Download or read book Foraging Differences Between the Native Snail Fossaria Sp and the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in Response to Phosphorus Limitation written by Brenda K. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals require food adequate in quantity and quality to grow and reproduce. Therefore, environments limited in key nutrients may promote competitive interactions, with the organisms best equipped to exploit these resources gaining a competitive advantage. We compared the foraging behavior of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), a worldwide invader that can dominate secondary productivity to Fossaria (Bakerlymnaea) bulimoides which is native to western North America to determine whether either of these animals modify their behavior to compensate for nutrient limitation. We used the amount of dietary phosphorus (P) as a measure of food quality, because P is often a limiting resource in freshwater ecosystems. We compared the feeding rate and food preference of each snail species to food containing two levels of P. Because potential competitors can also affect foraging decisions, we conducted additional experiments comparing the effects of conspecifics and heterospecifics under low and high biomass. Consistent with predictions, both species increased feeding rate of low P food, and P. antipodarum consumed more food per unit mass than Fossaria. However, only Fossaria displayed a preference for high P food. The two snails also differed in their response to interacting snails. Fossaria significantly reduced foraging activity in the presence of both conspecifics and heterospecifics, while P. antipodarum spent more time feeding under high conspecific density. Although the presence of high densities of P. antipodarum may negatively impact Fossaria in its native habitat, Fossaria?s ability to locate and preferentially feed on higher quality resources may mitigate some of the impact, potentially facilitating coexistence between these two species.
Download or read book Invasive and Native Species Interactions written by Heather N. Thon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive species can alter the structure and function of ecosystems, reduce biological diversity, and directly change communities through predation, facilitation and competition. The invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has varying effects on native species in ecosystems where it has been introduced. We used two different experimental designs to study the interactions between P. antipodarum and the native snail, Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides group in Polecat Creek, Wyoming. We predicted that P. antipodarum would compete with Fossaria because they co-occur and consume similar resources. In the first experiment, we investigated growth at low ambient levels of biomass of each species. We found that growth of Fossaria and P. antipodarum was reduced by the presence of all competitors and that Fossaria grew more in intraspecific than interspecific interactions. This result was probably caused by much higher ambient biomass of the invasive P. antipodarum in the interspecific interaction treatment. Therefore, in our second experiment, we investigated how the snails interacted at an equal, higher biomass. Although growth of Fossaria was nearly halted at this high biomass of competitors, P. antipodarum grew fourteen times faster than the native despite removing less algae. In the high biomass treatment, growth of P. antipodarum was facilitated by the presence of Fossaria. Overall, although growth of both snail species was reduced by the biomass of competitors, for Fossaria, growth was reduced at a rate that was four times higher than P. antipodarum. We concluded that any negative effects on Fossaria do not appear to be caused by traits of P. antipodarum, per se, but rather by a high biomass of snails that occurs when they are highly abundant.
Download or read book Phosphorus mediated Changes in Life History Traits of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by Teresa M. Tibbets and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the mechanisms that species use to succeed in new environments is vital to predicting the extent of invasive species impacts. Food quality is potentially important because it can affect population dynamics by affecting life history traits. The New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, is a worldwide invader. We examined how mudsnail growth rate and fecundity responded to the C:P ratio of algal food in laboratory conditions. Mudsnails fed low-P algae (C:P 1,119) grew more slowly, matured later, produced smaller offspring, and grew to a smaller adult size than snails reared on algae with high levels of P. A relatively small increase in algal C:P (203?270) significantly increased mudsnail age at maturity. We suggest that the relatively high body P requirements of mudsnails make them susceptible to allocation trade-offs between growth and reproduction under P-limited conditions. The elemental composition of algae varies greatly in nature, and over half of the rock biofilms in streams surveyed within the introduced range of mudsnails in the Greater Yellowstone Area had C:P ratios above which could potentially pose P limitation of life history traits. High growth rate and fecundity are common traits of many species that become invasive and are also associated with high-P demands. Therefore, fast-growing consumers with high P demands, such as mudsnails, are potentially more sensitive to P limitation suggesting that limitation of growth and reproduction by food quality is an important factor in understanding the resource demands of invasive species.
Download or read book Behavioral Compensation in a Low Phosphorus Environment and the Benefits of High Density in an Invasive Snail written by Brenda Kay Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a world-wide invasive snail that has established populations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), where it negatively impacts native grazers. Effective control methods for this invader require an understanding of how it is affected by conspecific and heterospecific interactions and nutrient limitation. Herein, I addressed these questions in two chapters. The first chapter compared the feeding rate and feeding preference between P. antipodarum and a native snail, Fossaria, and how each of these species alter foraging behavior under high and low densities of conspecific and heterospecific interactors. While both species increased the rate at which they consumed low quality relative to high quality food, only Fossaria had an apparent preference for high quality food over low quality when given a choice. While Fossaria decreased the amount of time spent feeding when any interactor was present, P. antipodarum was more likely to feed with a high biomass of interactors present, and particularly with conspecifics. I pursued this question further in chapter two, asking if P. antipodarum benefits from high densities of conspecifics. Using three increasing levels of density (1, 5 and 15 animals), I found that P. antipodarum is more likely to feed and spends more time feeding with 15 conspecifics, compared to the control (no interactors) and lower density levels. As in chapter one, P. antipodarum density had no effect on food choice. My results provide further insight into the foraging behavior of the invasive P. antipodarum and its potential impacts on a native grazer. While Fossaria is likely affected negatively by the high densities of P. antipodarum through decreased feeding, they may mitigate some of those effects by selecting higher quality food.
Download or read book Impacts of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail in Aquatic Food Webs written by Valance Elisabeth Furth Brenneis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological invasions have become increasingly common in our globalized society. An important goal of invasion research is to understand how the successful establishment of invasive species can both affect and be affected by the diversity of recipient communities. In chapter one, I introduce my study system and several important concepts in invasion ecology that are addressed by this dissertation. In chapter two, I use the framework of the "invasion paradox" to examine the relationship between the establishment of high densities of the introduced New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) and native community diversity and structure across a range of aquatic systems. Within a highly invaded estuarine system, I examine interactions between this snail and native consumers to better understand the competitive impacts of this species (chapter three). Finally in chapter four, I address the direct and indirect interactions between this snail, predators, and their native prey. Across multiple regions, the highest densities of P. antipodarum were found in systems with lower diversity and density of native invertebrates, however within river systems, there was no correlation between the density of mud snails and native diversity or density. There was no evidence for a negative impact of P. antipodarum on a native estuarine species that overlaps with mud snails in resource use. However, there was evidence for both direct trophic interactions between P. antipodarum and native predators, and indirect effects, in the form of asymmetrical apparent competition with native prey. Indirect effects such as these are less frequently studied but can be important in structuring communities, and demonstrate the complexity of determining the impact of a given invader. Like many successful invasive species, Potamopyrgus antipodarum are tolerant of a wide-range of environmental conditions, allowing them to invade many different habitat types. It is likely that the factors influencing both the success and impact of P. antipodarum differ between these types of communities and further research into the long-term, multi-trophic effects of this introduced species is important.
Download or read book Interactions Between the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Baetid Mayflies and Fish Predators written by Chelsea Ann Cada and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum; NZMS) is among the most globally widespread aquatic invaders, colonizing at least 40 countries across 6 continents. NZMS have recently colonized rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes region, where little is known about their impacts on the native communities of the ecosystems they invade. In chapter one, I present the results of a systematic review of 245 articles, and outline NZMS impacts, distribution, population dynamics, vectors of spread, and management. The invasion success of NZMS stems from their opportunistic traits allowing them to tolerate broad ranges of environmental conditions. However, optimal conditions for successful establishment are evident. NZMS can become exceptionally abundant and impact multiple facets of aquatic ecosystems, though populations can fluctuate seasonally and over longer time scales, likely due to environmental constraints. In chapter two, I tested the efficacy of three different chemical reagents for NZMS decontamination on recreational fishing gear and combined these results with results of a self-administered public survey gauging the level of willingness of individuals have to participate in a given NZMS decontamination technique. The greatest mortality of NZMS was caused by Formula 409, and participants of the survey revealed Formula 409 to be the chemical they'd be most willing to use. Chapter three outlines an investigation of the effects of NZMS on the diets and conditions of fish in a recently invaded stream, the Au Sable River (Michigan, USA). Trout consumed NZMS throughout the duration of the study, while sculpin minimally consumed NZMS. Of the 83 trout collected, 60% contained NZMS in their stomachs, Age 2 trout that consumed NZMS exhibited reduced condition relative to those that contained fewer NZMS. Lastly, chapter four consists of a study to characterize NZMS population dynamics and their effects on native benthic invertebrates in the Au Sable River. NZMS populations exhibited pronounced seasonality with peak densities typically occurring during the summer and autumn of each year. NZMS numerically dominated the benthic community and were associated with differences in the overall benthic community composition. The results of these studies highlight how NZMS can affect native communities and higher consumers in rivers of the Great Lakes region and contribute to a more robust understanding of the global NZMS invasion, such that undesired impacts can be minimized or averted.
Download or read book Investigations of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in Idaho written by Christopher A. James and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competition Between the Threatened Bliss Rapids Snail Taylorconcha Serpenticola Hershler Et Al and the Invasive Aquatic Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Gray written by David C. Richards and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due primarily to habitat loss and invasive species, extinction rates for North American mollusk taxa are among the highest for any taxonomic group in the world. Competition between invasive and native species often leads to decreases in native populations. For example, a primary reason for listing the Bliss Rapids snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola as threatened in the Snake River drainage was the perceived impacts of the highly invasive New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Despite federal protection of T. serpenticola and the known presence of P. antipodarum in the Snake River drainage for almost 20 years, almost nothing is known about their ecology and competitive interactions. For this dissertation I conducted both field and laboratory studies to determine niche overlaps, spatial patterns, and some life history characteristics of both species. I compared optimal growth temperatures and estimated temperature tolerances for each species, under laboratory conditions; 2) examined stage (size) class fecundity rates and growth rates; and 3) examined photophobic tendencies of both species. I then explored environmental conditions and spatial patterns of both species in Banbury Springs, a tributary of the Snake River, near Hagerman, Idaho, that may have affected their distribution and abundance using regression tree analysis and geostatistical methods. I then conducted several competition experiments between both species under controlled conditions at Banbury Springs, developed competition coefficients, and related their growth rates and competitive outcomes to periphyton abundance and diversity. Finally, I monitored and then modeled seasonal and yearly population density trends of both species in a section of Banbury Springs, where both coexist, using time series analysis. Results of this study show that that both species have niche overlaps (i.e. temperature overlaps, photophobic tendencies, and somewhat similar habitat requirements) and can compete for limited food resources, but may have just enough niche separation or their occupied habitat is heterogeneous enough for them to coexist, at present. It is possible however that not enough time has elapsed for the effects of competition with P. antipodarum to push T. serpenticola to extinction.
Download or read book Impacts of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum as Leaf Litter Decomposers written by Mara Alicia Evans and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction and establishment of non-indigenous invasive species (NIS) is a persistent global phenomenon that jeopardizes biodiversity and ecosystem processes in a large number of ecosystems. Ecologists and ecosystem managers continue to assess invasion strategies and the effect of NIS on ecosystem processes. This dissertation examines the state of knowledge of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) invasions in lotic habitats. I begin with a review of the known and expected impacts of the mudsnail invasion, and use a food web framework to examine review how mudsnails affect trophic interactions within and across ecosystems. In the subsequent chapter I tested if New Zealand mudsnails accelerate the rate of leaf litter decomposition, and examined how mudsnail density affects leaf litter decomposition. Bags containing air-dried White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) leaves were submerged in an invaded creek, and leaf mass loss and invertebrate recruitment were measured over 28 days. Leaf litter that was exposed to adult mudsnails lost 30% of its mass over 28 days, but treatments where adult mudsnails were excluded lost only 15% of leaf litter mass. In a second experiment we manipulated mudsnail densities within leaf litter bags. Increasing mudsnail densities also resulted in faster rates of litter decomposition. In the last chapter I assess how mudsnails affect leaf litter decomposition with increasing resource diversity. Bags containing air-dried A. rhombifolia, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and valley oak (Quercus lobata), in one, two and three species combinations were deployed in an invaded and an uninvaded stream. I found that regardless of leaf litter diversity cottonwood decays at a faster rate than alder and valley oak, respectively and mudsnails do not accelerate leaf litter decomposition. I also found that in streams invaded with mudsnails, macroinvertebrate diversity is highest in high diversity (three species) leaf litter packs. This research I present here illustrates the complex role that an invasive generalist consumer can play in aquatic habitats.
Download or read book Effects of Varying Environments on the Ecology and Evolution of the New Zealand Mud Snail and Its Interactors written by Sarah M. Redd and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determining the Optimal Substrate for the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by Sally Ghannam and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is an aquatic invasive species that has been found in many countries and six continents. P. antipodarum can reproduce at a high rate, which leads to a high population growth rate and successful spread of the snail. This could negatively impact ecosystems. The purpose of this work was to determine if certain habitats in streams are better for the snails than others. In this experiment, snails were taken from a population in Spring Creek in Centre County, PA. The snails were grown for eight weeks on four different diets, including leaf litter, woody debris, rocks, and a Spirulina algae powder, which was the control. The size of each snail was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment to determine the mean growth rate. There was a significant difference in growth rates between the different treatments. Snails that grew on leaf litter and woody debris showed higher snail growth rates in comparison to the control and rock treatments. This suggests that some diets are better than others for the mud snail, and that the energy input from outside the aquatic system may be very important in the success of this invader.
Download or read book Effects of Leaf Litter Species on Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Growth Rates and Detection Using Edna written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (NZMS) is an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes region where populations have existed in the Great Lakes since at least 1991, with recent secondary invasions into Michigan rivers. Factors that influence growth rates of populations and individuals have yet to be determined. As herbivore-detritivores, the species of leaves NZMS consume could affect growth rates and, ultimately, their success as invaders. I conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of different litter species on NZMS individual and population growth rates. We found significantly different individual growth rates among litter species, but found no differences in population growth among species. Additionally, I aimed to develop an environmental DNA sampling method, that could easily be followed by citizen scientists, to track invasive populations of NZMS in Michigan. The results of this research can help provide powerful tools to aid in invasive species detection and management.
Download or read book Tolerance of the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail to Various Decontamination Procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to stop the spread of invasive species, state governments have established decontamination procedures for use on contaminated equipment. However, different species can tolerate various procedures depending on their morphology and physiology. The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is invasive to the United States and may alter the food web of streams due to the snail's high reproductive ability, causing potential problems for native trout populations and local economies. We collected mud snails from the recently invaded Black Earth Creek, WI and tested their tolerance to decontamination protocols being considered by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Treatments included immersion in bleach (200 & 400 ppm), salt (35 ppt), full strength Formula 409, and the standard disinfectant Virkon (2.0%). We also tested effectiveness of spraying vs. immersion of Formula 409 and interference of mud with the cleaning procedure. Snails remained viable after immersion for up to 30 minutes in bleach and salt baths but exposure in Formula 409 baths killed all snails after 10 minutes. The effectiveness of spraying was more variable than immersion. However the percentage mortality in both techniques was significantly decreased by the presence of mud. These results provide a scientific basis for future invasive species management decisions.
Download or read book A Precipitous Decline in an Invasive Snail Population Cannot be Explained by a Native Predator written by Daniel J. Greenwood and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population dynamics of invasive species can exhibit rapid population growth followed by rapid decline. Populations of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive gastropod native to New Zealand, can follow this pattern, but potential mechanisms are unclear. We assessed the biomass of P. antipodarum and native macroinvertebrates over 16 years in Polecat Creek Wyoming (USA), a spring-fed tributary of the Snake River. We documented a 15-fold drop in the biomass of P. antipodarum. Biomass of collector? filterers fluctuated in the opposite direction to that of P. antipodarum biomass, suggesting the invasive snails may suppress taxa in this functional feeding group. Because the biomass of planarians (turbellarian flatworms) fell sharply with the biomass of P. antipodarum, and because planarians (Dugesia spp.) prey on P. antipodarum, we also evaluated the functional response of Dugesia to the invasive snails and estimated predation rate. To assess whether predation by Dugesia could have caused the large drop in biomass of P. antipodarum, we used monthly matrix projection models and their periodic matrix products to estimate the annual population growth rate (k) of P. antipodarum with and without predation. When we added predation by planarians to the matrix population models, we observed that the proportion of models with k\1 increased by 8% at most. Thus, Dugesia may shift the population from growing to declining, but predation alone probably did not explain the large decline of P. antipodarum in Polecat Creek.
Download or read book Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Distribution Density and Effects on Native Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem written by Billie L. Kerans and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive species can have large effects on freshwater communities and ecosystems. Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a snail indigenous to New Zealand, has recently colonized North America. We documented the distribution and density of P. antipodarum in the major tributaries of the Madison River in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, examined associations between P. antipodarum and native macroinvertebrates, and experimentally examined how P. antipodarum affected colonization of substrates by other macroinvertebrates. In 1997 and 1998, we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers and Nez Perce Creek in 3 seasons. In 1999, we examined colonization of P. antipodarum and other macroinvertebrates in a field experiment using slate tiles in the Madison River. In September 1997, we found P. antipodarum at 23 of 32 locations. Where they were present, P. antipodarum densities ranged from 22 to 299,000 ind./m2. Densities of P. antipodarum declined between September 1997 and March 1998 and increased between March and July 1998. The composition and structure of native macroinvertebrate assemblages covaried with P. antipodarum densities. Whether the differences in macroinvertebrate communities among sites were related to differences in physical characteristics of streams or to interactions with P. antipodarum was unclear. However, in the field experiment, high densities of P. antipodarum were associated with low colonization of other macroinvertebrates; thus, negative interactions between native macroinvertebrates and P. antipodarum may have the potential to influence the large-scale distribution of other macroinvertebrates.
Download or read book Stop the Invasion written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
