts presents modern remote sensing and GIS techniques for Sustainable Livelihood. It provides an up-to-date critical analysis of the discourse surrounding forest resources and society, illustrating the relationship between forest resources and the livelihood of local people. The book is organized into four parts consisting of 31 chapters. Each chapter then reviews current understanding, present research, and future implications. Utilizing case studies and novel advances in geospatial technologies, Forest Resources Resilience and Conflicts provides a timely synthesis of a rapidly growing field and stimulates ideas for future work, especially considering sustainable development goals.In addition, the book presents the effective contribution of the forestry sector to populations’ livelihoods through improved collection of forestry statistics that foster the understanding and integration of the forestry sector in poverty reduction processes and the national economy to enhance its integration in national planning. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students in environmental science, especially those interested in forestry, geography, and remote sensing. Demonstrates tools and techniques for measurement, monitoring, mapping, and modeling of forest resources Explores state-of-the-art techniques using open source software, statistical programming, and GIS, focusing on recent trends in data mining and machine learning Addresses a wide range of issues with both environmental and societal implications Provides a global review of the multiple roles of forest resources utilizing case studies to illustrate management strategies and techniques

Download or read book Kings of the Forest written by Jana Fortier and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s world hunter-gatherer societies struggle with seemingly insurmountable problems: deforestation and encroachment, language loss, political domination by surrounding communities. Will they manage to survive? This book is about one such society living in the monsoon rainforests of western Nepal: the Raute. Kings of the Forest explores how this elusive ethnic group, the last hunter-gatherers of the Himalayas, maintains its traditional way of life amidst increasing pressure to assimilate. Author Jana Fortier examines Raute social strategies of survival as they roam the lower Himalayas gathering wild yams and hunting monkeys. Hunting is part of a symbiotic relationship with local Hindu farmers, who find their livelihoods threatened by the monkeys’ raids on their crops. Raute hunting helps the Hindus, who consider the monkeys sacred and are reluctant to kill the animals themselves. Fortier explores Raute beliefs about living in the forest and the central importance of foraging in their lives. She discusses Raute identity formation, nomadism, trade relations, and religious beliefs, all of which turn on the foragers’ belief in the moral goodness of their unique way of life. The book concludes with a review of issues that have long been important to anthropologists—among them, biocultural diversity and the shift from an evolutionary focus on the ideal hunter-gatherer to an interest in hunter-gatherer diversity. Kings of the Forest will be welcomed by readers of anthropology, Asian studies, environmental studies, ecology, cultural geography, and ethnic studies. It will also be eagerly read by those who recognize the critical importance of preserving and understanding the connections between biological and cultural diversity.

Download or read book American Forests written by Douglas W. MacCleery and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Forests as Complex Adaptive Systems written by Christian Messier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book links the emerging concepts of complexity, complex adaptive system (CAS) and resilience to forest ecology and management. It explores how these concepts can be applied in various forest biomes of the world with their different ecological, economic and social settings, and history. Individual chapters stress different elements of these concepts based on the specific setting and expertise of the authors. Regions and authors have been selected to cover a diversity of viewpoints and emphases, from silviculture and natural forests to forest restoration, and from boreal to tropical forests. The chapters show that there is no single generally applicable approach to forest management that applies to all settings. The first set of chapters provides a global overview of how complexity, CAS and resilience theory can benefit researchers who study forest ecosystems. A second set of chapters provides guidance for managers in understanding how these concepts can help them to facilitate forest ecosystem change and renewal (adapt or self-organize) in the face of global change while still delivering the goods and services desired by humans. The book takes a broad approach by covering a variety of forest biomes and the full range of management goals from timber production to forest restoration to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, quality of water, or carbon storage.

Download or read book Forest Resilience Biodiversity and Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resilience and the Behavior of Large Scale Systems written by Lance H. Gunderson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and researchers concerned with the behavior of large ecosystems have focused in recent years on the concept of "resilience." Traditional perspectives held that ecological systems exist close to a steady state and resilience is the ability of the system to return rapidly to that state following perturbation. However beginning with the work of C. S. Holling in the early 1970s, researchers began to look at conditions far from the steady state where instabilities can cause a system to shift into an entirely different regime of behavior, and where resilience is measured by the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before the system is restructured. Resilience and the Behavior of Large-Scale Systems examines theories of resilience and change, offering readers a thorough understanding of how the properties of ecological resilience and human adaptability interact in complex, regional-scale systems. The book addresses the theoretical concepts of resilience and stability in large-scale ecosystems as well as the empirical application of those concepts in a diverse set of cases. In addition, it discusses the practical implications of the new theoretical approaches and their role in the sustainability of human-modified ecosystems. The book begins with a review of key properties of complex adaptive systems that contribute to overall resilience, including multiple equlibria, complexity, self-organization at multiple scales, and order; it also presents a set of mathematical metaphors to describe and deepen the reader's understanding of the ideas being discussed. Following the introduction are case studies that explore the biophysical dimensions of resilience in both terrestrial and aquatic systems and evaluate the propositions presented in the introductory chapters. The book concludes with a synthesis section that revisits propositions in light of the case studies, while an appendix presents a detailed account of the relationship between return times for a disturbed system and its resilienc. In addition to the editors, contributors include Stephen R. Carpenter, Carl Folke, C. S. Holling, Bengt-Owe Jansson, Donald Ludwig, Ariel Lugo, Tim R. McClanahan, Garry D. Peterson, and Brian H. Walker.

Download or read book Operationalizing the Concepts of Resilience and Resistance for Managing Ecosystems and Species at Risk written by Jeanne C. Chambers and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forest Health Under Climate Change Effects on Tree Resilience and Pest and Pathogen Dynamics written by Riikka Linnakoski and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Building Wildfire Resilience Into Forest Management Planning written by Great Britain. Forestry Commission and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: http: //www.forestry.gov.uk/PDF/FCPG022.pdf/$FILE/FCPG022.pd

Download or read book Forest Resilience Measured written by Carrie Levine Levine and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the resilience of ecological systems in an era of global change is a priority for management and conservation. In California, forests are currently threatened by a suite of disturbances that include altered fire regimes, legacy effects from timber harvesting, a warming and drying climate, chronic air pollution, and uncharacteristically severe attacks by insects and pathogens. Managing to preserve the characteristic structure and function of California forests under novel disturbance regimes requires a clear understanding of these forests' historical conditions as well as an understanding of the drivers of change in these forests. A major challenge of managing for resilience is the lack of quantifiable metrics to assess changes in a system's resilience over time. This dissertation uses a multi-timescale approach that quantifies changes in the structure and composition of California mixed-conifer forests since European settlement and suggests a framework for measuring and monitoring forest resilience. This work can be used to guide conservation and restoration activities with the goal of maintaining the characteristic structure and function of forests under changing disturbance regimes. In Chapter 1, I explore the demographic responses that have led to a reordering of species dominance in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. California mixed-conifer forests have been subjected to a century of fire suppression, resulting in a shift in the structure and composition of these forests over time. Historically, a high-frequency, low-severity fire regime maintained structurally heterogeneous forests where dominance was shared among several conifer species. With the removal of fire from this system, forest density increased, as did the prevalence of shade-tolerant fir species at the expense of pines. Previous work suggests that species-specific differences in demography have contributed to a shift away from a heterogeneous, resilient forest to a monodominant forest that is more susceptible to catastrophic loss from fire, drought, or invasive pests or pathogens. However, these conclusions are typically derived from extrapolations from short-term data. I use a 57-year inventory record from an old-growth mixedconifer stand in the Plumas National Forest, CA, where fires have been excluded since the early 20th century. Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, I measure species-specific rates of mortality, recruitment, and growth over this 57-year period. I also correlated climate trends with demographic data to determine whether climate may be a driver of shifts in species composition. I found that basal area, density, and aboveground carbon have increased linearly over the 57-year period in spite of increasing temperatures, which I expected might have negatively affected growth. The recruitment and growth rates of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) and Abies concolor (white fir) were significantly higher than the community-level means, while the recruitment and growth rates of Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) and Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) were significantly lower than the community-level means. Mortality rates were similar among species. These results indicate that differences in species-specific growth and recruitment rates are the main drivers of a shift towards a low-diversity forest system and may potentially lead to the loss of pines from mixed-conifer forests. These results also quantify the strong effect that fire has on the regulation of forest biomass and density in this system. In Chapter 2, I address the need for accurate understandings of historical forest conditions to be used as guides when implementing management and restoration plans. Because historical Sierra- Nevada mixed conifer forests were considered to be resilient to disturbance due to their heterogeneous structure and function, historical conditions are often considered to be the target state for restoration. However, multiple methods for estimating historical forest conditions are available and these methods sometimes give conflicting results regarding the density of forests prior to European settlement. The General Land Office (GLO) surveys of the late 19th and early 20th centuries provide data on forest structure across a broad geographic range of the western US. Distance-based plotless density estimators (PDE) have been used previously to estimate density from the GLO data but this approach is limited due to errors that arise when trees are not randomly distributed. Recently, an area-based method was developed in order overcome this limitation of distance-based PDEs. The area-based method relies on estimating the speciesspecific Voronoi area of individual trees based on regression equations derived in contemporary stands. This method predicts historical densities that are 2-5 times higher than previous estimates, and the method has not been independently vetted. I applied three distance-based PDEs (Cottam, Pollard, and Morisita) and two area-based PDEs (Delincé and mean harmonic Voronoi density (MHVD)) in six mixed-conifer and pine-dominated stands in California, US and Baja California Norte, Mexico. These stands ranged in density from 784-159 trees ha-1. I found that the least biased estimate of tree density in every stand was obtained with the Morisita estimator and the most biased was obtained with the MHVD estimator. Estimates of tree density derived from the MHVD estimator were 1-4 times larger than the true densities. While the concept of area-based estimators is theoretically sound, as demonstrated by the accuracy of the Delincé estimates, the Delincé approach cannot be used with GLO data and the extension of the approach to the MHVD estimator is flawed. The inaccuracy of the MHVD method was attributed to two causes: (1) the use of a crown scaling factor that does not correct for the number of trees sampled and (2) the persistent underestimate of the true VA due to a weak relationship between tree size and VA. The results of this study suggest that estimates of historical conditions derived from applying the MHVD method to GLO data are likely to overestimate density and that tree size is not an accurate predictor of tree area in these open-canopy forests. I suggest caution in using density estimates derived from the MHVD method to inform restoration and management in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests, and recommend the Morisita estimator as the least biased of the distance-based estimators. In Chapter 3, I address the concept of resilience as it relates to forest ecology and management and outline a framework that can be used to determine quantifiable metrics of resilience. Resilience is an aggregate property of ecological systems that maintains the structure, function, and composition of the system when faced with a disturbance. The main challenge inherent in using resilience to inform management and conservation is the multitude of definitions and concepts that have been developed to describe the resilience of ecological systems. The framework I develop for operationalizing resilience builds on the theoretical concept of resilience but provides explicit metrics for measurement. In this framework, resilience is composed of two properties: resistance to disturbance and recovery from disturbance. I outline four dimensions of resistance and recovery that can be used to measure and monitor resilience, including heterogeneity, complexity, quality, and reserves. I dispense with the concept of strictly-defined alternate stable states and instead focus resilience goals on target states, which are determined by ecological, economic, recreational, or aesthetic considerations. I also conduct a literature review of papers which measure forest resilience to assess measurements and analyses that can be used to quantify the four dimensions of resilience in the context of resistance and recovery. The results of this review indicate that studies of resilience can effectively make use of simple methods for quantification and analysis and that the most compelling studies address both components of resilience (resistance to and recovery from disturbance) and multiple dimensions of resilience. I then apply metrics to quantify the dimensions of resilience in three case study systems: the Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest of California, the eastern hemlock forest of the northeastern US, and the northern hardwood forest of the northeastern US. I found that this resilience framework is limited by the fact that no single, absolute measure of resilience can be derived. However, the framework is useful for defining baseline resilience measures and establishing protocols for measuring relative changes in forest resilience over time.

Download or read book Fire Ecology and Management Past Present and Future of US Forested Ecosystems written by Cathryn H. Greenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents original scientific research and knowledge synthesis covering the past, present, and potential future fire ecology of major US forest types, with implications for forest management in a changing climate. The editors and authors highlight broad patterns among ecoregions and forest types, as well as detailed information for individual ecoregions, for fire frequencies and severities, fire effects on tree mortality and regeneration, and levels of fire-dependency by plant and animal communities. The foreword addresses emerging ecological and fire management challenges for forests, in relation to sustainable development goals as highlighted in recent government reports. An introductory chapter highlights patterns of variation in frequencies, severities, scales, and spatial patterns of fire across ecoregions and among forested ecosystems across the US in relation to climate, fuels, topography and soils, ignition sources (lightning or anthropogenic), and vegetation. Separate chapters by respected experts delve into the fire ecology of major forest types within US ecoregions, with a focus on the level of plant and animal fire-dependency, and the role of fire in maintaining forest composition and structure. The regional chapters also include discussion of historic natural (lightning-ignited) and anthropogenic (Native American; settlers) fire regimes, current fire regimes as influenced by recent decades of fire suppression and land use history, and fire management in relation to ecosystem integrity and restoration, wildfire threat, and climate change. The summary chapter combines the major points of each chapter, in a synthesis of US-wide fire ecology and forest management into the future. This book provides current, organized, readily accessible information for the conservation community, land managers, scientists, students and educators, and others interested in how fire behavior and effects on structure and composition differ among ecoregions and forest types, and what that means for forest management today and in the future.

Download or read book Climate Change and Resilience in Indiana and Beyond written by Janet G. McCabe and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is affecting Indiana's environment, threatening the way Hoosiers live and do business, and introducing new stresses to the state's economy, health, and infrastructure. And while scientists predict more days of extreme weather, increased public health risks, and reduced agricultural production in the coming years, Hoosiers still have a substantial say in determining their future environment. Climate Change and Resilience in Indiana and Beyond confirms that Indiana can rise to meet this threat. The culmination of Indiana University's Prepared for Environmental Change Grand Challenge, this collection showcases how scientists, policymakers, communicators, and others are working hard to protect Indiana's economy and way of life by becoming more resilient. Researchers are creating new environmental resilience frameworks, building on years of existing research on how ecosystems can adapt, how social systems process threats in order to change, and how individuals themselves fit into the larger picture. In addition to presenting research results, Climate Change and Resilience in Indiana and Beyond provides clear examples of how Hoosiers can make a difference by reducing risks, lessening the harmful impacts of climate change, and preparing for the unavoidable. What emerges in these pages is a hopeful, optimistic picture of how resilience is generalizable across systems—from forests to farms to cities—and how Hoosiers are mobilizing this resilience in the face of climate change.

Download or read book Forest Restoration in Landscapes written by Stephanie Mansourian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, published in cooperation with WWF International, integrates the restoration of forest functions into landscape conservation plans. The contents represent the collective body of knowledge and experience of WWF and its many partners - collected here for the first time. This guide will serve as a first stop for practitioners and researchers in many organizations and regions, and as a key reference on the subject.

Download or read book Forests Adrift written by Charles D. Canham and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A captivating analysis of the past, present, and future of northeastern forests and the forces that have shaped them The northeastern United States is one of the most densely forested regions in the country, yet its history of growth, destruction, and renewal are for the most part poorly understood--even by specialists. In this engaging look at both the impermanence and the resilience of the northeastern forest ecosystems, Charles D. Canham provides a synthesis of modern ecological research and explores critical threats that include logging, fire suppression, disease, air pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Providing a historical perspective on how northeastern forests have changed since the arrival of European settlers, Canham also utilizes new theoretical models to predict how these ecosystems will change and adapt to an uncertain future. This is an informed and accessible investigation of an endangered natural landscape that examines the ramifications of the scientific controversies and ethical dilemmas shaping the future of northeastern forests.

Download or read book Foundations of Ecological Resilience written by Lance H. Gunderson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-07-16 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological resilience provides a theoretical foundation for understanding how complex systems adapt to and recover from localized disturbances like hurricanes, fires, pest outbreaks, and floods, as well as large-scale perturbations such as climate change. Ecologists have developed resilience theory over the past three decades in an effort to explain surprising and nonlinear dynamics of complex adaptive systems. Resilience theory is especially important to environmental scientists for its role in underpinning adaptive management approaches to ecosystem and resource management. Foundations of Ecological Resilience is a collection of the most important articles on the subject of ecological resilience—those writings that have defined and developed basic concepts in the field and help explain its importance and meaning for scientists and researchers. The book’s three sections cover articles that have shaped or defined the concepts and theories of resilience, including key papers that broke new conceptual ground and contributed novel ideas to the field; examples that demonstrate ecological resilience in a range of ecosystems; and articles that present practical methods for understanding and managing nonlinear ecosystem dynamics. Foundations of Ecological Resilience is an important contribution to our collective understanding of resilience and an invaluable resource for students and scholars in ecology, wildlife ecology, conservation biology, sustainability, environmental science, public policy, and related fields.

Download or read book Trends in forest conditions and implications for resilience to climate change under differing forest governance regimes written by Russell, A. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mount Elgon is a transboundary East African montane ecosystem that harbors unique biological diversity and provides critical goods and services to the surrounding densely populated communities. As a key water tower, the effectiveness of forest- and land-management policies has direct impacts on agriculture, hydropower, fisheries and other sectors across large watersheds in Uganda and Kenya (and onward to the whole Nile River basin). The Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) have developed a range of exclusionary protected area and partial-access participatory forest management approaches to enforce national conservation mandates in different portions of the Mount Elgon. The future resilience of forest assemblages will be challenged as climate change and increased variability in weather patterns interact that with societal interventions that may enable the introduction of exotic species, the expansion of diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different forest governance regimes on forest structure and composition over time (1997-2014). Two study sites in Uganda (Kapkwai and Bufuma) and Kenya (Chorlem and Kimothon) under differing forest governance arrangements were monitored from 1997 to 2014 using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) methodology. Each forest unit was sampled three to four times (1997, 2001/2, 2008, 2013/14), at 30 randomly established sample plots. Data was collected on seedlings (counts), saplings and shrubs (diameter at breast height [DBH] and height), trees (DBH and height) and forest use. This analysis of forest structure and composition included density, basal area, dominant species, species richness and the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index. When comparing the outcomes for participatory forest management and centralized forest management in Uganda versus Kenya, the results defy dogmatic generalizations as the outcomes differed in the two countries. Furthermore, this study highlighted the fragility of certain improvements in forest resilience. In this respect, recent declines in forest cover mean that these forest management regimes will need to continue improving their engagement with local communities in order to address both internal socioeconomic and urban-/private sector-driven deterioration of Mount Elgon's forests. This study also highlights the need for greater integration of development (climate-change adaptation) and conservation (climate-change mitigation) policies.

Download or read book Mexico s Community Forest Enterprises written by David Barton Bray and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The road to sustainable forest management and stewardship has been debated for decades. Some advocate for governmental control and oversight. Some say that the only way to stem the tide of deforestation is to place as many tracts as possible under strict protection. Caught in the middle of this debate, forest inhabitants of the developing world struggle to balance the extraction of precarious livelihoods from forests while responding to increasing pressures from national governments, international institutions, and their own perceptions of environmental decline to protect biodiversity, restore forests, and mitigate climate change. Mexico presents a unique case in which much of the nation’s forests were placed as commons in the hands of communities, who, with state support and their own entrepreneurial vigor, created community forest enterprises (CFEs). David Barton Bray, who has spent more than thirty years engaged with and researching Mexican community forestry, shows that this reform has transformed forest management in that country at a scale and level of maturity unmatched anywhere else in the world. For decades Mexico has been conducting a de facto large-scale experiment in the design of a national social-ecological system (SES) focused on community forests. What happens when you give subsistence communities rights over forests, as well as training, organizational support, equipment, and financial capital? Do the communities destroy the forest in the name of economic development, or do they manage them sustainably, generating current income while maintaining intergenerational value as a resource for their children? Bray shares the scientific and social evidence that can now begin to answer these questions. This is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and the interested public on the future of global forest resilience and the possibilities for a good Anthropocene.