Download or read book Fabrication and Modification of Nanocomposite Membranes for Enhanced Water Purification written by Jun Yin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing cost-effective technologies to extend water resources and solve water pollution problems is critical to the sustainable development of human society. Membrane technology has been given much attention and already been widely used in many areas including drinking water treatment, brackish and seawater desalination, and wastewater treatment and reuse due to its simple operation, no involvement of phase change or chemical additives, and modular design for easy scale up. However, as the main type of membrane, polymeric membranes still have some challenges that need to be overcome, which include the trade-off between permeability and selectivity and fouling issues. In this work, novel nanocomposite membranes with enhanced separation performance were developed for water and wastewater treatment. First, both flat-sheet and hollow fiber membrane fabrication systems were set up to provide capabilities for nanocomposite membrane preparation. Then, to improve membrane performance, nanomaterials with different components (inorganic or organic), structures (porous or nonporous), and functionalities (inert, antimicrobial activity, or photocatalytic activity) were incorporated into polymeric membranes through phase inversion or interfacial polymerization process based on proposed applications. Novel nanomaterials, mesoporous silica, carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide, were applied to study their effects on membrane structure and other physicochemical properties. A biocidal nanomaterial, AgNPs, was used to improve membrane’s anti-biofouling capability. Finally, a photocatalytic nanomaterial, nitrogen doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) with good visible light activity, was applied to improve the membrane antifouling properties. The results showed that hydrophilic nanofillers could improve membrane surface hydrophilicity, leading to a membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling properties. Meanwhile, nanofillers containing internal pore structure could further improve water permeability by providing additional flow paths for facile water transport. To control membrane biofouling, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were chemically attached onto the thin-film composite (TFC) membrane surfaces with cysteamine as a bridging agent. The modified membranes showed good stability for the immobilized AgNPs and excellent antibacterial properties, while maintained a good water flux and salt rejection. Poly(vinylene fluoride) (PVDF)/N-TiO2 nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) possessing visible light activity were first developed, which demonstrated an improved water permeability and superior antifouling properties due to the photodegradation of foulants and photoinduced hydrophilicity enhancement. Based on these results, it was concluded that nanocomposite membranes were promising to mitigate or even overcome the intrinsic challenges of current polymeric membranes on the market. The incorporation of nanomaterials with conventional membrane polymers could not only tune structure and physicochemical properties (e.g. hydrophilicity, porosity, charge density, thermal, and mechanical stability) of membranes, but also introduce unique functionalities (e.g. antibacterial property and photocatalytic capability) into the membranes. Overall, nanocomposite provides polymeric membrane design a new dimension, which could lead to the next generation of high performance membranes.
Download or read book Membranes for Water Treatment written by Klaus-Viktor Peinemann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.
Download or read book Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Gas Separation written by Mohtada Sadrzadeh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Gas Separation presents an introduction to the application of nanocomposite membranes in both water and gas separation processes. This in-depth literature review and discussion focuses on state-of-the-art nanocomposite membranes, current challenges and future progress, including helpful guidelines for the further improvement of these materials for water and gas separation processes. Chapters address material development, synthesis protocols, and the numerical simulation of nanocomposite membranes, along with current challenges and future trends in the areas of water and gas separation. - Explains the development of nanocomposite membranes through bio-mimicking nanomaterials - Discusses the surface modification of nanomaterials to fabricate robust nanocomposite membranes - Outlines the environmental and operational challenges for the application of nanocomposite membranes
Download or read book Nanoscale Materials in Water Purification written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel nanoscale materials are now an essential part of meeting the current and future needs for clean water, and are at the heart of the development of novel technologies to desalinate water. The unique properties of nanomaterials and their convergence with current treatment technologies present great opportunities to revolutionize water and wastewater treatment. Nanoscale Materials for Water Purification brings together sustainable solutions using novel nanomaterials to alleviate the physical effects of water scarcity. This book covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, bioactive nanoparticles, polysaccharidebased nanoparticles, nanocatalysts, and redox nanoparticles for water purification. Significant properties and characterization methods of nanomaterials such as surface morphology, mechanical properties, and adsorption capacities are also investigated - Explains how the unique properties of a range of nanomaterials makes them important water purification agents - Shows how the use of nanotechnology can help create cheaper, more reliable, less energy-intensive, more environmentally friendly water purification techniques - Includes case studies to show how nanotechnology has successfully been integrated into water purification system design
Download or read book Engineering Nanocomposite Membranes written by Saif Al-Aani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification and Gas Separation written by Rasel Das and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various organic and synthetic polymers are important materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and the separation of gases. The book discusses various types of membranes for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis etc. A number of nanomaterials are available for the modification of polymeric membranes. Keywords: Polymeric Membrane, Water Purification, Water Softening, Water Desalination, Gas Separation, Osmosis Membranes, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Carbon Nanotube, Nanosheets, MOFs, Porous Organic Cages, Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, O2/N2 Separation, CO2/CH4 Separation, H2/N2 Separation.
Download or read book Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment written by Alberto Figoli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane technology but also serves as a medium to promote international cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal of supplying economically, environmentally and societally sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is unique because the chapters were authored by established researchers all around the globe based on their recent research findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the scientific community in this century, the publication of this book is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized and developing countries as well.
Download or read book Fabrication of Nanocomposite Filaments for 3D printing of Water Treatment Membranes written by Emad Shahnam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever-increasing demand to provide fresh, potable water combined with the continued discharge of industrial and agricultural water pollutant chemicals in the water, require developments in conventional water and wastewater treatment operations. Bearing in mind the shortage and scarcity of fresh water sources, it is crucial to devise novel techniques, and design advanced materials to satisfy the growing demand for water and wastewater treatment. A treatment method that can be enhanced is in the area of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). AOPs are promising techniques in degradation of organic contaminants through reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. Through advanced oxidation, the organic materials are decomposed into their constituent molecules. Nevertheless, AOPs often use consumable hazardous chemicals that need to be added to the treatment constantly. Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process in which non-consumable sources (in this case photocatalysts) can be employed. Titanium dioxide is a chemically inert, non-consumable photocatalyst. TiO2 nanomaterials can be used in water treatment in various applications. Aside from their photocatalytic oxidation ability which can degrade organic contaminants such as bacteria, algae, and pharmaceuticals, they can also be used to induce hydrophilicity, increase water flux and hinder membrane fouling. Despite their advantages, further improvements are required to immobilize TiO2 nanomaterials onto substrates in order to retain them within the water treatment reactors and reuse them constantly. One approach is to introduce TiO2 nanomaterials to water treatment membranes. Membrane-based technologies have been used worldwide in various operations such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, to serve in several applications including seawater desalination, water purification, and contaminant removal, etc. Polymers are the most prevalent materials used in water treatment membranes. Despite the wide use of polymeric membranes, novel manufacturing methods are required to decrease energy consumption, use raw materials more efficiently, and possess advanced capabilities to obtain more complex designs. Moreover, membrane fouling is an important obstacle in maintaining the efficiency of the water treatment modules. Another challenge in the membrane treatment is the accumulation of the rejected species on the surface or within the pores of the membrane, which is referred to as 'fouling'. Fouling can reduce flux and intensify the trans-membrane pressure, resulting in energy consumption increase and the addition of chemicals to hinder the accumulation of the rejected particulates. Nanomaterials can be blended with polymers to produce nanocomposite membranes. TiO2 and bentonite nanomaterials can be added to the polymers to enhance their performance. Due to the significant developments in additive manufacturing (AM), the layer-by-layer production of water treatment membranes seems feasible. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an AM process that requires thin polymer filaments to feed a 3D-printer, to manufacture three-dimensional objects. Such filaments can be obtained by extruding polymer-based mixtures. In this research, TiO2 nanobelts were synthesized and together with purchased TiO2 nanoparticles and bentonite nanoclay, were blended with four different polymers (PMMA, Nylon, PSU, PVDF) in twenty-four different compositions, all of which were extruded to produce nanocomposite filaments. Several experiments have been executed to characterize the mechanical and water treatment properties of the extruded filaments. The filaments showed the capability to degrade organic dyes due to the photocatalysis of TiO2 nanomaterials and exhibited absorption because of the addition of bentonite nanoclay. Overall, this research demonstrated that the extrusion of nanomaterial-enhanced polymer filaments is feasible, and the produced filaments show the ability and characteristics to be employed in water treatment reactors. Such filaments can ultimately be fed into a 3D-printer to manufacture advanced water treatment membranes.
Download or read book Advanced Materials for Membrane Fabrication and Modification written by Stephen Gray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes are an energy efficient separation technology that are now the basis for many water treatment and food processing applications. However, there is the potential to improve the operating performance of these separations and to extend the application of membranes to energy production, gas separations, organic solvent-based separations, and biomedical applications through novel membrane materials. This book contains 20 chapters written by leading academic researchers on membrane fabrication and modification techniques and provides a comprehensive overview on the recent developments of membrane technology. Membranes can be manufactured from a range of materials including polymeric compounds, and ceramic materials, and both these materials are considered in the book. There are 5 chapters on water and wastewater membranes that cover the fabrication of thin film (TFC) composite membranes for nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)/forward osmosis (FO) applications, stimuli responsive membranes, electrospun membranes, porous ceramic membranes, and polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) manufacture and modification. There are another 6 chapters on gas separation that consider carbon membranes, zeolite membranes, silica template and metal oxide silica membranes, TFC membranes, silica membranes, and metal organic framework (MOF) membranes. Zeolite membranes are also considered for organic solvent applications, as are solvent-resistant membranes manufactured by phase inversion, ceramic-supported composite membranes, and ceramic NF membranes. The emerging areas of membranes for energy and biomedical applications have 3 and 2 chapters, respectively. Energy applications consider ion exchange membranes for use in fuel cells, membranes for electrodialysis, and membranes for use in microbial fuel cells. For biomedical applications the chapters focus on hemodialysis membranes and redox responsive membranes.
Download or read book Membranes for Water Treatment and Remediation written by Ashok Kumar Nadda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive description of polymeric membranes in water treatment and remediation. It describes both the sustainability challenges and new opportunities to use membranes for water decontamination. It also discusses the environmental-related issues, challenges and advantages of using membrane-based systems and provides comprehensive description of various polymeric membranes, nanomaterials, biomolecules and their integrated systems for wastewater treatment. Various topics covered in this book are direct pressure-driven and osmotic-driven membrane processes, hybrid membrane processes (such as membrane bioreactors and integrating membrane separation with other processes), and resource recovery-oriented membrane-based processes. The book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of materials science and environmental chemistry.
Download or read book Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas Separation written by Pei Sean Goh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a new class of nanocomposite membranes has served as one of the most prominent strategies to address the intrinsic limitations of conventionally used polymeric and inorganic membranes. Nanocomposite membranes consist of nanosized inorganic nanomaterials that are incorporated into the structure of continuous polymer matrices. Owing to the exceptional properties exhibited by the nanomaterials, the resultant nanocomposite membranes demonstrate higher selectivity and permeability that surpass the Robeson upper boundary limit. Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas Separation provides a comprehensive review of the advances made in the development and application of gas separation nanocomposite membranes. In particular, the book covers the focuses on the fabrication, modification, characterization and applications of nanocomposite membranes for gas separation. It is an important reference source both for materials scientists, environmental engineers and chemical engineers who are looking to understand how nanocomposite membranes are being used to create better techniques for gas separation. - Provides detailed insights in the fabrication, modification, characterization and applications of nanocomposite membranes for gas separation - Shows how nanotechnology is being used to address current limitations of the development of polymeric and inorganic membranes for gas separation, including low separation performance in terms of permeability and selectivity - Explores the potential of nanocomposite membranes to help create more effective gas separation techniques
Download or read book Engineering Nanocomposite Membranes written by Saif Al Aani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The engineering of novel membranes through fabrication and modification using engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) presents tremendous opportunity within desalination and water treatment. This work presents an endeavour dedicated to investigate the design and fabrication of polymeric membranes and nanoscale materials. Also, to probe the role of nanoscale materials integration on the function of separating membranes aiming to diminish the propensity of the surface to foul.In the first part of the work, an attempt was made to research and compare the potential of versatile UF membranes structures in terms of morphology, surface characteristics and performance. The potential performance of the hand-made fabricated (UF) membranes was systematically evaluated against three organic model foulants with dissimilar origins; humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (NaAlg), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), under different initial feed concentration and pH chemistry. A diverse range of surface characteristics and morphologies have been produced as a result of varying the dope casting solution concentration, which corresponds to the wide range of commercially available UF membranes (6, 10, 35 and 100kDa). Also, a disparate fouling behaviour was observed depending on the membrane characteristics and the organic model foulant used. A one or more pore blocking mechanism were distinctly observed depending on the UF membrane cut-off used.Subsequently, the research presented the development of a novel nanocomposite membrane incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles which have the potential to lower membrane biofouling. Antibacterial hybrid nanostructures (HNS) comprising of Ag decorated MWCNTs were successfully synthesised with the assistance of microwave irradiation. The HNS were then employed to fabricated antibacterial nanocomposite membranes via the classical phase inversion technique in order to assess their antimicrobial properties against two bacterial species; E. coli and S. aureus. The nanocomposite membranes remarkably displayed antibacterial activity (4.24 and 2.9 log kill) against the two species respectively. A higher stability under crossflow conditions was also demonstrated.Finally, for desalination applications, novel HNS comprising of a mussel-inspired PDA coated M/MO-MWCNTs, were successfully synthesised and used to fabricate TFN membranes. For comparison, four different M/MO (Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were in situ synthesised/loaded on the surface of CNTs, and the resultant HNS were further coated with a thin polymeric film of PDA. An intermediate layer of the HNS was then deposited on a PES substrate membrane, and an interfacial polymerisation (IP) process was carried out to render a polyamide (PA) thin layer above the intermediate layer. Both HNS and TFN were characterised using different characterisation tools, and the performance of nanofiltration (NF) membranes was evaluated against monovalent, divalent salts and heavy metal solutions. The fabricated TFN-NF membranes had higher performance in terms of their permeation characteristics compared to the thin film composite TFC membrane (⁓9.6-11.6 LMH), while maintaining their selectivity (≥91%) against both monovalent and divalent salts solutions, and (> 92%) against the multi-component heavy metal solution. The experimental results disclosed a high retention capability for TFC and TFN membranes along with greater potential stability/compatibility within the polymeric PA matrix. This implies that the NF membranes fabricated in this work can be employed for water reclamation purposes.
Download or read book Advanced Materials for Membrane Fabrication and Modification written by Stephen Gray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes are an energy efficient separation technology that are now the basis for many water treatment and food processing applications. However, there is the potential to improve the operating performance of these separations and to extend the application of membranes to energy production, gas separations, organic solvent-based separations, and biomedical applications through novel membrane materials. This book contains 20 chapters written by leading academic researchers on membrane fabrication and modification techniques and provides a comprehensive overview on the recent developments of membrane technology. Membranes can be manufactured from a range of materials including polymeric compounds, and ceramic materials, and both these materials are considered in the book. There are 5 chapters on water and wastewater membranes that cover the fabrication of thin film (TFC) composite membranes for nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)/forward osmosis (FO) applications, stimuli responsive membranes, electrospun membranes, porous ceramic membranes, and polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) manufacture and modification. There are another 6 chapters on gas separation that consider carbon membranes, zeolite membranes, silica template and metal oxide silica membranes, TFC membranes, silica membranes, and metal organic framework (MOF) membranes. Zeolite membranes are also considered for organic solvent applications, as are solvent-resistant membranes manufactured by phase inversion, ceramic-supported composite membranes, and ceramic NF membranes. The emerging areas of membranes for energy and biomedical applications have 3 and 2 chapters, respectively. Energy applications consider ion exchange membranes for use in fuel cells, membranes for electrodialysis, and membranes for use in microbial fuel cells. For biomedical applications the chapters focus on hemodialysis membranes and redox responsive membranes.
Download or read book Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification written by Akil Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the basic and sustainable approach of nanofiltration membrane techniques along with their fabrication, characterization, separation mechanisms, and broad applications in the field of wastewater treatment. It provides a wide knowledge of nanofiltration technique to water purification audience concerning the recent development with various illustrations, methods and results for graduate students, scientists, academicians, researchers, and industrialists. Readers from wastewater and water purification will have a quick reference by exploring the research literature on the subject field with commercial value-added research applications of nanofiltration membrane.
Download or read book Membrane Fabrication written by Nidal Hilal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes play a crucial role in ensuring the optimum use and recovery of materials in manufacturing. In the process industries, they are required for efficient production and minimization of environmental impact. They are also essential for the efficient production of clean water, a significant global issue. Membrane Fabrication brings together ex
Download or read book Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment written by Mikel Duke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes have emerged over the last 30 years as a viable water treatment technology. Earth's population is growing and the need for alternative ways to generate potable water is rising. The recent advent of nanotechnology opens the door to improving processes in membrane technology, which is a promising step on the way to solving the earth's potable water problem. Current performance is enhanced and new concepts are possible by engineering on the nanoscale. This book presents key areas of nanotechnology such as fouling tolerant and robust membranes, enhanced destruction of pollutants and faster monitoring of water quality. 'Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification written by Deepu A. Gopakumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-22 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification A comprehensive primary resource for researchers interested in nanocomposites for environmental remediation In Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an expert compilation of resources dealing with nano-based research for air and water remediation. The editors have included works by reputed researchers covering characterization, fabrication, and applications. This book is intended as a primary reference for researchers in academia and industry to offer original insights into environmentally friendly polymers and their nanocomposites. It provides comprehensive discussions of the fundamentals, attributes, characteristics, and fabrication of the materials and composites relevant to these nanomaterials. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to electrospun nanofiber membranes for effective air filtration and nanocomposite air filter membranes Comprehensive explorations of photocatalytic materials and technologies for air purification Practical discussions of opportunities for improving and protecting water supplies with nanomaterials Fulsome treatments of polymeric membranes incorporated with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles for water purification Perfect for environmental, polymer, and surface chemists, Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification will also earn a place in the libraries of industry professionals with an interest in water and air purification.
