Download or read book An Introduction To Solar Radiation written by Muhammad Iqbal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
Download or read book Seeing Clearly written by S. Businger and published by . This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economical and Technical Considerations for Solar Tracking Methodologies and Opportunities for Energy Management written by Soulayman, S. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energy is a critical topic of discussion in contemporary society. With increased attention on alternative methods, solar tracking has emerged as an effective strategy for sustainable energy management. Economical and Technical Considerations for Solar Tracking: Methodologies and Opportunities for Energy Management is an essential reference source for the latest scholarly research on economic and technical considerations of long-term and short-term solar tracking. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as sun position, solar radiation, and geographic orientation, this publication is ideally designed for students, professionals, and engineers seeking current research on efficient use of solar energy.
Download or read book Extraterrestrial Influence on Climate Change written by Saumitra Mukherjee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has been addressed since last decade based on the influence of human activities like production of industrial effluents, land use changes and other activities due to development of the society. These are very important issues no doubt but the activities due to the influence of extraterrestrial phenomena have not been given its due importance. An attempt is being made here to understand the influence of extraterrestrial activities as one of the important factors of climate change has been attempted here. The influence of Sun and distant stars on the environment of the earth has been studied during the cyclic changes in the Sun as well as episodic changes in the environment due to the effect of other celestial objects in between Sun-Earth environment. The study has been carried out based on the changes within the Sun as well as changes during the solar eclipse. During these extraterrestrial changes it has been observed that the earth changes in its atmosphere as well as geosphere, which may have local effect but the increase of these local effect in large scale may contribute to the climate change. Solar radiation drives atmospheric circulation. Since solar radiation represents almost all the energy available to the Earth, accounting for solar radiation and how it interacts with the atmosphere and the Earth's surface is fundamental to understanding the Earth's energy budget.
Download or read book NASA Thesaurus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Extraterrestrial Solar Spectrum written by A. J. Drummond and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Heating and Cooling written by Jan F. Kreider and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Efficiency of Demand Side Management Measures in Small Village Electrification Systems written by Arnusorn Saengprajak and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation of Incoming Radiation from Extraterrestrial Radiation and Climatic Data written by Rodrigo Humberto Pizarro and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Average monthly values of incoming radiation, extraterrestrial radiation, sunshine, and sky cover from 32 climatological stations in the United States were used as a basis to develop radiation equations. Empirical relations between incoming radiation and more commonly available climatic and geographic variables, such as percent of relative sunshine, mean daily sky cover, station elevation and extraterrestrial radiation, were established using an empirical procedure used by Christiansen (1966, 1967) to compute his evaporation and evapotranspiration formulas. The reliability of the equations developed was determined by comparing the computed values of incoming radiation with measured values at Davis, California and for the Republic of Venezuela (Servicio de Meteorologia, 1965). For comparison, the formulas developed in this study and formulas developed by Fitzpatrick (1965), Black (1954), Glover and McCulloch (cited by Fitzpatrick, 1965) Morton (1965), and Bennett (1965) were applied to Venezuelan incoming solar radiation stations.
Download or read book Extreme Events in Geospace written by Natalia Buzulukova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences helps deepen the understanding, description, and forecasting of the complex and inter-related phenomena of extreme space weather events. Composed of chapters written by representatives from many different institutions and fields of space research, the book offers discussions ranging from definitions and historical knowledge to operational issues and methods of analysis. Given that extremes in ionizing radiation, ionospheric irregularities, and geomagnetically induced currents may have the potential to disrupt our technologies or pose danger to human health, it is increasingly important to synthesize the information available on not only those consequences but also the origins and predictability of such events. Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences is a valuable source for providing the latest research for geophysicists and space weather scientists, as well as industries impacted by space weather events, including GNSS satellites and radio communication, power grids, aviation, and human spaceflight. The list of first/second authors includes M. Hapgood, N. Gopalswamy, K.D. Leka, G. Barnes, Yu. Yermolaev, P. Riley, S. Sharma, G. Lakhina, B. Tsurutani, C. Ngwira, A. Pulkkinen, J. Love, P. Bedrosian, N. Buzulukova, M. Sitnov, W. Denig, M. Panasyuk, R. Hajra, D. Ferguson, S. Lai, L. Narici, K. Tobiska, G. Gapirov, A. Mannucci, T. Fuller-Rowell, X. Yue, G. Crowley, R. Redmon, V. Airapetian, D. Boteler, M. MacAlester, S. Worman, D. Neudegg, and M. Ishii. - Helps to define extremes in space weather and describes existing methods of analysis - Discusses current scientific understanding of these events and outlines future challenges - Considers the ways in which space weather may affect daily life - Demonstrates deep connections between astrophysics, heliophysics, and space weather applications, including a discussion of extreme space weather events from the past - Examines national and space policy issues concerning space weather in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Download or read book Extraterrestrial written by Avi Loeb and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller | Wall Street Journal Bestseller | Publishers Weekly Bestseller | Publishers Marketplace 2020 Buzz Book | Amazon Best Book of the Year | Longlisted for the 2022 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award “Provocative and thrilling ... Loeb asks us to think big and to expect the unexpected.” —Alan Lightman, New York Times bestselling author of Einstein’s Dreams and Searching for Stars on an Island in Maine Harvard’s top astronomer lays out his controversial theory that our solar system was recently visited by advanced alien technology from a distant star. In late 2017, scientists at a Hawaiian observatory glimpsed an object soaring through our inner solar system, moving so quickly that it could only have come from another star. Avi Loeb, Harvard’s top astronomer, showed it was not an asteroid; it was moving too fast along a strange orbit, and left no trail of gas or debris in its wake. There was only one conceivable explanation: the object was a piece of advanced technology created by a distant alien civilization. In Extraterrestrial, Loeb takes readers inside the thrilling story of the first interstellar visitor to be spotted in our solar system. He outlines his controversial theory and its profound implications: for science, for religion, and for the future of our species and our planet. A mind-bending journey through the furthest reaches of science, space-time, and the human imagination, Extraterrestrial challenges readers to aim for the stars—and to think critically about what’s out there, no matter how strange it seems.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Radiation written by Lucien Wald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy, called solar energy or solar radiation, which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth, by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth, it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example, but there are many others, such as plant growth or human health, or even the design of buildings, the production of energy, notably electrical and thermal, or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations, as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane, such as a natural slope or a rooftop, is discussed, as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute, hour, day, or month), whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV), or daylight, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals, engineers, researchers, students, and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.
Download or read book Prevailing Trade Winds written by Marie Sanderson and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hawaiian Islands are small in area, but they resemble continents in miniature with climates ranging from tropical rainforest to desert to tundra. Prevailing Trade Winds: Weather and Climate in Hawaii, intended for students of geography, biology, ecology, and hydrology, for visitors interested in the natural phenomena of the places they visit, and for island residents, explains in clear language the many aspects of the climate and weather of Hawaii. Weather is usually defined as the current state of the atmosphere, while climate denotes average weather and includes the variability and frequency of the factors that produce weather. The authors of this volume discuss the factors that control climate; the radiation, energy, and water balances; the impact of climate on human activity; the climate-related meanings of many place names in Hawaii; and the importance of the climate of Hawaii for scientific research. Contributors: Paul Ekern, Tom Giambelluca, Dennis Nullet, Saul Price, Marie Sanderson, and Thomas Schroeder.
Download or read book Solar Energy written by Robert Foster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the authors' extensive research and project implementation around the globe, Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment covers solar energy resources, thermal and photovoltaic systems, and the economics involved in using solar energy. It provides background theory on solar energy as well as useful technical information for implem
Download or read book Testing at the Speed of Light written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future.
Download or read book Greenhouses and Shelter Structures for Tropical Regions written by Chr. von Zabeltitz and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
