Download or read book Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Complex Soil and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities written by Diane Denise Jurkonie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Microbial Communities in Biofilters Inoculated with Different Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Microbial Communities in Biofilters Inoculated with Different Sources written by Ana Maria De Castro and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofiltration is an air pollution control technology which relies on the activity of a microbial community attached to the biofilter media for contaminant mineralization. The effect of the microbial inoculum source on the biofilter performance and the characterization of the microbial community using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis was experimentally studied. The experimental design included three parallel biofilters, each inoculated with a different source of microorganisms and run under equivalent conditions with air contaminated with $\alpha$-pinene, a hydrophobic volatile organic compound, (loading rates of 5 to 30 g $\alpha$-pinene/m$\sp3$ bed medium/h). Two experimental runs were performed and each run led to the same conclusions. Although the inocula had a significant effect on the acclimation time of the biofilter, the inocula did not have a great effect on the long term biofilter performance. The long term steady state removal rate was approximately 10 g $\alpha$-pinene/m$\sp3$ bed medium/h. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis compares differences in microbial communities based on the type and distribution of fatty acids. Fatty acid profiles indicate that the inocula in each run were significantly different. However, background fatty acids from the wood based biofilter media caused interference and when the inocula were mixed with the media, the fatty acid patterns became similar. During the operation of the biofilters, when the $\alpha$-pinene degradation activity of the three biofilters were similar, differences in the fatty acid profiles of the three different biofilters were not detected. FAME analysis on a larger bench scale biofilter with the same media but a higher microbial biomass indicated differences in the fatty acid profiles which corresponded to differences in the $\alpha$-pinene degradation rate.
Download or read book Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield written by Frederick E. Below and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield" that was published in Agronomy
Download or read book Fatty Acid Profiling of Soil Microbial Communities written by MARCELO FERREIRA FERNANDES Fernandes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method based on fatty acid (FA) analysis is used to profile microbial community structure (MCS). Various extraction protocols are available, which alter the types of FAs extracted from soils. The more time consuming but widely used protocol extracts only FAs from phospholipids (PLFA). This technique is desirable because PLFAs are largely of microbial origin and from viable cells, since they rapidly degrade upon microbial death. This stands in contrast to other more rapid methods that directly extract FAs but may extract FAs of non-microbial origin. In this thesis, two such methods of FA extraction (EL-FAME and MIDI) were compared to PLFA extracts for detecting shifts and interpreting profiles of MSC. Soil samples from a wide array of vegetation and climatic conditions were extracted by these methods, and their FA composition analyzed by gas chromatography. MIDI extracts contained major plant-specific FAs. Ordination multivariate analysis showed that separation of MCS among samples was driven mostly by these FAs, rather than by microbial FA markers. The degree of similarity between EL-FAME and PLFA results was affected by the environmental conditions. The major differences among methods were in the general fungal and arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal markers that were related to the vegetation type where soils were found. Nevertheless, cross-sample relative differences in the amounts of prokaryote FAs were not impacted by EL-FAME relative to PLFA. PLFA also was used to track shifts in MCS during the decomposition of two residues of contrasting chemical composition (maize stover, MS; and coconut husk, CH), under two N rates in a Brazilian soil. Microbial biomass-C (MBC), respiration rates and activity of C-cycle enzymes were concomitantly evaluated. A laboratory incubation was conducted for 425 d that included a simulated drought period between days 160 and 290. MS significantly impacted MCS and increased respiration rates, MBC, and enzyme activities; while changes due to CH were more subtle or non-existent. In MS, N reduced the CO2-C losses from soil, but caused no change in MBC. Higher respiration rates under low N were associated with a more bacterial-dominated community, and a higher laccase activity.
Download or read book Biotechnological Applications of Microbes Volume II written by Ajit Varma and published by I. K. International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2013-12-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Microbes is vital to understand the past and the future of mankind and our planet. These are the oldest form of life on the earth. Microbes provide us with oxygen to breathe and food to eat. Without microbes life is impossible on the earth. Microbes cause as well as prevent diseases, hence are highly relevant to medicine and other related health sciences too. Research and biotechnological applications of Microbes is a fascinating field of science and increasingly being seen as a mainstream tenet of biology. The present book focuses on diverse areas of microbial research and provides a wealth of information on the microbial world: biochemistry of the molecules, their functions, syntheses, and regulation activity; microbial genetics, immunology, biotechnology, control of microbial growth, interactions between humans, insects and microorganisms and public health, microbial ecology, terrestrial microbiology, microbiology of waste treatment and so on.
Download or read book Rhizosphere Functioning and Structural Development as Complex Interplay between Plants Microorganisms and Soil Minerals written by Carsten W. Mueller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rhizosphere, the soil volume, which is directly affected by root activity, is an important hot spot for a multitude of biotic and abiotic processes. Carbon transfer from plants to microorganisms and to soil takes place in these small volumes around living roots, creating chemical gradients and zones of microbial activity over distinct temporal and spatial scales. Hydraulic and biogeochemical properties of the rhizosphere and the formation of complex three-dimensional structures such as micro- and macroaggreates in turn, result from complex feedbacks between physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this Research Topic is to advance our understanding of rhizosphere interactions by collating 16 original contributions across disciplines, including original research, reviews and specific methods on the processes taking place in the rhizosphere, to shed new light on one of the most important interfaces for the diversity of life on earth.
Download or read book Advanced Techniques in Soil Microbiology written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-25 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide range of biotechnological methods for application in soil microbiology analysis, including all essential methods involving molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, and structural biology, such as transcriptome analysis, RNAi technology, molecular matchmaking, RAPD, T-RFLP and FT/MS. The techniques and procedures presented here offer practical guides for immediate use in the laboratory. This volume will be of use both to the first-timer and to the experienced scientist.
Download or read book Biological Resource Management in Agriculture Innovative Soil Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-31 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a conference on innovative systems for preserving the quality of soil used in agriculture.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Biopesticides written by and published by New India Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive use of chemicals and pesticide in agricultural crops is being deplored by the community and scientists. It is because of the fact that, these not only result in environmental and safety hazards but also lead to development of new strains of pests and pathogens. Thus the use of 'organic products' which do not have any utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are increasing day by day. The book deals with the detailed description about a number of biopesticides which are used for management of fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes. Topics like biological control of soil borne fungi, plant viruses, applications of bacteria, Rhizobacteria, plant species etc. are discussed in detail in the book. The traditional aspects of biopesticides management along with the future prospects and biotechnological approaches and applications have been dealt in the book. As biopesticides industry is growing at a fast pace and the use of new tools and techniques by the researchers are making it more meaningful, the volume as a whole will serve as a tool for the management of diseases in an eco-friendly manner.
Download or read book Roots and Soil Management written by Richard W. Zobel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will discover root-soil interactions and how to use them to manage the quality and productivity of our soils. Ranging from those identifiable from a moving vehicle, to those only elucidated with powerful molecular tools, the rhizosphere is examined in three sections: Macro-scale: Learn the four classes of root that deal with soil spatial and temporal variability. Meso-scale: Examine the dynamic processes that predicate much of the diversity and activity of the rhizosphere: fine root dynamics, nutrient uptake, border cells, organic matter decomposition, carbon sequestration, soil aggregation. Micro-scale: Looking at microbes themselves, explore topics such as deleterious bacteria as bio-herbicides, a cutting edge discussion of the molecular genetic basis for quorum sensing in a rhizobium species, and interactions among soybean, bradyrhizobia, and VAM fungi.
Download or read book The Rhizosphere written by Roberto Pinton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the rhizosphere, exudates from plants and microorganisms as well as stable soil organic matter influence processes that can control plant growth, microbial infections, and nutrient uptake. As the chemistry and biochemistry of these substances becomes more and more clear, their study promises to shed light on the complex interactions between plan
Download or read book Advances in Citrus Nutrition written by Anoop Kumar Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a solitary attempt to streamline all the possible information related to citrus nutrition, with emphasis on diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints, employing a variety of state-of-art techniques evolved globally over the years . While doing so care has been taken to include peripheral disciplines so that the discussion becomes more lively and authoritative. An entire array of exclusive subjects has been nicely portrayed with the help of latest data and photographs.
Download or read book Diversity and Integration in Mycorrhizas written by Sally E. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is highly recommended on the basis of the following points: - The editors are highly regarded in the field of mycorrhizal biology and one is co-author of the most comprehensive textbook on mycorrhizas; - Chapters by international experts based on invited presentations at the 3rd International Conference on Mycorrhizas, supplemented by invited chapters on special topics; - Mycorrhizas are being increasingly recognised as ubiquitous plant/fungal symbioses, with the potential to influence the function and ecology of around 90% of all land plants; perhaps the most common and also ancient terrestrial symbioses in existence; - This book has a broad coverage of biology of symbioses between mycorrhizal fungi and plants, especially ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizas (other recent texts have focused mainly on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses); - Forward-looking review chapters by keynote speakers including an overview of research challenges for the future; - Up-to-date research focus; - Coverage includes: molecular diversity and detection of mycorrhizal fungi; cellular and molecular interactions between the symbionts; physiology of the interactions; implications of the symbioses for ecosystem processes, including agriculture; - Several complementary chapters on some topics, ensuring that different perspectives are presented (recent edited volumes have had a smaller group of authors and hence narrower focus); - Readership from advanced undergraduate students in biology (particularly plant science), postgraduate students and researchers in universities and government agencies.
Download or read book Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers written by Mahendra Rai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sharply focused, up-to-date information on microbial biofertilizers—including emerging options such as Piriformospora indica and Matsutake The Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers provides in-depth coverage of all major microbial biofertilizers (rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and cyanobacteriaas well as new and emerging growth promoters (endophytes). It examines the role of microbes in growth promotion, bioprotectors, and bioremidiators, and presents protocols and practical strategies for using microbes in sustainable agriculture. An abundance of helpful charts, tables, and figures make complex information easy to access and understand. In this first-of-its-kind volume, contributors from 11 countries and several continents address important issues surrounding microbial biofertilizers, including: the rhizobium-host-arbuscular mycorrhizal tripartite relationship mycorrhiza as a disease suppresser and stress reducer mycorrhiza helping bacteria the impact of functional groups of soil microorganisms on nutrient turnover PBPRs as biofertilizers and biopesticides the potential of wild-legume rhizobia for use as a biofertilizers the expanding role of blue-green algae in sustainable agriculture the role of microbial fertilizers in sustainable plant production new and emerging endophytes the commercial potential of biofertilizers In this young century, the use of biofertilizers is already growing rapidly. It has been recognized that these environment-friendly bioprotectors, growth boosters, and remediators are essential for soil/plant health. The Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers is designed to fit the expanding information needs of current and future biotechnologists, microbiologists, botanists, agronomists, environmentalists, and others whose work involves sustained agriculture.
Download or read book Microbial Services in Restoration Ecology written by Jay Shankar Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Services in Restoration Ecology describes the role of microbial resources and their beneficial services in soil fertility and restoration of degraded ecosystems. The role of microbial interactions with crop plants which benefit agricultural productivity is also discussed. The book also includes significant advances in microbial based bio-pesticide production and strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation to improve stress survivability of crop plants. This work provides next-generation molecular technologies for exploring complex microbial secondary metabolites and metabolic regulation in viability of plant–microbe interactions. Describes the role of microbial resources and their beneficial services in soil fertility and restoration of degraded ecosystems Discusses the role of microbial interactions with crop plants and how it benefits of agricultural productivity Includes significant advances in microbial based bio-pesticide production and strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation to improve stress survivability of crop plants provides next-generation molecular technologies for exploring complex microbial secondary metabolites and metabolic regulation in viability of plant–microbe interactions
Download or read book Lipids in Plants and Microbes written by J. Harwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short text is designed to provide basic information about plant and microbial lipids not only for scientists working in the microbiological and plant fields, but for anyone wanting a concise introduction to this aspect of lipid biochemistry. We have long been aware that standard biochemistry books tend to. concentrate (sometimes exclusively) on animal lipids, thus neglecting many of the important and special features of other organisms. It is not our intention that the book should be comprehensive and we have not, for instance, provided complete lists of lipid compositions of all plants and bacterial species; a number of excellent specialist texts exist and many of these are listed for further reading. Instead we have sought to provide sufficient information for an advanced undergraduate or a research student to give them a 'feel' for the subject. By a combination of generalisation and the use of examples of special interest we hope the book will whet the appetite of the reader so that, by their own research, they are stimulated to discover and, perhaps, answer some of the fascinating questions concerning plant and microbial lipids. We trust that we shall succeed in these aims, even if that will mean more competition for research funds in our own fields! J. L. HARWOOD N. J. RUSSELL November 1983 Acknowledgements Our research careers have been devoted to a study of lipids: we have no regrets and are happy to acknowledge Professors J. N.
