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Book Exploring Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses    Affective Responses to Providing End of life Care

Download or read book Exploring Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses Affective Responses to Providing End of life Care written by Stephanie Lynn Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significance. The Joint Commission established standards to evaluate comprehensive end-of-life infant care and the positive outcomes of such care are well documented. However, findings from multiple studies conducted over the last decade indicate that end-of-life care in the neonatal intensive care unit is not provided consistently or holistically to all dying infants. Because nurses are the healthcare professionals most often responsible for providing this care, anything that detracts from their ability to provide it, including their own affective responses, needs to be addressed. Aim. The purpose of this study was to explore—through lived and told stories—the affective, interactional, and meaning-related responses that NICU nurses have while caring for dying infants and their families. Sample, Design, and Methods. Neonatal intensive care nurses were recruited through the online membership discussion boards of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses. Participants were asked to access an online survey link and provide a written narrative describing an end-of-life care situation in which they experienced strong emotions. Demographic data also were collected. Findings. Narrative analysis revealed many affective responses, but three were the most frequent: responsibility, moral distress, and identification. Feelings of responsibility included (a) a commitment to deliver the best end-of-life care possible, (b) professional inadequacy, (c) disbelief, and d) advocacy. Feelings associated with moral distress were quite common and often related to conflicts between nurses, physicians, and families. Nurses reported feelings of identification with families of dying infants through (a) sharing their grief, (b) forming excess attachments, and (c) experiencing survivor-like guilt. Implications. Nurse educators are encouraged to discuss more extensively and perhaps through the use of simulation, the positive and negative emotions that may be experienced by nurses who are involved in end-of-life care situations. Nurse leaders are encouraged to promote supportive environments in NICUs and ensure debriefing opportunities for nurses who have recently cared for a dying infant. Significant associations, such as NICU nurses not perceiving their EOLC education as being helpful in providing that care clinically and the percentage of NICU nurses reporting the presence of an end-of-life care policy in their units of employment, also merit further examination.

Book Why is End of Life Care Delivery Sporadic

Download or read book Why is End of Life Care Delivery Sporadic written by Valerie Wright and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Infant Mortality Statistics, 28,384 infants died in the United States in 2005. These 28,384 infants are most often given resuscitative measures in the delivery room and then brought to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for further care and treatment; however, all infants do not survive, and it then becomes the responsibility of the NICU staff to provide end-of-life care for the infants and their families. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the barriers to and facilitators of providing end-of-life care in order to gain a greater understanding of why end-of-life care is often sporadic. A convenience sample of 75 NICU nurses was utilized. There was a 66.7% response rate of nurses completing The Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale questionnaire. This quantitative, descriptive study explored the barriers to and facilitators of neonatal nurses providing palliative care. This research study identified five barriers and eight facilitators to palliative care practice in the NICU. The five barriers were the inability to express opinions; values and beliefs regarding palliative care; less than ideal physical environment; technological imperatives; parental demands; and finally, lack of education. The eight facilitators were supportive medical staff; parental involvement of decisions; parents informed of options; support from medical team when palliative care; and available counseling. Upon review of these barriers and facilitators outlined in this study, the NICU can thoroughly evaluate palliative care practices and make needed changes based on the results. Further research is warranted regarding palliative care education implementation in the NICU.

Book Neonatal Palliative Care for Nurses

Download or read book Neonatal Palliative Care for Nurses written by Alexandra Mancini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook details the nursing care of babies with life limiting conditions and sets the context within the philosophy of internationally collaborative neonatal palliative care emphasising emotional and practical support for their families. Currently, increasing interest from nursing and medical fields regarding palliative care for babies in the antenatal and neonatal period is evident. This innovative and unique text provides experienced nurses and student nurses alike with realistic guidance in caring for babies with palliative care needs, alongside the crucial support for their families and identifies important strategies for professional self care. Nursing experts in this field collaborated to develop a reference book which supports holistic and integrated clinical practice. Parents’ experiences of what they consider helpful or not so helpful are interwoven throughout the chapter. There is currently no other textbook which offers the above information and guidance specifically for nurses and allied health professionals. As such this book will appeal to all nurses and health professionals working within the neonatal palliative care specialty in a global context.

Book Online End of life Care Education in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Download or read book Online End of life Care Education in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit written by Valerie Marie Wright and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research exists regarding the need for providing training related to end-of-life care as well as the need to evaluate this type of training in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. One potential format for this training is online in nature. The following problem statement was addressed within this direct practice improvement project: It was not known if an online end-of-life training session with NICU Nurses in the Midwestern Level III NICU would have an impact on their level of comfort with providing end-of-life care. The clinical question addressed was: In NICU nurses who attend a voluntary end-of-life online training session, does their level of comfort increase with providing end-of-life care compared to their level of comfort prior to the end-of-life online training? The level of comfort was analyzed by comparing the NICU nurses responses to the BEACONNS survey assessing their level of comfort with providing of end-of-life care before and after the online end-of-life training. Prior to the online end-of-life training session, the mean BEACONNS score was 3.58 (SD = .81) and after the training, the mean BEACONNS score was 4.07 (SD = .77). There was a statistically significant increase in the BEACONNS score after the online end-of-life training session t(13) = 5.732, p = .000 (one-tailed). The mean increase in BEACONNS score was .48 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from .30 to .67. These results provide the data necessary to not only implement the BEACONNS tool into clinical practice, but also the online training option.

Book Perinatal Palliative Care

    Book Details:
  • Author : Erin M. Denney-Koelsch
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release : 2020-02-05
  • ISBN : 3030347516
  • Pages : 443 pages

Download or read book Perinatal Palliative Care written by Erin M. Denney-Koelsch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is a first-of-its-kind resource that comprehensively covers each facet and challenge of providing optimal perinatal palliative care. Designed for a wide and multi-disciplinary audience, the subjects covered range from theoretical to the clinical and the practically relevant, and all chapters include case studies that provide real-world scenarios as additional teaching tools for the reader. Perinatal Palliative Care: A Clinical Guide is divided into four sections. Part One provides the foundation, covering an overview of the field, key theories that guide the practice of perinatal palliative care, and includes a discussion of perinatal ethics and parental experiences and needs upon receiving a life-limiting fetal diagnosis. Part Two delves further into practical clinical care, guiding readers through issues of obstetrical management, genetic counseling, neonatal pain management, non-pain symptom management, spiritual care, and perinatal bereavement care. Part Three discusses models of perinatal palliative care, closely examining evidence for different types of PPC programs: from hospital-based programs, to community-based care, and examines issues of interdisciplinary PPC care coordination, birth planning, and team support. Finally, Part Four concludes the book with a close look at special considerations in the field. In this section, racial, ethnic, and cultural perspectives and implications for PPC are discussed, along with lessons in how to provide PPC for a wide-range of clinical and other healthcare workers. The book closes with a look to the future of the field of perinatal palliative care. Thorough and practical, Perinatal Palliative Care: A Clinical Guide is an ideal resource for any healthcare practitioner working with these vulnerable patient populations, from palliative care specialists, to obstetricians, midwifes, neonatologists, hospice providers, nurses, doulas, social workers, chaplains, therapists, ethicists, and child life specialists.

Book Deciding who Lives

    Book Details:
  • Author : Renee R. Anspach
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 1993-01-01
  • ISBN : 9780520052680
  • Pages : 303 pages

Download or read book Deciding who Lives written by Renee R. Anspach and published by . This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this powerful and probing look at the reality of everyday choices in neonatal intensive care units, Rene Anspach explores the life-and-death dilemmas that have fueled national debate. Using case studies taken during sixteen months of extensive interviewing and observation, Anspach examines the roles of parents, doctors, nurses, and bioethicists in deciding whether critically ill newborns--be they premature, terminally ill, or severely malformed--should be saved by medical technology, or at least kept alive a little longer. In this powerful and probing look at the reality of everyday choices in neonatal intensive care units, Rene Anspach explores the life-and-death dilemmas that have fueled national debate. Using case studies taken during sixteen months of extensive interviewing and observation, Anspach examines the roles of parents, doctors, nurses, and bioethicists in deciding whether critically ill newborns--be they premature, terminally ill, or severely malformed--should be saved by medical technology, or at least kept alive a little longer.

Book Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care

Download or read book Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care written by Joanne Wolfe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care provides a uniquely integrated, comprehensive resource about palliative care for seriously ill children and their families. The field of palliative care is based on the fundamental principle that an interdisciplinary team is optimal in caring for patients and their families throughout the illness trajectory. The text integrates themes including goals of care, discipline-specific roles, cultural and spiritual considerations, evidence-based outcomes, and far more. It emphasizes the value of words and high-quality communication in palliative care. Importantly, content acknowledges challenging periods between team members, and how those can ultimately benefit team, patient, and family care outcomes. Each chapter includes the perspective of the family of a seriously ill child in the form of a vignette to promote care team understanding of this crucial perspective. This second edition is founded on a wealth of evidence that reflects the innovations in pediatric palliative care science over the past 10 years, including initiatives in clinical care, research, and education. Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care is appropriate for all pediatric palliative clinicians (PPC), including physicians, nurses, psychosocial clinicians, chaplains, and many others. All subspecialists who deliver care to seriously ill children, will find this book a must-have for their work. Advance Praise for Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care, Second Edition "This new edition is as much a testament to pediatric palliative care's remarkable evolution as a field as it is a quintessential playbook for providing the high-quality holistic and compassionate care that families with seriously ill children desperately want. Every page thoughtfully weaves together how interprofessional teams can contribute collaboratively to learning about and supporting the preferences, needs and priorities of the precious patients and families in their circle of care. It is a must read for all practitioners to enhance their palliative care understanding, appreciation and ability as a foundation for optimizing quality of life in practice." - Rebecca Kirch, JD, Executive Vice President of Policy and Programs, National Patient Advocate Foundation "This book offers a truly contemporary and comprehensive view of the entire field of pediatric palliative care. The focus on social determinants of health, cultural humility, and disparities in care could not be timelier, and the section highlighting conflict and conflict resolution should be required reading. The continued and purposeful inclusion of interdisciplinary clinicians in producing each chapter models the palliative care team itself-an approach in which all voices are necessary as we seek to provide the most compassionate care possible." - Rachel Thienprayoon, MD, MSCS, FAAP, FAAHPM, Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Medical Director, StarShine Hospice and Palliative Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Book Parent Perspectives of Neonatal Intensive Care at the End of life and Subsequent Bereavement and Coping Experiences After Infant Death

Download or read book Parent Perspectives of Neonatal Intensive Care at the End of life and Subsequent Bereavement and Coping Experiences After Infant Death written by Erin R. Currie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Little is known about parent experiences with end-of-life and palliative care consultation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The purpose of this study was to: (a) describe parent experiences related to their infant's NICU hospitalization, end-of-life care, and palliative care consultation, and (b) parents' bereavement and coping experiences after infant death. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was used to explore and describe parent experiences during their infant's hospitalization in the NICU and bereavement and coping experiences after infant death. Ten parents (seven mothers and three fathers) of infants who had previously died in the NICU were recruited using convenience sampling methods until data saturation was met. Background information was obtained from a demographic questionnaire. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: In-person semi-structured interviews revealed two major themes with five categories. "Life and Death in the NICU Environment" was the first major theme with the following categories: (a) the ups and downs of parenting in the NICU, (b) decisionmaking challenges in the NICU, and (c) parent support. "Life after Loss" was the second major theme that emerged from the interviews with the following categories: (a) living with loss and (b) coping with grief over time. Conclusions: "Being a parent" was extremely important for these participants regardless of the infant's prognosis. Nurses played a critical role in facilitating parenting in the NICU. Parents encountered various challenges in the NICU and reported several sources of support that helped them through the hospitalization. Although barriers to initiating palliative care consultation were present, palliative care was a helpful source of support for parents in the NICU. Living with infant loss was a catastrophic and life-changing event for these parents. Coping with infant death proved to be a complex process that evolved over time. Parents oscillated between focusing on the loss and living in a world without their infant. The results from this study suggest there are areas for improvement in the provision of end-of-life and palliative care in the NICU that may be addressed by further research efforts and changes in practice and policy.

Book Developmentally Supportive Care

Download or read book Developmentally Supportive Care written by Margaret Eichel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Core Curriculum for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing   E Book

Download or read book Core Curriculum for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing E Book written by AWHONN and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perfect as a resource in the field or for exam preparation, this authoritative reference from the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) includes in-depth coverage of the most common neonatal disorders and their management. The concise outline format highlights the essentials of each condition including definition, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and outcomes to help you find important information quickly. This new edition also features an increased focus on evidence-based practice, new CAMTS and AAMS guidelines, new techniques for PICC placement, and changes to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program. All necessary information to prepare for the neonatal intensive care nursing certification examination is included. Concise outline format provides access to important nursing considerations associated with the management of the most common conditions in the neonate. Text provides a collaborative effort between the three most authoritative associations in neonatal intensive care nursing - AWHONN, AACN, and NANN. Information on families, ethics, legal issues, research, case management, and the transition to home acknowledge the full scope of neonatal nursing practice. NEW! CAMTS and AAMS guidelines, techniques for PICC placement, and changes to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program are just a few of the updates that reveal the importance the new edition places on safety practices and procedures. NEW! Updated chapter on Patient Safety includes selected improvement strategies and resources for neonatal nurses to build a patient safety toolkit, discusses TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety), and recognizes human issues, such as shift work and fatigue. NEW! Increased focus on evidence-based practice for preterm infants, medications, and antepartum-intrapartum complications sets the standard for neonatal nursing practice. NEW! Strategies to promote inclusionary care better reflect nursing care today by focusing on family-centered care, comprehensive perinatal records, health care teams in the NICU, and best practices in the care of the late preterm infant. NEW! Comprehensively revised chapter on Immunology identifies risk factors for infection associated with term and preterm infants, distinguishes clinical symptoms and therapies associated with TORCHES CLAP spectrum infections, and includes prevention strategies for hospital-acquired infections. NEW! Thoroughly updated content and references reflect currency and technologic advances. NEW! Refocused chapter on Developmental Care guides the nurse to use assessment within the context of the environment and situation to initiate interventions in the moment or use patterns of responses for developing plans of care and presents core measures on evaluating developmental care practices in the NICU.

Book Trauma Informed Care in the NICU

Download or read book Trauma Informed Care in the NICU written by Mary Coughlin, RN, MS, NNP and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-08-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative book for Neonatal Nurses and NICU clinicians provides evidence-based clinical guidelines proven to mitigate and reduce the often profound trauma experience and subsequent developmental challenges for vulnerable hospitalized infants and their families. Each in-depth guideline includes the latest scientific research explaining the clinical rationale for the recommended practices, associated short-term and long-term outcomes, and implementation strategies to support practice improvement. The text reflects a trend —the provision of trauma-informed care in the neonatal intensive care unit--that has recently gained increasing momentum. With endorsements by respected transdisciplinary neonatal clinicians, it provides guidelines that encompass the five core measures for age-appropriate care, including the Healing Environment, Pain and Stress, Protected Sleep, Activities for Daily Living, Age-Appropriate Infant Guided Feeding, and Family-Integrated Care. The book also features downloadable sample competencies and parent teaching guides, along with additional eLearning modules with Nursing CE. A self-assessment checklist and teaching sheets, sample competencies, and sample algorithms add to the book’s utility. Key Features: Provides clinically relevant, evidence-based practice guidelines for minimizing trauma in neonates Encompasses the five core measures for age-appropriate care Includes proven implementation strategies to facilitate practice transformation Offers downloadable sample competencies and parent teaching guides and eLearning modules with Nursing CE Reviewed and endorsed by transdisciplinary neonatal clinicians [EN1] Not sure I like this word – maybe a development, awareness, etc.?

Book Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing

Download or read book Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing written by Glenys Boxwell (Connolly) and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-04-29 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, this new edition of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing is a comprehensive, evidence-based text for nurses and midwives caring for sick newborn babies. Written by and for nurses, it concentrates on the common problems occurring within the neonatal intensive care unit. This user-friendly text will enable nurses to recognise, rationalise and remedy these problems using both a multi-systems and an evidence-based approach. Individual chapters include: Professional Development • Developmentally-focused Nursing Care • Resuscitation of the Newborn • Management of Thermal Stability • Management of Respiratory Disorders • Cardiovascular Management • Brain Injury in the Preterm Infant • Haematological Problems • Pain Management • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance • Nutritional management • Neonatal Infection • Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures • Neonatal Anaesthesia • Surgical Aspects of Neonatal Intensive Care • Neonatal Transport • Family Support • Ethics and Neonatal Nursing • Medication in the Newborn • Death and Dying in the Neonatal Unit It is essential reading for experienced nurses and midwives caring for sick newborn babies within the neonatal intensive care unit, for nurses undertaking qualifications in the specialism of neonatal nursing and for pre-registration students undertaking relevant modules or placements.

Book Handbook of Perinatal and Neonatal Palliative Care

Download or read book Handbook of Perinatal and Neonatal Palliative Care written by Rana Limbo, PhD, RN, CPLC, FAAN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first resource of its kind, this authoritative handbook holistically addresses the multidimensional aspects of perinatal and neonatal palliative care. Written by an interprofessional team of renowned specialists, it is both a text and an evidencebased reference for all members of the palliative care team. This book helps individual team members forge interdisciplinary approaches to care, assess current programs, improve the quality of care, and tailor new models of care. Encompassing the perspectives of numerous multidisciplinary healthcare providers, the book underscores the unique aspects of perinatal and neonatal palliative care, with a focus on improving quality of life, as well as comfort at the end of life. It describes healthcare for neonates and pregnant mothers, care and support of the family, planning and decision-making, and effective support for grief and bereavement, addressing all palliative and neonatal care settings. Other chapters focus on the prenatal period after diagnosis of the expected baby's life-threatening condition. These include such topics as care of the mother, delivering devastating news, and advance care planning. Each chapter contains photos, figures, and/or tables and case studies with clinical implications and critical thinking questions. Also included is an extensive listing of relevant palliative care organizations. Paintings and poetry provide an artistic backdrop to the authors' inspiring words. Key Features: Addresses a growing need for specific provider resources in neonatal palliative care Covers the clinical and emotional aspects of palliative care for babies and their families Abundant resources for effective and compassionate family-centered care Case studies with critical thinking questions Accompanying video clips of healthcare and family interactions Supplemental image bank included

Book Pediatric Palliative Care

Download or read book Pediatric Palliative Care written by Betty Ferrell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric palliative care is a field of significant growth as health care systems recognize the benefits of palliative care in areas such as neonatal intensive care, pediatric ICU, and chronic pediatric illnesses. Pediatric Palliative Care, the fourth volume in the HPNA Palliative Nursing Manuals series, highlights key issues related to the field. Chapters address pediatric hospice, symptom management, pediatric pain, the neonatal intensive care unit, transitioning goals of care between the emergency department and intensive care unit, and grief and bereavement in pediatric palliative care. The content of the concise, clinically focused volumes in the HPNA Palliative Nursing Manuals series is one resource for nurses preparing for specialty certification exams and provides a quick-reference in daily practice. Plentiful tables and patient teaching points make these volumes useful resources for nurses.

Book Disenfranchised Grief

Download or read book Disenfranchised Grief written by Kenneth J. Doka and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 1989-08-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive exploration of grief by leading researchers and mental health care professionals; grief as an entirely natural response to loss and the consequences when the grief or loss is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly shared.

Book Advances in Neonatology

    Book Details:
  • Author : Lucky Jain
  • Publisher : Clinics: Internal Medicine
  • Release : 2009
  • ISBN : 9781437705201
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Advances in Neonatology written by Lucky Jain and published by Clinics: Internal Medicine. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Pediatric Clinics offers an update on Advances in Neonatology. Guest Editors Drs. Lucky Jain and David Carlton have assembled a panel of world-class experts who offer reviews on topics including Trends in birthing, gestational age, birth weight and mortality in newborns; Late Prematurity; Advances in newborn resuscitation; Approaches to infants with congenital anomalies; Advances in neonatal surgery; Respiratory failure in the term and near term infant; Mechanical ventilation of the newborn; Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Necrotising enterocolitis; Hyperbilirubinemia; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Surgical approaches to an infant with congenital heart disease; Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; Neonatal sepsis; and Quality improvement in neonatology.

Book A Guide to Qualitative Meta synthesis

Download or read book A Guide to Qualitative Meta synthesis written by Deborah Finfgeld-Connett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Guide to Qualitative Meta-synthesis provides accessible guidelines for conducting all phases of theory-generating meta-synthesis research, including data collection, analysis, and theory generation. It is a research methodology that is designed to generate evidence-based theory by extracting, analyzing, and synthesizing qualitative findings from across published investigations. These theories provide scaffolding that can be used by health-care providers and other professionals to make context-based decisions and implement situation-specific actions. Theory-generating meta-synthesis methods stem from the qualitative research paradigm, especially grounded theory. Systematic and rigorous methods are used to identify topically related research reports that provide qualitative findings for analysis. The subsequent analysis of the data goes beyond merely reorganizing and recategorizing research findings. Newly synthesized concepts are developed, and the dynamic relationships among them are fully articulated. The validity of the resultant theory is ensured based on theoretical, methodological, and researcher triangulation; unbiased data collection and sampling strategies; inductive-deductive data analysis and synthesis strategies; and continuous reflexivity. Meta-synthesis-generated theories are highly important in environments where the use of normalized algorithms, guidelines, and protocols are on the rise. The types of theories discussed in this book will help service providers customize standardized tools so that the most effective evidence-based, yet individualized, interventions can be implemented.