Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book Social Costs of Energy Consumption written by Olav Hohmeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become apparent that the market diffusion of systems using new and renewable sources of energy such as solar systems, wind energy converters etc. is taking place more slowly than expected (see e.g. Jochem et al. 1986, p. 338). This indicates that various barriers to the market introduction of such technologies have been underestimated. This hypothesis is supported by the accelerating effect of strong financial incentives on market diffusion rates of wind energy systems in such countries as Denmark and the USA (see Jochem et al. 1986, p. 340f). It is often pointed out that the macroeconomic and social advantages of new energy technologies such as environmental attractiveness, reduction of dependence on energy imports, or resource preservation and the hidden costs of conventional energy systems are not adequately represented in microeconomic evaluations (see Wicke 1986, p. 12 or Solow 1982, p. 32). The general market pricing mechanism does not seem to work adequately in such cases. In any seriously distorted market, government has to compensate by internalizing the external effects of economic processes (see e.g. Solow 1982, p. 31 or Osterkamp/Schneider 1982, p. 27). Therefore, research efforts to estimate the full costs of energy systems to society are necessary. The knowledge of these full social costs of energy could enable government to take corrective action to help the market mechanism achieve an optimal allocation of resources.
Download or read book External Environmental Costs of Electric Power written by Olav Hohmeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental costs of electric power generation are receiving increasing attention as an important input to planning and decision processes. Since the outstart of the discussion on the monetized environmental costs of electricity in 1988 a number of studies have been conducted on the subject, producing partially contradictory results. Simultaneously political action has resulted from the first stage on this discussion process. In Germany the higher rates which have to be payed to autoproducers based on renewable energy sources have been explicitly justified by the existence of external environmental costs of conventional electricity generation. At the same time some state regulatory commissions in the United States have introduced adders for environmental costs in the utility planning process. This book reports on the first international workshop on the subject, bringing together practically all experts in the field of research and political implementation from the United States and Germany, the two pioneering countries. The more than thirty contributed papers contained in this volume give the most comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field. Some papers already outline the future course of research by giving an overview over some major research projects, which have just started.
Download or read book Social Costs and Benefits of Renewable Electricity Generation in Cyprus written by Theodoros Zachariadis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an economic cost-benefit assessment of the penetration of renewable power generation in Cyprus up to 2030. Unlike a purely financial appraisal, we employ a social cost-benefit analysis that is mainly relevant for policy makers, taking into account – apart from direct financial costs – external costs and benefits from the diffusion of renewable electricity. The book presents a comprehensive yet straightforward case study, probably the first one conducted for Cyprus. Electricity produced by renewable sources increased worldwide at its fastest rate to date in 2014. Driven by policies to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security and reduce air pollution, and by declining costs of major technologies, renewables account for almost all net new power generating capacity in the developed world. In this context, Cyprus is increasingly adopting renewable power generation as well. In addition to its energy and environmental commitments as a member of the European Union, the country wishes to diversify its energy supply in order to drive down electricity costs and reduce energy supply risks. A significant deployment of renewable electricity is foreseen in the coming decades. Is it economically justified for a small country with an isolated electric system like Cyprus.
Download or read book External costs of energy generation written by Mike Hornung and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by NATL ACADEMY PR and published by National Academy Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book External costs of energy generation written by H E J (Helen) Jones and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Power Generation Choices written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 1994 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Carbon Transition written by Valter Silva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most leaders of developed nations recognize the importance of following policies and strategies to achieve a low-carbon economy based on new and innovative technologies that are able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create new employment and growth. In the broad spectrum of the feasible decarbonisation pathways, the challenge for political and economic decision-makers is to weigh uncertain impact from different technologies and to build a comprehensive evidence-based framework for research, business, investment and policy decision-making. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology in the Low Carbon Technology and Economy field, discussing a set of new technology approaches and environmental and economic implications.
Download or read book External Costs of Electricity Generation written by Rainer Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.
Download or read book Nuclear Electricity Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subsidies and external costs in electric power generation written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This generally involves manipulating the data reported in the studies, and the basis for these manipulations is described in the notes to the table. [...] Comparing the estimates for a point in time against those for a multi-year period highlights the sensitivity of results to the period in question, and reflects the increase in public R&D for renewable energy over time.3 External Costs: The ExternE Project quantified externalized costs for each renewable-electricity generation type in each of the EU-15 member states (ExternE, 2003). [...] First governments may provide subsidies all along the value chain: to the fuels themselves, to the power plants, and for the consumption of electricity. [...] The EIA (2008) reviewed subsidies to electricity production from fossil fuels in the United States, estimating that total subsidy in 2007 was in the region of US$2.7 billion, not counting government expenditure on R&D.7 For Australia, Reidy (2007) estimates the value of input price support and tax incentives to coal-fired generation of up to A$1.3 billion (US$1 billion) and subsidised supply of el [...] It is also possible that some of the current data on energy subsidies in general may enable some of the gaps to be filled, if disaggregated on the basis of end use (for studies that look at subsidies to fossil fuels in general), or if disaggregated by source fuel (for subsidies that look at subsidies to electricity in general).
Download or read book The external costs of energy generation by the coal fuel cycle written by Mike Hornung and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book External Costs Associated to Electricity Generation Options in Brazil written by J. Spadaro and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation discusses external costs associated with electricity generation options in Brazil.
Download or read book The Economic and Social Costs of Coal and Nuclear Electric Generation written by Stephen M. Barrager and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Social Cost of Electricity written by Anil Markandya and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports and rationalizes the state-of-the-art concerning the social costs of electricity generation.
