Download or read book Fermilab Booster Modeling and Space Charge Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a bottleneck limiting the proton beam intensity in the accelerator complex. A study group has been formed in order to have a better understanding of this old machine and seek possible improvements. The work includes lattice modeling, numerical simulations, bench measurements and beam studies. Based on newly obtained information, it has been found that the machine acceptance is severely compromised by the orbit bump and dogleg magnets. This, accompanied by emittance dilution from space charge at injection, is a major cause of the large beam loss at the early stage of the cycle. Measures to tackle this problem are being pursued.

Download or read book Space Charge Experiments and Simulation in the Fermilab Booster written by P. Spentzouris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have studied space charge effects in the Fermilab Booster. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation. We compare experimental results with simulations using the 3-D space charge package Synergia.

Download or read book Simulation of Space Charge Effects and Transition Crossing in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The longitudinal phase space program ESME, modified for space charge and wall impedance effects, has been used to simulate transition crossing in the Fermilab Booster. The simulations yield results in reasonable quantitative agreement with measured parameters. They further indicate that a transition jump scheme currently under construction will significantly reduce emittance growth, while attempts to alter machine impedance are less obviously beneficial. In addition to presenting results, this paper points out a serious difficulty, related to statistical fluctuations, in the space charge calculation. False indications of emittance growth can appear if care is not taken to minimize this problem.

Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 1012 particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/1012 in the vertical plane and +0.001/1012 in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/1012. The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/1012, similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.

Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by Daniel McCarron and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 10¹² particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/10¹² in the vertical plane and +0.001/10¹² in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/10¹². The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/10¹², similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.

Download or read book Intrinsic and Resonance Space Charge Limits written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The space charge limit in circular proton accelerators has been studied using a simulation program described below. Results from the simulation study indicate a different model for the space charge limit than the often presented models which emphasize resonances due to magnetic field errors. This simulation study suggests that the intrinsic space charge limit plays an important role. The intrinsic space charge limit is the space charge limit, in the absence of magnetic field errors, and is due to the forces generated by the beam itself. In studies of three operating accelerators, which include the AGS, the PS Booster and the Fermilab booster, it was found that the computed intrinsic space charge limit was fairly close to the experimentally observed space charge limit. This result plus studies of the effects of resonances due to magnetic field errors suggest that the intrinsic space charge limit provides an upper bound for the space charge limit which is not far from what is actually achieved by operating accelerators. The resonances present due to magnetic field errors, if strong enough, can prevent the accelerator from achieving the intrinsic space charge limit. However, the effects of these resonances were found to be appreciable only when the beam intensity gets close to the intrinsic space charge limit. Well below the intrinsic space charge limit, there is little beam growth due to magnetic field error driven resonances, and the space charge forces tend to stabilize these resonances. 4 refs., 5 figs.

Download or read book Simulation of the Fermilab Booster Using Synergia written by Panagiotis Spentzouris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High precision modeling of space-charge effects is essential for designing future accelerators as well as optimizing the performance of existing machines. Synergia is a high-fidelity parallel beam dynamics simulation package with fully three dimensional space-charge capabilities and a higher-order optics implementation. We describe the Synergia framework, developed under the auspices of the DOE SciDAC program, and present Synergia simulations of the Fermilab Booster accelerator and comparisons with experiment. Our studies include investigation of coherent and incoherent tune shifts and halo formation.

Download or read book Space charge Effects of the Proposed High intensity Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space-charge effects on beam stabilities are studied for the proposed two-ring high-intensity Fermilab booster destined for the muon collider. This includes microwave instabilities and rf potential-well distortions. For the first ring, ferrite insertion is suggested to cancel the space-charge distortion of the rf wave form. To control the inductance of the ferrite during ramping and to minimize resistive loss, perpendicular biasing to saturation is proposed.

Download or read book Electron Cloud and Space Charge Effects in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stable region of the Fermilab Booster beam in the complex coherent-tune-shift plane appears to have been shifted far away from the origin by its intense space charge making Landau damping appear impossible. Simulations reveal a substantial buildup of electron cloud in the whole Booster ramping cycle, both inside the unshielded combined-function magnets and the beam pipes joining the magnets, whenever the secondary-emission yield (SEY) is larger than (almost equal to)1.6. The implication of the electron-cloud effects on the space charge and collective instabilities of the beam is investigated.

Download or read book Beam dynamics in the Fermilab booster in the presence of space charge written by Steven M. Stahl and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider written by Valery Lebedev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam instrumentation. The topics discussed show the complexity and breadth of the issues associated with modern hadron accelerators, while providing a systematic approach needed in the design and construction of next generation colliders. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in high energy physics and can serve as an introduction for students studying the beam physics of colliders.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.

Download or read book Beam Diagnosis and Lattice Modeling of the Fermilab Booster written by Xiaobiao Huang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A realistic lattice model is a fundamental basis for the operation of a synchrotron. In this study various beam-based measurements, including orbit response matrix (ORM) and BPM turn-by-turn data are used to verify and calibrate the lattice model of the Fermilab Booster. In the ORM study, despite the strong correlation between the gradient parameters of adjacent magnets which prevents a full determination of the model parameters, an equivalent lattice model is obtained by imposing appropriate constraints. The fitted gradient errors of the focusing magnets are within the design tolerance and the results point to the orbit offsets in the sextupole field as the source of gradient errors. A new method, the independent component analysis (ICA) is introduced to analyze multiple BPM turn-by-turn data taken simultaneously around a synchrotron. This method makes use of the redundancy of the data and the time correlation of the source signals to isolate various components, such as betatron motion and synchrotron motion, from raw BPM data. By extracting clean coherent betatron motion from noisy data and separates out the betatron normal modes when there is linear coupling, the ICA method provides a convenient means to measure the beta functions and betatron phase advances. It also separates synchrotron motion from the BPM samples for dispersion function measurement. The ICA method has the capability to separate other perturbation signals and is robust over the contamination of bad BPMs. The application of the ICA method to the Booster has enabled the measurement of the linear lattice functions which are used to verify the existing lattice model. The transverse impedance and chromaticity are measured from turn-by-turn data using high precision tune measurements. Synchrotron motion is also observed in the BPM data. The emittance growth of the Booster is also studied by data taken with ion profile monitor (IPM). Sources of emittance growth are examined and an approach to cure the

Download or read book Simulations of Space Charge in the Fermilab Main Injector written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Project X plan for future high intensity operation relies on the Main Injector as the engine for delivering protons in the 60-120 GeV energy range. Project X plans call for increasing the number of protons per Main Injector bunch from the current value of 1.0 x 1011 to 3.0 x 1011. Space charge effects at the injection energy of 8 GeV have the potential to seriously disrupt operations. We report on ongoing simulation efforts with Synergia, MARYLIE/Impact, and IMPACT, which provide comprehensive capabilities for parallel, multi-physics modeling of beam dynamics in the Main Injector including 3D space-charge effects.

Download or read book Simulation of the Capture Process in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A progress report on efforts to understand and improve adiabatic capture in the Fermilab Booster by experiment and simulation is presented. In particular, a new RF voltage program for capture which ameliorates transverse space-charge effects is described and simulated. 7 refs., 4 figs.

Download or read book Theory and Design of Charged Particle Beams written by Martin Reiser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although particle accelerators are the book's main thrust, it offers a broad synoptic description of beams which applies to a wide range of other devices such as low-energy focusing and transport systems and high-power microwave sources. Develops material from first principles, basic equations and theorems in a systematic way. Assumptions and approximations are clearly indicated. Discusses underlying physics and validity of theoretical relationships, design formulas and scaling laws. Features a significant amount of recent work including image effects and the Boltzmann line charge density profiles in bunched beams.

Download or read book The Effect of Space charge and Wake Fields in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We calculate the impedance and the wake functions for laminated structures with parallel-planes and circular geometries. We critically examine the approximations used in the literature for the coupling impedance in laminated chambers and find that most of them are not justified because the wall surface impedance is large. A comparison between the flat and the circular geometry impedance is presented. We use the wake fields calculated for the Fermilab Booster laminated magnets in realistic beam simulations using the Synergia code. We find good agreement between our calculation of the coherent tune shift at injection energy and the experimental measurements. In this paper we calculate the impedance and the wake functions for laminated structures with parallel-planes and circular geometries. First the coupling impedance is derived as a function of the wall surface impedance. Then the surface impedance is calculated by solving Maxwell's equations inside the lamination and the crack regions. We find that the commonly used resistive-wall approximations, good for metallic pipes with small surface impedance, are not valid in the laminated structures where the surface impedance is large. Realistic Synergia simulations of the Booster machine with wake fields predict transverse coherent tune shifts in good agreement with the experiment.