Download or read book Ferroalloys written by Mikhail Gasik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the physical and chemical foundations of high-temperature processes for producing silicon, manganese and chromium ferroalloys, alloys of molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, alkaline earth and rare earth metals, niobium, zirconium, aluminum, boron, nickel, cobalt, phosphorus, selenium and tellurium, iron-carbon alloys by carbon, silicone and aluminothermic methods. The chapters introduce the industrial production technologies of these groups of ferroalloys, the characteristics of charge materials, and the technological parameters of the melting processes. A description of ferroalloy furnaces is given in detail. Topics such as waste recycling, fines agglomeration technologies, and environmental issues are considered.
Download or read book Ferroalloys and Other Additives to Liquid Iron and Steel written by A. T. Peters and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1981 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Michael Gasik and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainability issues. The work includes detailed coverage of the major technologies of ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese and lesser known minor ferroalloys. Distilling the results of many years' experience in ferroalloys, Michael Gasik has assembled contributions from the worlds' foremost experts. The work is therefore a unique source for scientists, engineers and university students, exploring in depth an area which is one of the most versatile and increasingly used fields within modern metallurgy. - All-in-one source for the major ferroalloys and their metallurgical processing technologies, cutting research time otherwise spent digging through old handbooks or review articles. - In-depth discussion of the C, Si, Al-reduction, groups II-VIII of the periodic table, supporting analysis of metallurgical processing. - Contemporary coverage includes environment and energy saving issues.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Lauri Holappa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word ferroalloy refers to an alloy of iron containing a significant proportion of one or more other elements like silicon, manganese, chromium, aluminum, or titanium. The main applications of ferroalloys occur in the steelmaking process. They are added to steel to improve properties like strength, ductility, and fatigue or corrosion resistance. Additionally, ferroalloys can have several other tasks, such as in refining, deoxidation, modification, and control of nonmetallic inclusions and precipitates. The production and role of ferroalloys are briefly introduced, both from a historical perspective and in light of current and future prospects. Examples of production figures, producers, and markets are presented. Recent developments and main drivers in ferroalloys processing, including energy saving, environmental issues, primary and secondary raw materials resources, and development trends in technology, are briefly discussed.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Michael M. Gasik and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory chapter describes the importance of ferroalloys in modern steelmaking and the benefits of applying ferroalloys instead of pure alloying elements. The idea, scope, and structure of the book are outlined.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Heikki Jalkanen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The metallurgical processing of ferroalloys is based on a coherent combination of many scientific fields, which are briefly outlined in this chapter. The metal’s recovery process is based on reduction reactions, where metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics are of a paramount importance. This includes the knowledge and ability to calculate, monitor, and change the formation of solutions and phases, rate of the reactions, and handling of reaction products in the most efficient way. In parallel, theoretical and engineering data on heat, mass, momentum, and charge transfer are critical for the development and design of ferroalloy production processes and furnaces. The chapter also discusses the basics of the structure and properties of metal and oxide (slag) when melted together with carbon reductants.
Download or read book Production of Manganese Ferroalloys written by Sverre E. Olsen and published by Tapir Academic Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in our knowledge of thermodynamics and physico-chemical factors in manganese ferroalloy production has developed rapidly during the past twenty-five years or so. The authors' intention has been to use this basic knowledge in discussions of industrial manganese ferroalloy production. The book presents the principles and current knowledge of processes in the production of high carbon ferromanganese, silicomanganese and low carbon manganese alloys. The book is intended for professionals working in production, plant design or development. It will also be useful for researchers in industry, universities and research institutes. The book can be used as a textbook for courses in extractive and process metallurgy, and for company in-house courses. Thermodynamics of the slag and metal systems are extensively covered. Computational modelling based on assessed thermochemical databases has made it possible to calculate and present a large number of phase and equilibrium diagrams. These diagrams are useful for easy understanding and analysis of the complex heterogeneous equilibria in the manganese ferroalloy metallurgy. The manganese ferroalloys are mainly produced in electric submerged arc furnaces. Electrical relations are briefly discussed. Supply of raw materials, especially manganese ores and coke, is extremely important for the manganese industry. The book gives the reader appropriate knowledge regarding the selection the best of available raw materials. Environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate changes, are of growing concern to ferroalloy producers. Carbon will always be needed as a reducing agent, and consequently emission of CO2 gas is inevitable. The book describes solutions to dealing with pollution problems and gives the latest guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Oleg Polyakov and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter deals with ferroalloys containing rare-earth metals (REM). Among known REM, only three have significant metallurgical relevance (lanthanum, yttrium, and cerium), and they are considered in more detail. This chapter presents an overview of these REM, their properties, and their reactions with other elements and explores major relevant phase equilibria diagrams. REM sources (raw materials) and methods for their reduction are also presented. Technology for smelting of FeSiREM alloys by carbon and aluminum reduction methods is described.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Gudrun Saevarsdottir and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all ferroalloys are produced by smelting in submerged arc furnaces, powered by either AC or DC sources. To understand the smelting process and furnace operations, it is important to manage the theory of electrical circuits, efficiently apply and control active and reactive parts of the system, optimize the power factor and the operation of the electric arc, and so on. These issues are outlined and discussed in this chapter, which provides necessary theoretical and practical knowledge for those who do not have a background in electrical engineering. They are complemented with discussions of heat balance and electrical control of the smelting furnaces and different emissions associated with the ferroalloys production processes.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Isobel Mc Dougall and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process by which ore is converted to a ferroalloy contains a number of steps. These include mining of the ore; preparing the ore by processes such as crushing, screening, washing, grinding, or milling; and sometimes applying beneficiation processes such as flotation, followed by smelting and refining. This chapter describes the equipment used for the smelting of ferroalloys. The first section covers furnace technology and operation by discussing AC and DC furnaces, their electrical operation, electrodes, and related plant such as raw material handling systems, exhaust gas handling, and furnace crucibles, which includes the linings, and cooling of the furnace and the roof. The second section discusses the more important processing steps, which may be applied to the raw materials at the smelter prior to their smelting in the furnace. These include agglomeration by briquetting or the production of sintered pellets, sintering of ore, prereduction, and preheating. The third section describes the treatment of the product and slag after it leaves the furnace, whereas the final section provides a short description of other furnaces for ferroalloys production.
Download or read book Ferroalloys Alloying Additives Handbook written by Paul D. Deeley and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Johan Basson and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High carbon ferrochrome is one of the most common ferroalloys produced and is almost exclusively used in the production of stainless steel and high chromium steels. Production takes place primarily in countries with substantial chromite ore supply. Relatively cheap electricity and reductants also contribute to the viability of high carbon ferrochrome. The most common production technology utilized is submerged arc smelting in AC furnaces, although open arc smelting in DC furnaces is becoming increasingly common. A more advanced technology route that includes a prereduction step is only utilized at significant scale by one producer. Production processes have become more energy and metallurgically efficient by utilizing advanced processes such as prereduction, preheating, agglomeration of ore, and CO gas utilization. Recently installed plants display manageable risks in terms of environmental pollution and occupational health.
Download or read book Iron Age and Hardware Iron and Industrial Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 1022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Year 1982 Department of Energy Authorization for National Security Programs written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iron Trade Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 1790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metallurgical Slags written by Nadine M. Piatak and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-08-13 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a definitive reference on the environmental geochemistry and resource potential of metallurgical slags
