Download or read book Forced Savings and Repressed Inflation in the Soviet Union written by Mr.Mario I. Bléjer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-06-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In countries such as the Soviet Union, where wealth is mainly stored in monetary assets, the behavior of the money to income ratio is a poor indicator of the growth of undesired monetary balances (monetary overhang). In those countries a monetary overhang is primarily a wealth overhang, which has to be analyzed by evaluating deviations of actual from desired wealth holdings; this requires an empirical analysis of consumption and saving decisions. In this paper, we present estimates of a consumption function for the Soviet Union, from which an evaluation of the monetary overhang existing at the end of 1990 is derived.
Download or read book Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies written by C.M. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Economic Reforms written by Mario I. Blejer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following Macroeconomic Dimensions of Public Finance, this is the second volume of essays in honour of Vito Tanzi. It focuses on the importance of fiscal policy on the wholesale economic reforms that are sweeping the advanced, less developed and formally communist countries. Issues analyzed include: * the role of fiscal and budgetary policies in the process of reform * the impact of privatization on the exchequer and the dilemmas for social policy in times of fiscal austerity * the paradox of post-socialism and post-dirigisme that an efficient and harmonic move to a decontrolled, liberal market economy involves active state intervention * the methodological aspects relating to the proper assessment of fiscal policy mechanisms. This collection of essays contributes to the understanding of the channels and transmissions mechanisms of fiscal policies in the context of major economic reforms.
Download or read book Hyperinflation written by He Liping and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1970s when the world was experiencing an "age of inflation", a great volume of academic research about hyperinflation has been conducted. However, it is also true that parrot-like superficial talks abound, without questioning the economic, political and social foundations existing underneath the economic phenomenon. Based on research results of contemporary economists, media reports and historical works, this book will be the most comprehensive narrative of all major events of hyperinflation worldwide from the turn of the first millennium to the mid-2010s. Firstly, it gives a brief illustration of the basic concepts of hyperinflation, starting with the definitions and price measurement. Then it traces and analyzes all major episodes of hyperinflation that occurred over the past two thousand years or so, from the earliest incidence to the four tidal waves in the 20th century, and to the three latest episodes in the 21st century. Using basic concepts in modern finance such as indexation and dollarization, this book explains why hyperinflation in some countries could explode into astronomical levels, while rhythms of hyperinflation in the 20th century world are in resonance of megatrends in world economy and politics. Finally, this book underscores the importance of policy making, institutional building and international relations in the process of hyperinflation and stabilization. Scholars and students studying money and finance, economic history, international finance and economics will be attracted by this book.
Download or read book Disinflation in Transition Economies written by Ms.Sharmini Coorey and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of the persistence of moderate inflation in many transition economies, this paper analyzes whether inflation resulted from insufficiently tight financial policies and wage pressures or from the protracted adjustment of relative prices. Using a new database for 21 countries, the effect of relative price variability on inflation is estimated within a framework controlling for nominal and real shocks. Money and wage growth were the most important determinants of inflation; relative price variability had a sizable effect at high inflation during initial liberalization and a small effect at moderate inflation. Cost recovery may contribute to variability, particularly in the advanced stages of the transition.
Download or read book Mongolia written by Ian Jeffries and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-16 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a full account of the key political and economic events in Mongolia, focusing on the period since the establishment of the Soviet-backed Mongolian People’s Republic in 1924 and the transition towards a democratic free market system since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Download or read book Unemployment Restructuring and the Labor Market in Eastern Europe and Russia written by Simon Commander and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 263. Management of water resources is essential for long-term, environmentally sustainable human and economic development. Increasingly, the World Bank and other international organizations are called upon to provide support in the formulation of water resources strategies. This volume serves as a guide for developing countries in creating their strategies by outlining a general process. It also suggests ways for countries to build capacity through the process of designing and implementing such strategies. The volume is divided into two parts. Part I covers the purpose and process of strategy formulation. The process consists of a water resource assessment and then the design and choice of options. Part II reviews such main concepts as institutional and human resources, stakeholder participation, information systems, economics, environment and health, and international issues.
Download or read book Economic Management and Transition Towards a Market Economy written by Anthony T.H. Chin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much attention has been focused in recent years on the transformation of the economies of Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. However, a growing demand for policy advice, technical assistance and expertise is also coming from Asian reforming countries such as China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. In addition, business communities abroad are increasingly interested in exploring investment and marketing opportunities in these reforming countries. Such developments are too important to overlook or ignore.The transformation of socialist economies towards market-based systems entails an unusually wide range of problems. Studies of related topics are complicated by the speed of the changes and the lack of clear historical precedents. Although the structural features of Asian reforming economies are in important ways different from those of the Eastern European economies, all socialist economies share similar fundamental conditions on the eve of economic reform which raise a similar set of reform issues.This volume brings together a rich collection of expertise and information in an attempt to shed some light on the transitional process in Asia. The contributions are by no means exhaustive. However, they provide the reader and analyst with an excellent starting point to the problems and prospects which are specific to Asian transforming economies.
Download or read book North Korea written by Ian Jeffries and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is much intense interest in North Korea at present. This partly arises from questions about Korea's nuclear capability and intentions, and about the extent to which North Korea may be viewed as 'a rogue state' or part of 'the axis of evil'. In addition, however, North Korea has recently begun experimenting with reforms along Chinese lines. The vigour with which these will be pursued, and related questions about the degree of engagement, or otherwise, with South Korea are also important issues. This book provides full details of economic and political developments in North Korea since 1989 when the communist world began to change irrevocably.
Download or read book The Meltdown of the Russian State written by Piroska Mohácsi Nagy and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-26 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis in political-economic terms of how certain groups of the managerial-banker elite in Russia grab power and wealth to a highly unusual degree in modern history. The book draws together various pieces of evidence to offer a convincing overall picture.
Download or read book Understanding Market Reforms written by J. Fanelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-10-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a widespread move toward more market-oriented policies and institutions across the developing and former socialist countries. 31 country studies were undertaken to try to understand the divergent results of these reforms. This book presents the findings of these studies, synthesized on a regional and global basis.
Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalization in developing countries is frequently opposed on the grounds that, because it is likely to cause a deterioration in the external balance, it may not be a viable policy option for countries facing foreign exchange constraints. Recent literature suggests, however, an ambiguous relationship between tariff changes and the current account. This paper shows that if liberalization involves reducing tariffs on imported intermediate inputs (a reform that has figured prominently in developing countries), then the current account may improve or deteriorate, depending on the level of initial trade distortions and the structure of the economy.[JEL F13, F32, F41]
Download or read book Central Banking and Financialization written by D. Gabor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the causes and effects of the rise of neoliberalism in Eastern Europe in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union. It provides a political economy analysis of the role of central banks, and identifies them as a key actor in the production and dissemination of the neoliberal economic policies.
Download or read book Banking and Financial Control in Reforming Planned Economies written by Haiqun Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the banking system reforms with particular reference to centrally planned economies. The book reviews the socialist banking reforms and analyses their financial problems. Employing a critical exposition of banking theories, it assesses current financial disorders and takes issue with some established theories.
Download or read book Economic Transition in Central and Eastern Europe written by Daniel Gros and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysing the key problems facing the transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe, this accessible book describes the legacy of the central planners, the progress achieved so far and the need for further reforms. It documents the outstanding successes and failures, and analyses why certain approaches to transition have worked and others have not. It tests where transition is over and shows how some countries have graduated from 'transition' to 'integration' through their efforts to join the European Union (EU). It discusses the costs and benefits of the eastern enlargement of the EU. The specific experiences of German unification, the Soviet Union's disintegration, and Russia's complex reforms are examined, as are the specific issues that need to be addressed in the Balkans. The book concludes by indicating how the expanding EU could help the poor performers through inclusion in a continent-wide integrated economic area.
Download or read book Transition and Price Stabilization Policies in East European Agriculture written by Emil Maria Claassen and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distorted World of Soviet Type Economies Routledge Revivals written by Jan Winiecki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe provide unique examples of large-scale relatively highly developed centrally planned economies. In the 1980s economists in both the East and West began to focus with increasingly critical attention on the economies of the Soviet Bloc, in an attempt to explain why they were performing so poorly in comparison with the economies of the Western powers and the capitalist countries of South-East Asia. First published in 1988 this substantial and innovative contribution to the critical literature on the economies of the former Soviet bloc is unusual in that its author is equally familiar with both Western and Eastern sources. It highlights, in particular, a discrepancy between the behaviour of individuals in Soviet-style economies and that expected of agents in a market system. It proceeds to outline how the consequent discordance between microeconomic practice and macroeconomic planning generates fundamental economic distortions.
