Download or read book Exploring Sources of Selection on the Multimodal Courtship Displays of Two Sister Species of Wolf Spiders Schizocosa Crassipalpata and Schizocosa Bilineata written by Mitchel D. Bern and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mate Recognition in Wolf Spiders written by Melissa Ann Orr and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual selection and species-recognition are two different processes that can lead to behavioral reproductive isolation. The wolf spiders Schizocosa ocreata and S. rovneri are ethospecies which use distinct multi-modal courtship behavior, containing both visual and vibratory components, to maintain separation. Interspecific hybrids, which can be produced in the lab, perform a courtship display containing key multi-modal elements of both parental species. Without accounting for the multi-modal facets of courtship, laboratory experiments have found that male and female hybrids are behaviorally sterile when paired with either parental species (Stratton & Uetz, 1986). The present study isolates the cues necessary for species recognition in S. ocreata, S. rovneri, and hybrid females. Responses to heterospecific males (mate recognition errors) increase when S. ocreata and S. rovneri females are presented with only one communication mode from heterospecific males. When females are presented with hybrid males, however, results vary. Female S. ocreata and S. rovneri are receptive to hybrids in half of the trials when both primary and secondary cues are present, but show species differences in response across modes. Hybrid females respond less to all courting males, but show the highest receptivity to S. rovneri vibratory courtship. Analysis of the pattern of hybrid male behavior suggests that hybrid males behave in a manner more similar to the species typical behavior of their paternal parent. This study indicates that key species recognition elements are communicated in different sensory systems between the two spider species. These data suggest a potential for natural hybridization under conditions where one mode of communication is absent or constrained and raise questions about the importance of multiple modes of communication.
Download or read book Cognitive Cross modal Integration in a Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz Lycosidae written by Elizabeth C. Kozak and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across animal species, males convey important information to potential mates through signals in multiple sensory modalities. In order to choose the best possible mate, female receivers must accurately perceive and assess male multimodal signals, especially when those signals occur simultaneously with those of other males. Cross-modal integration, i.e., cognitive binding of information transmitted in more than one sensory signal mode, is therefore important in animal communication, especially in complex, noisy environments in which many signals overlap. However, it is currently unknown how perception of multiple, disparate male signals plays a role in female mate choice decisions, especially for invertebrates. Males of the brush-legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) use multimodal communication (visual and vibratory signals) in courtship. Because female S. ocreata may be courted by multiple males at the same time, they must evaluate co-occurring male signals originating from separate locations. Moreover, due to environmental complexity, individual components of male signals may be occluded, altering detection of sensory modes by females. While experiments with live spiders and video playback have shown that female Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders display receptivity to males courting in either isolated signal mode and show increased receptivity for multimodal courtship, it is unknown whether this is the case when females are presented with a choice between multimodal vs. isolated unimodal male courtship signals, and how these preferences are affected by disparity between signals. I first used digital multimodal playback to present females with a choice between 1) isolated unimodal (visuaI or vibratory), 2) multimodal vs. vibratory, and 3) multimodal vs. visual male courtship signals. I next used digital multimodal playback to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal disparity of visual and vibratory components of male courtship signals on female mate choice, and presented females with male courtship signals consisting of components that varied in spatial location or temporal synchrony. When presented with a choice between either isolated unimodal male courtship signal (visual or vibratory), there was no significant difference in the average number of receptive displays directed to either male signal. When presented with a choice between a multimodal male courtship signal and a vibratory male courtship signal, females directed, on average, significantly more receptive displays to the multimodal signal. However, when presented with a choice between multimodal and visual-only male courtship signals, there was no significant difference in receptivity directed by females to either signal, in contrast with the prediction generated from previous research. Females responded to spatially disparate signal components separated by e"90° as though they were separate sources, but responded to slightly disparate signals separated by d"45° as though they originated from a single source. Responses were seen as evidence for cross-modal integration. Temporal disparity (synchrony) in signal modes also affected female receptivity. Females responded more to male signals when visual and vibratory modes were in synchrony than either out-of-synch or interleaved/alternated. These findings are consistent with those seen in both humans and other vertebrates, and provide insight into how animals overcome communication challenges inherent in a complex environment.
Download or read book Mating Behavior and Mate Preference in Schizocosa Ocreata Wolf Spiders written by Stephanie S. Norton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Size, but different tuft sizes) simultaneously in a choice chamber once/day over 4 days. The repeatability of female preference varied with the nature of the choice. Female preference for larger tufts was significant and repeatable (r = 0.65) when choosing between an average male and one with reduced tufts, but not when choosing between an average male and one with enlarged tufts. This may be an indication of a threshold trait. To examine variation in receptivity with age post-adulthood, I studied responses of females to a courting male video. Receptivity varied significantly with age post-adulthood: females were more aggressive and less receptive to video images of courting males in the first week, became significantly more receptive after 3 weeks, and less thereafter. Correlated changes in aggressive and receptivity behavior may suggest a physiological linkage. These studies demonstrate the importance of female focused dies of sexual selection, indicating that the female predominantly controls the mating system of S. ocreata wolf spiders.
Download or read book The Evolution of Courtship Display in Schizocosa Wolf Spiders Araneae Lycosidae written by William James McClintock and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the Maintenance of and Selection on Two Distinct Male Morphs in a Schizocosa Wolf Spider written by Kasey D. Fowler-Finn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reproductive Behavior and Behavior Genetics in Schizocosa Wolf Spiders written by Gail Elizabeth Stratton and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coercive Male Mating Behavior in the Brush legged Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz written by Julianna L. Johns and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercive (forced) mating has evolved in many animal species because it likely increases male fitness. Coercive male mating behavior is uncommon in spiders, as females are larger and potentially cannibalistic. In Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) wolf spiders, females usually respond to male courtship with receptivity, although males sometimes force unreceptive females to copulate. Multivariate analysis of mating trials revealed distinct behavior patterns (e.g., aggressive male behavior; female resistance) allowing designation as coercive vs. cooperative. Males were also observed to use fangs during coercive mating, resulting in hemolymph loss and scarring in females (not seen in unmated females, and less frequent in other matings). Experimental immobilization of male fangs resulted in no significant difference in mating success, but reduced copulation duration compared to controls. The frequency of coercion in this species (11.7% of matings) suggests a possible alternative male behavioral tactic in response to female resistance.
Download or read book Courtship Behavior Acoustic Communication and Reproductive Isolation in Two Sibling Species of Wolf Spiders araneae Lycosidae written by Gail Elizabeth Stratton and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Visual Clues in Species Recognition and Female Choice in Two Schizocosa Wolf Spiders Araneae Lycosidae written by William J. McClintock and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speciation in Birds written by Trevor Price and published by Roberts. This book was released on 2008 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Speciation in Birds, Trevor Price, a University of Chicago professor and leading expert in the field, has written the most authoritative and modern synthesis on the subject to date. In clear and engaging prose and through beautiful illustrations, Price shows us why the field is as exciting and vibrant as ever. He evaluates the roles of natural selection and sexual selection. He asks how speciation contributes to some of the great patterns in species diversity such as the large number of species in the tropics, and the many endemic species on isolated islands. Throughout the book, Price emphasizes the integration of behavior, ecology, and genetics.
Download or read book Spider Research in the 21st Century written by David Penney and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result is a great increase in multi-disciplinary research and novel avenues incorporating spiders as model organisms.
Download or read book Primate Communication written by Katja Liebal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multimodal approach to primate communication with focus on its cognitive foundations and how this relates to theories of language evolution.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Arachnids written by F.G. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arachnids rarely come to mind when one discusses arthropod neurobiology. In fact much more is now known and written about the nervous systems of insects and crustaceans. Several arguments have led us to conclude, however, that the time has come to document impor tant aspects of the neurobiology of spiders, scorpions, and their kin, as well. Studies of arachnid neurobiology have made considerable progress since the last comprehensive treatment by Bullock and Horridge in their monumental monograph on invertebrate nervous systems pub lished in 1965. This is especially true for research performed in the last decade. Several problems related to the structure and function of arachnid nervous and sensory systems have now been studied in con siderable depth but have so far not been given adequate space under one cover. A particular incentive to produce this book has been the impor tance attributed to comparative approaches in neurobiology. Neglect ing a large taxonomic group such as the arachnids - which comprises some 60,000 species living a wide range of different lives - would mean ignoring an enormous potential source of knowledge. In writing the chapters of this book we have striven to present some of the unique features of the arachnids. But the result of our efforts is not just meant to contribute to an understanding of the particularities of the arach nids.
Download or read book Animal Signals written by Yngve Espmark and published by Tapir Academic Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we explain the peacock's beautiful tail decorations, or the wonderful song of the nightingale? Why are some smells nice and others nasty? How do animals signal their intentions and qualities to potential partners? How do offspring tell parents about their needs? Are signals tuned to the environment, and to the mental abilities of receivers? Essential for understanding how animals cope with their ecological and social environment, the study of animal signals is one of the most active research areas in evolutionary biology. Understanding the signalling systems of nature has wide-ranging relevance including biological conservation and human communication. Written by international scientists, this is a comprehensive overview of the fascinating diversity of animal signals and signalling functions. Combining reviews and research, the book is aimed at both students and professional scientists.
Download or read book Spiders of Connecticut written by Benjamin Julian Kaston and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studying Vibrational Communication written by Reginald B. Cocroft and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the key ideas, questions and methods involved in studying the hidden world of vibrational communication in animals. The authors dispel the notion that this form of communication is difficult to study and show how vibrational signaling is a key to social interactions in species that live in contact with a substrate, whether it be a grassy lawn, a rippling stream or a tropical forest canopy. This ancient and widespread form of social exchange is also remarkably understudied. A frontier in animal behavior, it offers unparalleled opportunities for discovery and for addressing general questions in communication and social evolution. In addition to reviews of advances made in the study of several animal taxa, this volume also explores topics such as vibrational communication networks, the interaction of acoustic and vibrational communication, the history of the field, the evolution of signal production and reception and establishing a common vocabulary.
