Download or read book External Vulnerability in Emerging Market Economies written by Mr.Christian B. Mulder and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the factors behind the 1994 and 1997 crises and whether these can explain the 1998 crisis. The study reveals that: (i) variables used in an Early Warning System model developed by IMF staff scored well in predicting the 1998 crisis out-of-sample; (ii) all three crisis episodes can be well explained by a parsimonious set of core fundamentals and liquidity related variables; and (iii) the presence of an IMF-supported program significantly reduced the depth of crises. The results suggest that as a rule of thumb countries should hold reserves to the tune of short-term debt to avoid contagion-related crises, provided their current deficits are modest and their real effective exchange rates are not significantly misaligned.

Download or read book External Vulnerability in Emerging Market Economies written by Matthieu Bussière and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the factors behind the 1994 and 1997 crises and whether these can explain the 1998 crisis. The study reveals that: (i) variables used in an Early Warning System model developed by IMF staff scored well in predicting the 1998 crisis out-of-sample; (ii) all three crisis episodes can be well explained by a parsimonious set of core fundamentals and liquidity related variables; and (iii) the presence of an IMF-supported program significantly reduced the depth of crises.

Download or read book Central Bank Reserve Management written by Age Bakker and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the welfare gains and costs of accumulating foreign exchange reserves and the implications for the functioning of the global financial system. The tremendous growth of central bank reserves has led to an increased focus on raising returns in addition to the traditional preference central banks have for maintaining liquid portfolios. Issues such as asset and currency diversification, the impact of new accounting rules and the profit distribution agreements with the government are analysed, adding new insights to the current debate on the optimal size of central bank reserves. This book brings together a wide range of experts from central banks, investment banks and the academic community.

Download or read book The Economies of South Eastern Europe written by C. Papazoglou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-04 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the main factors that affected the course of the countries of South-Eastern Europe during transition, contributing, as a result, to their disappointing economic performance. Thus, the role of initial conditions and issues concerning the effectiveness of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reforms are at the centre of the analysis. Furthermore, this volume focuses on developments and issues concerning international trade patterns, foreign direct investment and the impact of the Euro on the exchange rate policies of the countries in the region.

Download or read book World Economic Outlook September 2003 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, and economics in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.

Download or read book Asia in the Global Economy written by Ramkishen S. Rajan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is unique about this book? This book is intended for undergraduates, graduates and scientists in general. It introduces certain topics of natural products which are only taught in institutes of higher learning. Despite the fact that there exists a vast literature devoted principally or entirely to naturally occurring compounds, there are very few books or monographs of moderate length that provide an overall view of the field. There are many aspects of natural products that deserve a special emphasis that is unlikely to be encountered in a conventional course of organic chemistry. Among them are biosynthesis; metabolic transformations; and physiological and biological properties of some of the natural products. The field of the chemistry of natural products is so immense that it embraces an almost limitless scope of the compound types. This book contains specialized work that describes the chemistry of separate classes of compounds such as steroids, terpenes, alkaloids, sugars, carotenoids, fatty acids and so on. It also includes data on compounds isolated from various classes of organisms such as, lichens, bacteria, fungi are treated in special monographs. The topics in this book are unlikely to be found in general chemistry courses. The book covers the following topics of natural products: cannabinoids, toxic constituents from marine sources, natural sweeteners, generation of wines, biological markers, pheromones of insects and mammals, pest management and secondary natural chemicals formed by microorganisms. Among the authors of the reviews is Professor Raphael Mechoulam who received the Israel Prize for his work on active constituents (cannabinoids) of the Cannabis plant and Professor Douglas Kinghorn from University of Chicago who is the chief editor of "Journal of Natural Products."

Download or read book Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Asia written by Ramkishen S Rajan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid growth of China and India and the resurgence of Southeast Asia post-1997–8, emerging Asia has once again become one of the most dynamic regions in the world. This dynamism has in turn been fuelled largely by a carefully calibrated embracement of economic openness to international trade, investments and capital flows. While much has been written about international trade, there has been somewhat less work on the issue of capital flows, macroeconomic management and foreign direct investment (FDI) to and from the region, a gap that this book attempts to fill. The book is divided into two parts. The first part deals with selected issues pertaining to macroeconomic management in small and open economies, with particular focus on exchange rates. The second part of the book deals with the trends and determinants of FDI in emerging Asia, its importance as a source of finance, its impact on growth and development, and the nexus between FDI and foreign portfolio flows (FPI). Overall, the chapters in this book tackle important policy issues of contemporary relevance, but are informed by analytical frameworks, data and empirics. While each of the topic areas chosen in individual chapters is intentionally narrow, the book as a whole covers a number of areas and countries/regions within Asia (i.e. East, Southeast and South Asia). While the chapters have been written in a manner that can stand up to academic scrutiny, they are also meant to be accessible to policy makers, researchers and others who might be interested in FDI and related issues in Asia.

Download or read book Rebalancing Economies in Financially Integrating East Asia written by Jenny Corbett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) of 1997–98 large current account surpluses have accumulated in the countries of Asia and the Pacific with corresponding deficits elsewhere. The sharp plunge in global trade volumes during the global financial crisis has highlighted the need for ‘rebalancing’–focussing more on domestic sources of economic growth than on exports in some Asian economies. One key objective of the book is to elucidate the economic structures and policies that give rise to current account surpluses and imbalances and consider what policy adjustments could change them. Another objective is to show the link between financial systems, financial integration and the transmission of economic shocks between countries. The book offers new dimensions to understand ‘rebalancing’ and provides alternative and arguably more fundamental solutions to address imbalances. Rather than focusing on exchange rate misalignment, this book begins from the premise that the imbalances are a macroeconomic problem that reflects a mismatch between savings and investment in the surplus countries. Then, it examines exchange rate policies adopted by countries in the region and finds that part of the explanation for their currency strategy lies in their perceived need to build foreign exchange reserves to provide a buffer in case of instabilities. The book examines whether there are other possibilities for countries to insure against economic volatility by more actively and openly engaging with international capital markets. The studies show that closer financial integration, involving more open financial markets, with well-chosen partners, would be welfare-improving and should reduce the need for the counter-productive, self-insurance policies that result in foreign exchange accumulation.

Download or read book Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper assesses the desired level of foreign exchange reserves in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, given its commitment to maintain the exchange rate peg. A variety of methods including popular rules of thumb, comparisons with other emerging countries, and model-based estimates suggest a target range of €1.5–2 billion for reserves. The paper also looks at reserve levels that would be implied by popular rules of thumb and at benchmarks suggested by other emerging market countries.

Download or read book Managing Capital Flows written by Masahiro Kawai and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Capital Flows provides analyses that can help policymakers develop a framework for managing capital flows that is consistent with prudent macroeconomic and financial sector stability. While capital inflows can provide emerging market economies with invaluable benefits in pursuing economic development and growth, they can also pose serious policy challenges for macroeconomic management and financial sector supervision. The expert contributors cover a wide range of issues related to managing capital flows and analyze the experience of emerging Asian economies in dealing with surges in capital inflows. They also discuss possible policy measures to manage capital flows while remaining consistent with the goals of macroeconomic and financial sector stability. Building on this analysis, the book presents options for workable national policies and regional policy cooperation, particularly in exchange rate management. Containing chapters that bring in international experiences relevant to Asia and other emerging market economies, this insightful book will appeal to policymakers in governments and financial institutions, as well as public and private finance experts. It will also be of great interest to advanced students and academic researchers in finance.

Download or read book Early Warning Systems written by Mr.Abdul Abiad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous early-warning systems (EWSs) for currency crises have relied on models that require a priori dating of crises. This paper proposes an alternative EWS, based on a Markov-switching model, which identifies and characterizes crisis periods endogenously; this also allows the model to utilize information contained in exchange rate dynamics. The model is estimated using data for the period 1972-99 for the Asian crisis countries, taking a country-by-country approach. The model outperforms standard EWSs, both in signaling crises and reducing false alarms. Two lessons emerge. First, accounting for the dynamics of exchange rates is important. Second, different indicators matter for different countries, suggesting that the assumption of parameter constancy underlying panel estimates of EWSs may contribute to poor performance.

Download or read book Profiting Without Producing written by Costas Lapavitsas and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financialization is one of the most innovative concepts to emerge in the field of political economy during the last three decades, although there is no agreement on what exactly it is. Profiting Without Producing puts forth a distinctive view defining financialization in terms of the fundamental conduct of non-financial enterprises, banks and households. Its most prominent feature is the rise of financial profit, in part extracted from households through financial expropriation. Financialized capitalism is also prone to crises, none greater than the gigantic turmoil that began in 2007. Using abundant empirical data, the book establishes the causes of the crisis and discusses the options broadly available for controlling finance.

Download or read book Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market written by Roberto Pereira Guimarães and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper offers guidance on the operational aspects of official intervention in the foreign exchange market, particularly in developing countries with flexible exchange rate regimes. A brief survey of the literature and country experience is followed by an analysis of the objectives, timing, amount, degree of transparency, and choice of markets and counterparties in conducting intervention. The analysis highlights the difficulty of detecting exchange rate misalignments and disorderly markets, and argues in favor of parsimony in official intervention. Determining the timing and amount of intervention is a highly subjective excercise, and some degree of discretion is almost necessary, though policy rules may serve as "rules of thumb."

Download or read book Survey of Reserve Managers written by Aideen Morahan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reports in detail on a survey that was circulated to reserve managing central banks of IMF member countries in April 2012. The survey aims to gain further insight into how reserve managers have reacted to the crisis to date. The survey also aims to understand how reserve managers arrive at their strategic asset allocation and how they operate their risk management frameworks in practice. Some of the key themes that emerge from the survey include potential procyclical and counter cyclical behavior by reserve managers, increased focus placed on returns and wide variability across countries in how the currency composition of reserves is derived.

Download or read book Financialisation in Crisis written by Costas Lapavitsas and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turmoil of 2007-2009 is a crisis of financialised capitalism. This collected volume analyses financialisation by drawing on Marxist and heterodox theory of finance. It examines domestic and international aspects of financialisation, placing the crisis in its appropriate social context.

Download or read book Exchange Rates Currency Crisis and Monetary Cooperation in Asia written by R. Rajan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concentrates on exchange rates and their macroeconomic consequences, analytical and empirical issues relating to currency crises and policy responses and monetary and financial cooperation in Asia. It is truely pan-Asia-focused with chapters on China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia.

Download or read book Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds written by Mr.Udaibir S. Das and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-12-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers a wide range of topics of relevance to policymakers in countries that have sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and those that receive SWF investments. Renowned experts in the field have contributed chapters. The book is organized around four themes: (1) the role and macrofinancial linkages of SWFs, (2) institutional factors, (3) investment approaches and financial markets, and (4) the postcrisis outlook. The book also discusses the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds in the coming years, from an inside perspective on countries, including Canada, Chile, China, Norway, Russia, and New Zealand. Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds will contribute to a further understanding of the nature, strategies and behavior of SWFs and the environment in which they operate, as their importance is likely to grow in the coming years.