Download or read book Exploring Fast Neutron Computed Tomography for Non destructive Evaluation of Additive Manufactured Parts written by Ibrahim Oksuz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron imaging is one of the most powerful non-invasive investigation modalities that finds many applications in various fields such as nuclear industry, homeland security, battery research, and archeology. It provides information about the internal structures of an object as neutrons are absorbed and transmitted at different levels in the object in question. It is complementary to X-ray imaging due to the different interaction mechanisms of X-ray and neutrons with materials. Neutron imaging applications can employ neutrons with different energies. Fast (MeV) neutrons have some advantages such as causing less radioactive transmutation in samples and providing deeper penetration which allows for exploring thicker and denser samples. It also provides good contrast images of objects made of a mix of hydrogenous and metallic elements. With the advent of the CCD technology, new opportunities have become available to perform neutron radiography, which provides 2D images of objects, and tomography, which yields information about objects in 3D, more efficiently. Digital neutron radiography allows the collection and storage the information in a digital environment, which enables a better and quicker data analysis. However, performing neutron imaging requires a well-characterized neutron source and a proper neutron imager, especially if fast neutrons are utilized as their interaction cross sections with materials are relatively smaller. This work explores the advancement of the fast neutron radiograph and tomography. The work includes studies comprising characterizing neutron detectors for fast imaging application, characterizing a fast neutron beam facility, performing fast neutron tomography using various imaging phantoms, and investigating spatial resolution in a fast neutron imaging system. In one study, Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) (C9H10) based plastic scintillators with different dimensions and flours were investigated in terms of their relative light outputs and spatial resolutions. Due to high hydrogen concentration, PVT scintillators would be a suitable candidate since fast neutrons deposit higher energy as they interact mainly via elastic scattering reactions. This study resulted that thicker scintillators yield higher light output due to a higher amount of scintillation materials whereas they performed worse in spatial resolution because of more neutrons and light scattering. Another study was related to characterizing the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR)’ recently built fast neutron beam facility. Models of the beamline and beam stop were created, and Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to determine the neutron energy spectrum, neutron, and gamma-ray flux, and dose rate distributions. Various thermal neutron filters were investigated, and Cadmium ratios that they provide were experimentally determined. Gamma-ray content in the beam was obtained using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeters. Another study investigates fast neutron computed tomography (nCT) using custom-made multi-material complex objects. Total nCT data collection time was as low as 2 hours for some objects. Various materials were resolved in 3D reconstructed images of the objects. Low-Z materials comprising the objects were revealed while being shielded behind high-Z materials. The last study in this work is about the investigation of the possible effects on the system's spatial resolution in a fast neutron imaging system. Results showed that the thicker imaging objects deteriorate the spatial resolution due to the neutron scattering. Simulations provided that the neutron interaction kinematics in PVTs would also degrade the spatial resolution.

Download or read book Neutron Imaging written by Dinesh K. Aswal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively presents the concepts of neutron physics and imaging including neutron properties, neutron matter interaction, neutron imaging, comparison with X-ray and physics and design of neutron sources. It discusses how neutron imaging has gained importance as a powerful non-destructive technique to understand the internal structures of materials/engineered components in wide range of industries by increasing their applicability and efficiency. The book also covers the topics of neutron optics and detectors, basic principles of neutron radiography and tomography, related standards, safety, metrology and regulations in neutron imaging. The book presents applications of neutron imaging in the areas of aerospace industry, nuclear power and manufacturing industry, materials science and engineering, geomechanics, national security, biological, and medical domain. Given its scope, the book will be highly beneficial for postgraduate students, researchers and industry professionals working in the area of engineering and physics, especially non-destructive testing and non-destructive evaluation through neutron imaging.

Download or read book Practical Applications of Neutron Radiography and Gaging written by H. Berger and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1976 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neutron Imaging and Applications written by Ian S. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron Imaging and Applications offers an introduction to the basics of neutron beam production in addition to the wide scope of techniques that enhance imaging application capabilities. An instructional overview of neutron sources, detectors, optics and spin-filters allows readers to delve more deeply into the discussions of radiography, tomography and prospective applications available in neutron holography techniques. A section devoted to current applications describes imaging single grains in polycrystalline materials, neutron imaging of geological materials and other materials science and engineering areas. Coverage of thermal neutron imaging of biological tissues, plant physiology, Homeland Security and contraband detection explore the future prospects of this cutting-edge research. Written by key experts in the field, researchers and engineers involved with imaging technologies will find Neutron Imaging and Applications a valuable reference.

Download or read book Neutron Radiography written by Harold Berger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neutron Radiography written by Garbe,U. and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron radiography represents a powerful non-destructive testing technique that is still very much in development. The book reveals the amazing diversity of scientific and industrial applications of this technique, the advancements of the state-of-art neutron facilities, the latest method developments, and the expected future of neutron imaging.

Download or read book Simulated Neutron Tomography for Nondestructive Assays written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of an on-going research project to assess the use of resonance-neutron computed-tomography for the assay of fissile materials will be discussed. A simulation study has indicated the potential value of this technique for the nondestructive inspection of a standard to be fabricated by the National Bureau of Standards.

Download or read book Development of a Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography System at a University Research Reactor written by Derek Anderson Haas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron radiography is a non-destructive analysis tool that complements X-ray transmission radiography. The use of neutrons provides the ability to image the interior of an object that has a metal core of steel or lead that would shield the interior from X-ray inspection. Neutron tomography is the use of a set of images of a single sample taken at various angles to produce a three dimensional rendition of the sample that greatly increases the effectiveness of neutron radiography as a non-destructive testing tool. A neutron radiography and tomography system has been built at the 1.1 MW TRIGA Mark II nuclear research reactor at The University of Texas at Austin in the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab. The Texas Neutron Imaging Facility is located on beam port five of the reactor and is housed in a shielding cave made of concrete to minimize radiation dose to users. The system itself integrates a sample positioning system and neutron sensitive camera through the use of a control code written in National Instruments Labview software. The code was written to increase the efficiency of the imaging process and to provide flexibility in the system. Precise sample positioning and timing of image acquisition provided by the code allows for the collection of data that can be used in computed tomography. The system has produced results in the form of radiographs and 3-D reconstructions of sample objects.

Download or read book Characterization of a Neutron Imaging Platform Utilizing a Compact Electronic Neutron Generator for Evaluation of Analog and Digital Neutron Imaging Methods and Techniques written by Michael James Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike X-Rays that interact strongly with the electron cloud surrounding atoms, neutrons interact very weakly with these electrons, but quite strongly with the nucleus of the atom. X-Rays follow a nearly linear trend of decreasing transmission as the atomic number of the element increases. Neutrons follow no such behavior and certain isotopes of elements such as lithium, boron, cadmium, and gadolinium interact very strongly with neutrons, unlike dense elements such as lead or tungsten. This gives neutrons a unique probing capability where X-Rays do not suffice. Neutron imaging is widely used in the commercial sector for munitions and critical aerospace component inspection as well as in the research realm for biological forensics, cultural heritage providence studies, and capturing repetitive processes such as cyclical fluid motion in rotating motors. Current neutron sources are typically nuclear reactors and spallation sources that provide incredibly high neutron yields and flux for the images, leading to reduced image times and/or high spatial resolution as well as new imaging techniques such as computed tomography, polarized neutron imaging, and phase contrast imaging. However, such sources are very expensive, require thorough regulatory oversight, and pose biological hazards from spent nuclear materials. Smaller sources such as sealed tube deuterium-deuterium or deuterium-tritium sources can allow for in-field inspection at a fraction of the cost of a reactor, but don't necessarily provide fast image acquisitions or adequate image quality. This thesis explores a system that is intended to fill the space between weak portable devices and strong, costly, immobile ones. An accelerator-based neutron generator has been designed and manufactured by Phoenix LLC in Madison, WI. This system operates on the principle of deuterium-deuterium fusion, which releases a free 2.45MeV (nominal) neutron in the fusion process. The system can be installed and commissioned in different locations throughout its lifetime and provides for in-field or commercial inspection of components. It has a neutron yield several orders of magnitude higher than sealed-tube neutron sources. The goal herein was to: enhance the performance of the neutron generator through careful beamline design from the source to the target to obtain the maximum neutron yield, optimize the geometry of the neutron moderator and collimator to maximize the imaging metrics of a thermalized and collimated neutron beam free of background gamma and fast neutron radiation contamination, and find efficient neutron detector solutions that can capture high-quality neutron images. Monte Carlo simulations were extensively employed for these optimization efforts. The system has been shown to produce high quality neutron radiographs in terms of contrast, noise, and resolution, using many different techniques for imaging. Many materials were explored for moderation and shielding, and many neutron detectors were researched and experimented with to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages for their use on the Phoenix neutron imaging system. Sample images will be shown and discussed including conventional radiography using medical, industrial, and photographic film, 2-dimension digital imaging using pixelated cameras such as Charge Coupled Devices (CCD), Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors (CMOS), amorphous Silicon (aSi), and Computed Radiography (CR). Neutron Computed Tomography (nCT) is demonstrated as a 3-dimensional imaging technique as well. Case studies will be discussed and options for further optimization for collimator, moderator, and detector designs will be outlined. Recommendations for future research will be discussed in the final chapter.

Download or read book Proceedings of a Technical Session on Neutron Radiography written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three New Nondestructive Evaluation Tools Based on High Flux Neutron Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nondestructive evaluation methods and systems based on specific attributes of neutron interactions with materials are being developed. The special attributes of neutrons are low attenuation in most engineering materials, strong interaction with low Z elements, and epithermal neutron absorption resonances. The three methods under development at ORNL include neutron based tomography and radiography; through thickness, nondestructive texture mapping; and internal, noninvasive temperature measurement. All three techniques require high flux sources such as the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a steady state source, or the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator, a pulsed neutron source. Neutrons are quite penetrating in most engineering materials and thus can be useful to detect internal flaws and features. Hydrogen atoms, such as in a hydrocarbon fuel, lubricant, or a metal hydride, are relatively opaque to neutron transmission and thus neutron based tomography/radiography is ideal to image their presence. Texture, the nonrandom orientation of crystalline grains within materials, can be mapped nondestructively using neutron diffraction methods. Epithermal neutron resonance absorption is being studied as a noncontacting temperature sensor. This paper highlights the underlying physics of the methods, progress in development, and the potential benefits for science and industry of the three facilities.

Download or read book Neutron Radiography written by Harold Berger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron radiography is becoming a well established nondestructive testing (NDT) method. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) has recognized the method through its recommended practice SNT-TCIA which outlines training, knowledge, and experience necessary to obtain levels of competency in the method. Certification of nondestructive testing personnel is also covered in a military standard. Technical publications in the field of NDT and nuclear technology carry articles on neutron radiography and technical meetings include papers or even entire sessions on neutron radiography. There is an on-going series of international conferences on neutron radiography. Many books are available to provide introductory and advanced material on neutron radiographic techniques and applications. Neutron radiography as a service for hire is available, similar to that offered for other NDT services. The method is being adopted to solve NDT problems in specialty areas. The objective of this report is to provide a brief survey of the current state of the art in the use of neutron radiography. The survey will include information on the technique including principles of the method, sources of neutrons, detection methodology, standards and image quality indicators, and representative applications. An extensive reference list provides additional information for those who wish to investigate further and a Glossary is included which provides definitions for terms used in Neutron Radiography.

Download or read book Industrial X Ray Computed Tomography written by Simone Carmignato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray computed tomography has been used for several decades as a tool for measuring the three-dimensional geometry of the internal organs in medicine. However, in recent years, we have seen a move in manufacturing industries for the use of X-ray computed tomography; first to give qualitative information about the internal geometry and defects in a component, and more recently, as a fully-quantitative technique for dimensional and materials analysis. This trend is primarily due to the ability of X-ray computed tomography to give a high-density and multi-scale representation of both the external and internal geometry of a component, in a non-destructive, non-contact and relatively fast way. But, due to the complexity of X-ray computed tomography, there are remaining metrological issues to solve and the specification standards are still under development. This book will act as a one-stop-shop resource for students and users of X-ray computed tomography in both academia and industry. It presents the fundamental principles of the technique, detailed descriptions of the various components (hardware and software), current developments in calibration and performance verification and a wealth of example applications. The book will also highlight where there is still work to do, in the perspective that X-ray computed tomography will be an essential part of Industry 4.0.

Download or read book Metal Additive Manufacturing written by Dyuti Sarker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING A comprehensive review of additive manufacturing processes for metallic structures Additive Manufacturing (AM)—also commonly referred to as 3D printing—builds three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in additive manufacturing research and development by governments and corporations worldwide. This technology has the potential to replace many conventional manufacturing processes, enable the development of new industry practices, and transform the entire manufacturing enterprise. Metal Additive Manufacturing provides an up-to-date review of all essential physics of metal additive manufacturing techniques with emphasis on both laser-based and non-laser-based additive manufacturing processes. This comprehensive volume covers fundamental processes and equipment, governing physics and modelling, design and topology optimization, and more. The text adresses introductory, intermediate, and advanced topics ranging from basic additive manufacturing process classification to practical and material design aspects of additive manufacturability. Written by a panel of expert authors in the field, this authoritative resource: Provides a thorough analysis of AM processes and their theoretical foundations Explains the classification, advantages, and applications of AM processes Describes the equipment required for different AM processes for metallic structures, including laser technologies, positioning devices, feeder and spreader mechanisms, and CAD software Discusses the opportunities, challenges, and current and emerging trends within the field Covers practical considerations, including design for AM, safety, quality assurance, automation, and real-time control of AM processes Includes illustrative cases studies and numerous figures and tables Featuring material drawn from the lead author’s research and professional experience on laser additive manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing is an important source for manufacturing professionals, research and development engineers in the additive industry, and students and researchers involved in mechanical, mechatronics, automatic control, and materials engineering and science.

Download or read book Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4 0 written by Norbert Meyendorf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page 1263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook comprehensively covers the cutting-edge trends and techniques essential for the integration of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) into the changing face of the modern industrial landscape. In particular, it delves into the marriage of NDE with new techniques in e.g. data mining, cloud computing and autonomous operation, highlighting the potential for cyber-physical controlled production and discussing the myriad possible applications across many different industries. The Handbook of NDE 4.0 centers around the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 – the next generation of industrial production encompassing all aspects of networking across all industrial areas. It discusses the adaptation of existing NDE techniques to emerging new technological areas, such as 3D printing, via the introduction of cyber systems into the inspection and maintenance processes. In addition, the handbook covers topics such as the management and processing of big data with respect to real-time monitoring of structural integrity and reliable inspection of individual components. Remote NDE to include competence not available on-site will be a potential technique to increase reliability of NDE inspections by integrating additional specialist inputs into the decision process by methods such as telepresence, thereby better leveraging the scarce resources of senior inspectors into industrial inspections at multiple sites. The handbook houses a wealth of essential information to help academics, industry professionals and entrepreneurs navigate through this burgeoning new field. The material in this handbook is presented with the intention of ultimately improving human safety through reliable inspections and dependable maintenance of critical infrastructure, while also enhancing business value through reduced downtime, affordable maintenance, and talent optimization.

Download or read book Nondestructive Characterization of Materials IV written by J.F. Bussière and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a great deal of interest in extending nondestructive technologies beyond the location and identification of cracks and voids. Specifically there is growing interest in the application of nondestructive evaluation (NOEl to the measurement of physical and mechanical properties of materials. The measurement of materials properties is often referred to as materials characterization; thus nondestructive techniques applied to characterization become nondestructive characterization (NDCl. There are a number of meetings, proceedings and journals focused upon nondestructive technologies and the detection and identification of cracks and voids. However, the series of symposia, of which these proceedings represent the fourth, are the only meetings uniquely focused upon nondestructive characterization. Moreover, these symposia are especially concerned with stimulating communication between the materials, mechanical and manufacturing engineer and the NDE technology oriented engineer and scientist. These symposia recognize that it is the welding of these areas of expertise that is necessary for practical development and application of NDC technology to measurements of components for in service life time and sensor technology for intelligent processing of materials. These proceedings are from the fourth international symposia and are edited by c.o. Ruud, J. F. Bussiere and R.E. Green, Jr. . The dates, places, etc of the symposia held to date area as follows: Symposia on Nondestructive Methods for TITLE: Material Property Determination DATES: April 6-8, 1983 PLACE: Hershey, PA, USA CHAIRPERSONS: C.O. Ruud and R.E. Green, Jr.

Download or read book Nondestructive Testing of Materials written by Roy Collins and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current state of all types of electromagnetic testing techniques and considers the implications of innovations for future inspection practice both in Europe and Japan.This volume provides researchers with an overview of exchanges on the subjects of ACPD and ACFM from both Japanese and continental perspectives. For instance: the Japanese project of applied electromagnetic theory to inspect nuclear power plants and the theory of signal inversion for flaw identification. Topics covered are: - Inversion, imaging and flaw reconstruction - Advanced signal processing - Artificial intelligence and neural networks - Modelling, simulation and benchmark problems - Reliability of inspections, new techniques and novel sensors - Automation of data acquisition and processing The work covers a wide range of disciplines and will therefore serve a large number of researchers of electromagnetic theory for the next millenium.