Download or read book Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals written by Boris A. Strukov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expansion of the application of ferroelectric crystals in engineering as well as of a number of fundamental problems of solid-state physics, which have not yet been solved and which bear a direct relation to ferro electricity, has lately stimulated much interest in the problem of ferroelectricity. In courses of solid-state physics ferroelectricity is studied today along with traditional disciplines, such as magnetism, superconductivity, and 'semiconducting phe nomena. Moreover, new specialities have been born concerned directly with the development and utilization of ferroelectric material~ in optics, acous tics, computer technology, and capacitor engineering. Special courses in the physics of ferroelectrics are read in a number of colleges and universities. The study of the nature of ferro electricity has currently reached such a level of development that we may speak of having gained a rather deep insight into the physical essence of a number of phenomena, which contribute to the generation of a spontaneous electric polarization in crystals. It is exactly at this level that it has become possible to single out that part of the problem, the physical picture of which can be depicted in a rather unsophisticated manner and which is the foundation for the construction of a building of "complete understanding".
Download or read book Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films written by Alexander Tagantsev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, the marketplace for professionals, researchers, and graduate students in solid-state physics and materials science lacks a book that presents a comprehensive discussion of ferroelectrics and related materials in a form that is suitable for experimentalists and engineers. This book proposes to present a wide coverage of domain-related issues concerning these materials. This coverage includes selected theoretical topics (which are covered in the existing literature) in addition to a plethora of experimental data which occupies over half of the book. The book presents experimental findings and theoretical understanding of ferroic (non-magnetic) domains developed during the past 60 years. It addresses the situation by looking specifically at bulk crystals and thin films, with a particular focus on recently-developed microelectronic applications and methods for observations of domains with techniques such as scanning force microscopy, polarized light microscopy, scanning optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and surface decorating techniques. "Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films" covers a large area of material properties and effects connected with static and dynamic properties of domains, which are extremely relevant to materials referred to as ferroics. In other textbooks on solid state physics, one large group of ferroics is customarily covered: those in which magnetic properties play a dominant role. Numerous books are specifically devoted to magnetic ferroics and cover a wide spectrum of magnetic domain phenomena. In contrast, "Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films" concentrates on domain-related phenomena in nonmagnetic ferroics. These materials are still inadequately represented in solid state physics textbooks and monographs.
Download or read book Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals written by J. W. G. Goodby and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to the Physics of Ferroelectrics written by Toshio Mitsui and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1976 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Advanced Dielectric Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials written by Z-G Ye and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book covers recent developments in advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. Dielectric materials such as ceramics are used to manufacture microelectronic devices. Piezoelectric components have been used for many years in radioelectrics, time-keeping and, more recently, in microprocessor-based devices. Ferroelectric materials are widely used in various devices such as piezoelectric/electrostrictive transducers and actuators, pyroelectric infrared detectors, optical integrated circuits, optical data storage and display devices.The book is divided into eight parts under the general headings: High strain high performance piezo- and ferroelectric single crystals; Electric field-induced effects and domain engineering; Morphotropic phase boundary related phenomena; High power piezoelectric and microwave dielectric materials; Nanoscale piezo- and ferroelectrics; Piezo- and ferroelectric films; Novel processing and new materials; Novel properties of ferroelectrics and related materials. Each chapter looks at key recent research on these materials, their properties and potential applications.Advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials is an important reference tool for all those working in the area of electrical and electronic materials in general and dielectrics, piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics in particular. Covers the latest developments in advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials Includes topics such as high strain high performance piezo and ferroelectric single crystals Discusses novel processing and new materials, and novel properties of ferroelectrics and related materials
Download or read book Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals written by J. W. Goodby and published by New York : Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A textbook and reference for chemists, physicists, and electronic engineers, synthesizing the current knowledge on ferroelectric liquid crystals, which were discovered about 15 years ago, and are now finding their first practical applications. The comprehensive treatment covers an introduction to the family of crystals, their general properties and structures, the theory of ferroelectricity in liquid crystals, chemical and electrical properties, their behavior in electric and magnetic fields, and applications. Includes eight pages of well reproduced color plates. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Ferroelectrics written by Mickaël Lallart and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the application of ferroelectric devices to innovative systems. In particular, the use of these materials as varying capacitors, gyroscope, acoustics sensors and actuators, microgenerators and memory devices will be exposed, providing an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric devices.
Download or read book Magnetoelectric Interaction Phenomena in Crystals written by Manfred Fiebig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the quest for higher data density in information technology manipulation of magnetization by other means than magnetic fields has become an important challenge. This lead to a startling revival of the magnetoelectric effect, which characterizes induction of a polarization by a magnetic field or of a magnetization by an electric field. The magnetoelectric crosslink of material properties opens just those degrees of freedom which are needed for the mutual control of magnetic and electric states. The book gives a state-of-the-art review on magnetoelectrics research, classifies current research tendencies, and points out possible future trends. Novel compounds and growth techniques and new theoretical concepts for the understanding of magnetoelectric coupling phenomena are introduced. Highlights are the discovery of "gigantic" magnetoelectric effects which are strong enough to trigger electric or magnetic phase transitions; the concept of magnetochirality; and development "structural" magnetoelectric effects in artificial multiphase compounds. The book is addressed to condensed-matter physicists with a particular focus on experts in highly correlated systems.
Download or read book Ferroelectrics and Their Applications written by Husein Irzaman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferroelectricity is a symptom of inevitable electrical polarization changes in materials without external electric field interference. Ferroelectricity is a phenomenon exhibited by crystals with a spontaneous polarization and hysteresis effects associated with dielectric changes when an electric field is given. Our fascination with ferroelectricity is in recognition of a beautiful article by Itskovsky, in which he explains the kinetics of a ferroelectric phase transition in a thin ferroelectric layer (film). We have been researching ferroelectric materials since 2001. There are several materials known for their ferroelectric properties. Barium titanate and barium strontium titanate are the most well known. Several others include tantalum oxide, lead zirconium titanate, gallium nitride, lithium tantalate, aluminium, copper oxide, and lithium niobate. There is still a blue ocean of ferroelectric applications yet to be expounded. It is and hopefully always will be a bright future.
Download or read book Phase field Study on Electromechanical Phenomena in Ferroelectric Single Crystals and Thin Films written by Bo Wang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferroelectric materials are characterized by the presence of spontaneous polarization that can be reoriented under a sufficiently high electrical field. The couplings between ferroelectric polarization with external fields, such as temperature, mechanical stress, electrical fields, and magnetic fields, enable a multitude of applications, including pyroelectric detectors, ultrasonic transducers, energy storage capacitors, and nonvolatile random-access memories. The electromechanical coupling is particularly strong in ferroelectric materials and can manifest itself in two aspects. The primary electromechanical effect is the piezoelectricity, which describes the coupling between stress/strain and polarization/electric fields. A less well-examined electromechanical interaction is the flexoelectric effect, which associates polarization with strain gradients and mechanical stress with electric field gradients. This dissertation is about these two electromechanical coupling effects in ferroelectric materials. The dissertation is motivated by two electromechanical phenomena that have been revealed recently in ferroelectric materials at distinct length scales, namely, the AC poling effect and the mechanical switching. The first phenomenon refers to the considerable enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient of a bulk relaxor-ferroelectric crystal by poling the crystal with alternative current (AC) electric fields compared to that poled with commonly used direct current (DC) electric fields. The second phenomenon describes the mechanically induced 180-degree polarization switching at the nanoscale by pressing an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip onto a ferroelectric epitaxial thin film. The goal of the dissertation is to reveal and understand the primary mechanisms that govern these electromechanical phenomena by phase-field modeling and simulations and utilize the gained knowledge to guide the design of advanced materials for high-performance transduction applications and novel nonvolatile memories. The main content of the dissertation consists of two parts. In the first part, the AC poling effect on the piezoelectricity of bulk single crystals is investigated. First, the general domain size effect on the piezoelectricity of a bulk ferroelectric crystal is examined by evaluating the effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of a polydomain twin structure with a varied domain size using the phase-field method and thermodynamic calculations. In contrast to the common belief that a smaller domain size always favors higher piezoelectricity, we show that the domain size effect is by no means universal; it depends on the symmetry of ferroelectric phases, types of domain walls, temperatures, external electric fields, mechanical stress, and probing directions. Moreover, the domain size effect becomes more significant in the proximity of a phase transition, regardless of the nature of the phase transition. Essentially, the domain size effect is attributed to the polarization rotation in the domain interior due to the presence of domain walls, which can give rise to either the positive domain size effect (smaller domain, higher piezoelectricity) when the polarization rotation is associated with a phase instability or the negative effect (larger domain, higher piezoelectricity) when such an instability is absent. These understandings offer new insights for the processing-microstructure-property relationship and the concept of domain engineering in piezoelectric single crystals. Next, the evolution of domain structures in relaxor-PT single crystals under AC- and DC-electric field poling is investigated by phase-field simulations in order to reveal the mechanism of AC-poling effect on the domain structure and piezoelectricity. Taking (001)-oriented rhombohedral Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-28PbTiO3 as a model system, we find that both DC- and AC-poling can increase the domain size of the unpoled crystal and form the engineered domain structure with a lamellar configuration. However, the AC poling allows for further domain growth via the elimination of tilted 71° domain walls during the cycling of the electric field, which finally leads to a layered structure with a set of single domains separated by horizontal 109° domain walls. In contrast, the DC-poled crystal is abundant with both types of domain walls. It is also predicted that the decrease of 71° domain wall density is responsible for the enhanced longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient in AC-poled crystals. Both aspects of our theoretical findings have been corroborated by experiments. Moreover, the AC-poled crystal with the unique layered domain structure simultaneously exhibits nearly perfect optical transparency and significantly improved light transmittance, birefringence, and electro-optical coefficient aside from ultrahigh piezoelectricity. This transparent crystal with ultrahigh piezoelectricity by design will benefit hybrid opto-electromechanical applications such as photoacoustic imaging and haptic devices. The second part of the dissertation focuses on discussing the role of flexoelectricity in the mechanical switching of local polarization in ferroelectric thin films by AFM tip pressing. The mechanical switching phenomenon is investigated in (001)-oriented uniaxial tetragonal BaTiO3 thin films and multiaxial rhombohedral BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films. In BaTiO3 thin films, we systematically evaluate the critical force F_c required for the polarization reversal as functions of the AFM tip radius, misfit strain, and film thickness by performing phase-field simulations and compare our results with experiments where available. The deviations between simulation and experimental results on the film thickness dependence of F_c is elucidated by examining the misfit strain relaxation and the surface polarization relaxation. In particular, we reveal an interplay between the flexoelectric and piezoelectric effects during a loading-unloading cycle of mechanical switching. This work provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism and control of mechanically induced ferroelectric switching and thus guidance for exploring potential ferroelectric-based nanodevices utilizing mechanical switching. The mechanical switching mediated by the flexoelectric effect is limited by its unidirectional nature of the tip-induced flexoelectric field. As a result, local polarization can only be switched from upward to downward but not the opposite. A strategy is proposed to circumvent this limitation based on phase-field simulations of the mechanical switching in multiaxial BiFeO3 thin films where both out-of-plane and in-plane polarization can be reversed. Specifically, it is found that the in-plane flexoelectric field can be asymmetrically enhanced by the motion of a scanning AFM tip. By controlling the tip scan direction, one can deterministically select either stable 71° ferroelastic switching or 180° ferroelectric switching. Further examinations reveal an interplay between piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects in enabling such a selective polarization switching. This work opens a new avenue for the deterministic selection of nanoscale ferroelectric domains in low-symmetry materials for nonvolatile magnetoelectric devices and multilevel data storage.
Download or read book Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications written by Pietro Ferraro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the latest achievements in the field of ferroelectric domain engineering and characterization at micro- and nano-scale dimensions and periods. The book collects the results obtained in the last years by world scientific leaders in the field, thus providing a valid and unique overview of the state-of-the-art and also a view to future applications of those engineered and used materials in the field of photonics. The second edition covers the major aspects of ferroelectric domain engineering and combines basic research and latest updated applications such as challenging results by introducing either new as well as extended chapters on Photonics Crystals based on Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate crystals; generation, visualization and controlling of THz radiation; latest achievements on Optical Parametric Oscillators for application in precise spectroscopy. Further more recent advancements in characterization by probe scanning microscopy and optical methods with device and technological orientation. A state-of-the-art report on periodically poled processes and their characterization methods are provided on different materials (LiNbO3, KTP) furnishing update research on ferroelectric crystal by extending materials research and applications.
Download or read book Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals written by R. Blinc and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ferroelectric Crystals written by Franco Jona and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1962 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Crystalline Dielectrics written by I.S. Zheludev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in solid-state physics in general and in the physics of dielectrics in particular has grown rapidly in scope and quan tity in the last twenty-five years. In the fifties and early sixties, there was an upsurge of interest in ferroelectricity, piezoelectrici ty' and pyroelectricity. The classical physics of dielectrics, rep resented by books of H. Frohlich, C.P. Smyth, G.I. Skanavi, and A. von Hippel, is now unthinkable without ferroelectricity. The structure and properties of ferroelectrics have been described in a number of books and reviews, including those of W. Kanzig, H.D. Megaw, F. Jona and G. Shirane, W.J. Merz and E. Fatuzzo. The present work deals with the physics of crystalline di electrics and is based on the investigations carried out by scien tists throughout the world. But, understandably, the emphasis is on the research done in the USSR, particularly in the author's labo ratory. A special feature of this two-volume treatise is the pro minent place given to the symmetry and structure of dielectrics and to the importance of spontaneous electric polarization in many properties of crystals. In fact, these aspects take up the whole of the first volume. The second volume is concerned mainly with various properties and phenomena whose nature is illustrated by considering specific crystals. Thus, for example, the phenomena of polarization, piezoelectricity, electrostriction, etc., are first discussed in detail. Then follow descriptions of these phenomena in specific compounds.
Download or read book Piezoelectricity Volume Two written by Walter Guyton Cady and published by Courier Dover Publications. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and systematic treatise on the physical properties and the practical applications of piezoelectrical crystals, this two-volume survey was prepared by an expert in the field for researchers and students of physics. Volume One examines the fundamental properties of crystals and various formulations of piezoelectric theory, including production and measurement. Volume Two begins with discussions of the properties and techniques of quartz, the quartz resonator, and the piezo oscillator. A seven-chapter section on ferroelectric crystals follows, offering comprehensive descriptions of the properties of Rochelle salt. The final four chapters address various applications of piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, optical properties of crystals, and the atomic theory of piezoelectricicty. Two Appendixes supplement the text, along with an extensive selection of problems.
Download or read book Millimeter Wave Studies of Analogs to Optical Phenomena in Ferroelectric Crystals and Artificial Kerr Media written by Bradley Lance Bobbs and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effective Field Approach to Phase Transitions and Some Applications to Ferroelectrics written by Julio Antonio Gonzalo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins by introducing the effective field approach, the simplest approach to phase transitions. It provides an intuitive approximation to the physics of such diverse phenomena as liquid-vapor transitions, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, order-disorder in alloys, ferroelectricity, superfluidity and ferroelasticity. The connection between the effective field approach and Landau's theory is stressed. The main coverage is devoted to specific applications of the effective field concept to ferroelectric systems, both hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics, like those in the TGS family, and oxide ferroelectrics, like pure and mixed perovskites. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: An Overview (310 KB). Contents: Mean Field Approach to Cooperative Phenomena; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1970OCo1991; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1991OCo1997; Some Applications to Ferroelectrics: 1998OCo2005. Readership: Materials scientists, physicists and chemists in academy and industry; final year undergraduates and graduates in materials science."
