Download or read book Export Restrictions on Domestic Oil written by Mark C. Trexler and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U s Crude Oil Export Policy written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During an era of oil price controls and following the 1973 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries oil embargo, Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), which directs the President “to promulgate a rule prohibiting the export of crude oil” produced in the United States. Crude oil export restrictions are codified in the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)—a Commerce Department agency. Generally, U.S. crude oil exports are prohibited, although there are a number of exemptions and circumstances under which crude oil exports are allowed. The President has authority to allow certain crude oil exports if an exemption is determined to be in the national interest. In 2009, a decades-long U.S. oil production decline was reversed due to the application of advanced drilling and extraction technologies to produce tight oil, generally light/sweet crude primarily located in Texas and North Dakota. Limited demand for tight oil and condensate being produced in the Texas/Gulf Coast region may result because certain refiners in that region are currently configured to process heavier crudes. As a result, oil producers and industry analysts are projecting an oversupply of light oil, which could lead to price discounts and lower production should export restrictions remain. However, the industry is dynamic, and refiners can modify operating configurations and add equipment in order to accommodate more light crude volumes. Price discounts may be needed to motivate such changes. The effect on domestic gasoline prices is a major consideration, among several, associated with allowing crude oil exports. Commercial studies and federal government analysis suggests that gasoline prices are correlated to international crude oil prices—since gasoline and other petroleum products can be exported without restriction—and U.S. gasoline prices could possibly decrease if crude oil exports were allowed. However, the projected decreases—assuming ~$100 per barrel crude oil prices—are relatively small and range from $0.02 to $0.12 per gallon. Congress may choose to consider crude oil export policy options that could range from maintaining existing restrictions to eliminating the prohibition on crude oil exports. During the 113th Congress, four bills were introduced that would have eliminated crude oil export restrictions: H.R. 4286, H.R. 4349, S. 2170, and H.R. 5814. Some Members of Congress have expressed the desire to maintain crude oil restrictions. However, maintaining restrictions might not prevent more crude-oil-like material from being exported, because varying interpretations of existing regulations may allow for more exports. The crude oil definition in the export regulations is open to interpretation and has many undefined terms that the industry may explore with the objective of determining the minimum amount of crude oil processing necessary that would result in an exportable product. It is not clear how broadly or narrowly BIS might interpret existing laws and regulations. Finally, Congress may choose to explore other options between eliminating and maintaining restrictions. Examples may include allowing exports of lease condensate—an ultralight hydrocarbon that is typically produced with natural gas—allowing unrestricted exports to Mexico since exports to Canada are not restricted, allowing a certain type of crude (i.e., light/sweet) from a certain location (i.e., Texas) to be exported—much like the California heavy crude oil export exemption—or allowing crude oil exports for a limited time period since U.S. oil production growth is uncertain and may, according to the Energy Information Administration, peak in 2020. The President has the authority to make national interest determinations that would allow for more crude oil exports.
Download or read book U S Crude Oil Export Policy written by Committee on Energy and Natural Resource and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unconventional energy revolution in the United States over the last several years has brought about a new era of energy abundance in the United States. Crude oil production has increased significantly, from 5 million barrels per day in 2008 to over 9 million barrels per day today. In 2013, the United States surpassed Saudi Arabia to become the largest producer of liquid fuels, including oil and refined petroleum products, in the world. The United States is also on the cusp of exporting Liquefied Natural Gas. It is not, however, a major exporter of crude oil. This is not for lack of potential and available supplies. Rather, it is due to laws that restrict the export of this commodity and that were put in place in response to the OPEC oil embargo of the 1970s. Crude oil export restrictions create distortions in the domestic oil market and pose a risk to U.S. oil production growth. They stifle economic growth and also hamper the ability of U.S. foreign policy and national security leaders to seize strategic benefits presented by the energy revolution.
Download or read book The Crude Oil Export Ban Helpful Or Hurtful written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil Export Issues written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Crude Oil Export Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crude Oil Exports written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Download or read book Export Controls on Petroleum written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Trade and Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crude Oil Export Restrictions written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crude Oil Export Restrictions: Studies Suggest Allowing Exports Could Reduce Consumer Fuel Prices
Download or read book Oil to Spare written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Short Supply Export Controls and Legislation to Restrict Log Exports written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Export Control Policy and Extension of the Export Administration Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Limiting Oil Imports written by Douglas R. Bohi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2011. This book presents the results of the third phase of our analysis of U.S. oil imports in relation to U.S. energy policy. It presents a definitive history and analysis of the United States' experiment with formal oil import controls and addresses three questions: The first is how the U.S. energy situation, especially energy security, was affected by what was going on in the rest of the world. The second is the more narrow issue of what energy security options appeared available to the United States from the perspective of the special conditions which existed during 1974-75. The third question, the main subject of this book, and the one with which we initially began, was what lessons might be learned from earlier efforts to limit imports, especially through the Mandatory Oil Import Program.
Download or read book Extension and Revision of the Export Administration Act of 1969 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Administration Annual Report and Report on Foreign Policy Export Controls written by United States. Bureau of Export Administration and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Crude Oil Exports written by Michael Pope and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of advanced oil drilling and extraction technologies (primarily horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing), crude oil production in the United States is growing and, according to Energy Information Administration (EIA) reference case projections, may reach 9.6 million barrels per day by 2019. Production of light tight oil (LTO) is, and is expected to be, the primary contributor to U.S. crude oil production growth in the near to medium term. This book provides background and context about the crude oil legal and regulatory framework, discusses motivations that underlie the desire to export U.S. crude oil, and presents analysis of issues that Congress may choose to consider during debate about U.S. crude oil export policy.
Download or read book U s Natural Gas Exports written by Michael Ratner and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As estimates for the amount of U.S. natural gas resources have grown, so have the prospects of rising U.S. natural gas exports. The United States is expected to go from a net importer of natural gas to a net exporter by 2020. Projects to export liquefied natural gas (LNG) by tanker ship have been proposed—cumulatively accounting for about 12.5% of current U.S. natural gas production—and are at varying stages of regulatory approval. Projects require federal approval under Section 3 of the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. §717b), with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission being the lead authorizing agencies. Pipeline exports, which accounted for 94% of all exports of U.S. produced natural gas in 2010, are also likely to rise. What effect exporting natural gas will have on U.S. prices is the central question in the debate over whether to export. A significant rise in U.S. natural gas exports would likely put upwards pressure on domestic prices, but the magnitude of any rise is currently unclear. There are numerous factors that will affect prices: export volumes, economic growth, differences in local markets, and government regulations, among others. With today's natural gas prices relatively low compared to global prices and historically low for the United States, producers are looking for new markets for their natural gas. Producers contend that increased exports will not raise prices significantly as there is ample supply to meet domestic demand, and there will be the added benefits of increased revenues, trade, and jobs, and less flaring. Consumers of natural gas, who are being helped by the low prices, fear prices will rise if natural gas is exported. Electric power generation represents potentially the greatest increase in natural gas consumption in the U.S. economy, primarily for environmental reasons. Natural gas emits much less carbon dioxide and other pollutants than coal when combusted. Other types of consumption are not likely to increase natural gas demand domestically for a long time. Use in the transportation sector to displace oil is likely to be small because expensive new infrastructure and technologies would be required. There is discussion of a possible revival of the U.S. petrochemicals sector, but the potential extent of a change is unclear. Getting natural gas to markets where it can be consumed, whether domestically or internationally, may be the industry's biggest challenge. Infrastructure constraints, environmental regulations, and other factors will influence how the market adjusts to balance supply and demand. Environmental groups are split regarding natural gas use, with some favoring increased use to curb emissions of certain pollutants, while others oppose expanded use of natural gas because it is not as clean as renewable forms of energy, such as wind or solar. The use of hydraulic fracturing to produce shale gas has also raised concerns among environmental groups particularly concerned with its possible impacts on water quality. The possibility of a significant increase in U.S. natural gas exports will factor into ongoing debates on the economy, energy independence, climate change, and energy security. As the proposed projects continue to develop, policymakers are likely to receive more inquiries about these projects. Proposals to expedite and expand LNG exports have already been raised in the 113th Congress, including in S. 192 and H.R. 580. Two other bills, H.R. 1189 and H.R. 1191, would reform the DOE's process for determining the public interest regarding LNG exports and prohibit exports of natural gas produced on federal lands.
