Download or read book Exploring De alloying in Iron Nickel Chromium Alloys and Its Relationship to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear High Temperature Water Environments written by Zoe Lewis Coull and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms initiate from localised corrosion (pitting, intergranular attack, de-alloying), which provides local stress concentration. Alloys are generally more susceptible to SCC than pure metals because selective dissolution or oxidation is possible. De-alloying involves the selective dissolution of the less noble (LN) component from an alloy. The more noble (MN) component enriches on the surface forming a brittle, metallic, nanoporous layer. In noble metal alloys and brass, SCC shows correlation with the threshold LN content below which de-alloying stops (the parting limit).In Fe-Ni-Cr engineering alloys de-alloying may be responsible for Cl-SCC, although this has not been proven explicitly. Initial indications show that de-alloying causes SCC in hot, caustic environments. In some cases, Ni enrichment and porosity are associated with cracks in stainless steel after long-term service in nuclear high temperature water environments, but it is unclear if this plays a causal role in cracking.Recently, it has been shown that SCC in noble element alloys depends on the mechanical integrity (quality) of the de-alloyed layer; a finding that was reflected here. At 140 °C at OCP the layer on 310SS was too thin to promote SCC and Alloy 800 did not de-alloy significantly. Layers formed with anodic potential did not result in SCC. In 50% NaOH at 280 °C, severely stressed 310SS cracked where thick de-alloyed layers formed. However, the thin layer formed on Alloy 800 was associated with SCC, even with low residual stress.Here the de-alloying mechanism (primarily the effect of Ni (MN) content) and its relationship to SCC in Fe-Ni-Cr materials (Fe10Ni, 310SS and Alloy 800) is examined using a hot caustic environment, and compared to classical de-alloying systems.De-alloyed layers formed on all materials, although Alloy 800 required a higher temperature. Increasing Ni content improved de-alloying resistance according to classical theory. Unlike classical systems, de-alloying occurred with concurrent MN dissolution and, at open circuit potential (OCP), the layers retained significant Fe and Cr (LN) instead of being 'almost pure' MN. Layers formed with applied anodic potential were friable and highly LN depleted. This behaviour was successfully modelled in Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.
Download or read book Exploring De alloying in Fe Ni Cr Alloys and Its Relationship to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear High Temperature Water Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms initiate from localised corrosion (pitting, intergranular attack, de-alloying), which provides local stress concentration. Alloys are generally more susceptible to SCC than pure metals because selective dissolution or oxidation is possible. De-alloying involves the selective dissolution of the less noble (LN) component from an alloy. The more noble (MN) component enriches on the surface forming a brittle, metallic, nanoporous layer. In noble metal alloys and brass, SCC shows correlation with the threshold LN content below which de-alloying stops (the parting limit). In Fe-Ni-Cr engineering alloys de-alloying may be responsible for Cl-SCC, although this has not been proven explicitly. Initial indications show that de-alloying causes SCC in hot, caustic environments. In some cases, Ni enrichment and porosity are associated with cracks in stainless steel after long-term service in nuclear high temperature water environments, but it is unclear if this plays a causal role in cracking. Here the de-alloying mechanism (primarily the effect of Ni (MN) content) and its relationship to SCC in Fe-Ni-Cr materials (Fe10Ni, 310SS and Alloy 800) is examined using a hot caustic environment, and compared to classical de-alloying systems. De-alloyed layers formed on all materials, although Alloy 800 required a higher temperature. Increasing Ni content improved de-alloying resistance according to classical theory. Unlike classical systems, de-alloying occurred with concurrent MN dissolution and, at open circuit potential (OCP), the layers retained significant Fe and Cr (LN) instead of being 'almost pure' MN. Layers formed with applied anodic potential were friable and highly LN depleted. This behaviour was successfully modelled in Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Recently, it has been shown that SCC in noble element alloys depends on the mechanical integrity (quality) of the de-alloyed layer; a finding that was reflected here. At 140 °C a.
Download or read book Exploring De alloying in Fe Ni Cr Alloys and Its Relationship to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear High Temperature Water Environments written by Zoe Lewis Coull and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms initiate from localised corrosion (pitting, intergranular attack, de-alloying), which provides local stress concentration. Alloys are generally more susceptible to SCC than pure metals because selective dissolution or oxidation is possible. De-alloying involves the selective dissolution of the less noble (LN) component from an alloy. The more noble (MN) component enriches on the surface forming a brittle, metallic, nanoporous layer. In noble metal alloys and brass, SCC shows correlation with the threshold LN content below which de-alloying stops (the parting limit). In Fe-Ni-Cr engineering alloys de-alloying may be responsible for Cl-SCC, although this has not been proven explicitly. Initial indications show that de-alloying causes SCC in hot, caustic environments. In some cases, Ni enrichment and porosity are associated with cracks in stainless steel after long-term service in nuclear high temperature water environments, but it is unclear if this plays a causal role in cracking. Here the de-alloying mechanism (primarily the effect of Ni (MN) content) and its relationship to SCC in Fe-Ni-Cr materials (Fe10Ni, 310SS and Alloy 800) is examined using a hot caustic environment, and compared to classical de-alloying systems. De-alloyed layers formed on all materials, although Alloy 800 required a higher temperature. Increasing Ni content improved de-alloying resistance according to classical theory. Unlike classical systems, de-alloying occurred with concurrent MN dissolution and, at open circuit potential (OCP), the layers retained significant Fe and Cr (LN) instead of being 'almost pure' MN. Layers formed with applied anodic potential were friable and highly LN depleted. This behaviour was successfully modelled in Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Recently, it has been shown that SCC in noble element alloys depends on the mechanical integrity (quality) of the de-alloyed layer; a finding that was reflected here. At 140 °C at OCP the layer on 310SS was too thin to promote SCC and Alloy 800 did not de-alloy significantly. Layers formed with anodic potential did not result in SCC. In 50% NaOH at 280 °C, severely stressed 310SS cracked where thick de-alloyed layers formed. However, the thin layer formed on Alloy 800 was associated with SCC, even with low residual stress.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Based Alloys in Water cooled Nuclear Reactors written by Damien Feron and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Based Alloys in Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors: The Coriou Effect presents the latest information on brittle failure of metals in corrosive chemical environments under the influence of tensile stresses. Nickel alloys are more resistant to SCC as well as high temperatures and have been widely used in more challenging environments such as nuclear power plants. However, these alloys can suffer SCC under certain conditions, resulting in component failure. A key figure in understanding the mechanisms of SCC in nickel alloys in water-cooled nuclear reactors is Henri Coriou of the CEA, France's leading center for nuclear research. This book assesses his work in the context of the latest research on SCC in nickel alloys in nuclear power plants. - Up-to-date reviews of recent research findings from leading experts in the field - Authoritative and comprehensively reviewed by the Working Party 4 on Nuclear Corrosion - Showcases the excellent quality and technical accomplishments of Henri Coriou and CEA
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ni Fe Cr Alloys Relevant to Nuclear Power Plants written by Suraj Yogindra Persaud and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Investigation of the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nickel Base Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program is to evaluate the primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) susceptibility of high chromium alloy 690 and its weld metals, establish quantitative measurements of crack-growth rates and determine relationships among cracking susceptibility, environmental conditions and metallurgical characteristics. Stress-corrosion, crack-growth rates have been determined for 12 alloy 690 specimens, 11 alloy 152/52/52M weld metal specimens, 4 alloy 52M/182 overlay specimens and 2 alloy 52M/82 inlay specimens in simulated PWR primary water environments. The alloy 690 test materials included three different heats of extruded control-rod-drive mechanism (CRDM) tubing with variations in the initial material condition and degree of cold work for one heat. Two cold-rolled (CR) alloy 690 plate heats were also obtained and evaluated enabling comparisons to the CR CRDM materials. Weld metal, overlay and inlay specimens were machined from industry mock ups to provide plant-representative materials for testing. Specimens have been tested for one alloy 152 weld, two alloy 52 welds and three alloy 52M welds. The overlay and inlay specimens were prepared to propagate stress-corrosion cracks from the alloy 182 or 82 material into the more resistant alloy 52M. In all cases, crack extension was monitored in situ by direct current potential drop (DCPD) with length resolution of about +1 æm making it possible to measure extremely low growth rates approaching 5x10-10 mm/s. Most SCC tests were performed at 325-360°C with hydrogen concentrations from 11-29 cc/kg; however, environmental conditions were modified during a few experiments to evaluate the influence of temperature, water chemistry or electrochemical potential on propagation rates. In addition, low-temperature (5̃0°C) cracking behavior was examined for selected alloy 690 and weld metal specimens. Extensive characterizations have been performed on material microstructures and stress-corrosion cracks by optical and electron microscopy techniques and linked to crack-growth test results to help define material and environmental parameters controlling SCC susceptibility.
Download or read book Effect of Chromium on the Oxides and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Nickel Alloys in High Temperature Water written by Peter Rosecrans and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nickel Alloys written by Ulrich Heubner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-09-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the latest developments in nickel alloys and high-alloy special stainless steels by material number, price, wear rate in corrosive media, mechanical and metallurgical characteristics, weldability, and resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Nickel Alloys is at the forefront in the search for the most economic solutions to c
Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors' unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. - Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. - Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. - Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism of the Oxidation of Nickel and Chromium Alloys written by D. V. Ignatov and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Alloy Chemistry Cold Work and Water Chemistry on Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Alloys and Welds written by O. K. Chopra and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactor vessel internal components made of nickel-base alloys are susceptible to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). A better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this cracking may permit less conservative estimates of damage accumulation and requirements on inspection intervals. The objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the resistance of Alloys 600 and 690 and their welds, such as Alloys 82, 182, 52, and 152, to EAC in simulated light water reactor environments. The existing crack growth rate (CGR) data for these alloys under cyclic and constant loads have been evaluated to establish the effects of alloy chemistry, cold work, and water chemistry. The experimental fatigue CGRs are compared with CGRs that would be expected in air under the same mechanical loading conditions to obtain a qualitative understanding of the degree and range of conditions for significant environmental enhancement in growth rates. The existing stress corrosion cracking (SCC) data on Alloys 600 and 690 and Alloy 82, 182, and 52 welds have been compiled and analyzed to determine the influence of key parameters on growth rates in simulated PWR and BWR environments. The SCC data for these alloys have been evaluated with correlations developed by Scott and by Ford and Andresen.
Download or read book Mechanism of the Oxidation of Nickel and Chromium Alloys written by Daniil Vasilʹevich Ignatov and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids as Solvents and Reaction Media written by Gerd H. Brunner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-06-11 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids behave either like a gas or a liquid, depending on the values of thermodynamic properties. This tuning of properties, and other advantageous properties of supercritical fluids led to innovative technologies. More than 100 plants of production size are now in operation worldwide in the areas of process and production technology, environmental applications, and particle engineering. New processes are under research and development in various fields. This book provides an overview of the research activities in the field of Supercritical Fluids in Germany. It is based on the research program "Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media" on the initiative of the "GVC-Fachausschuß Hochdruckverfahrenstechnik" (i.e. the German working party on High Pressure Chemical Engineering of the Society of Chemical Engineers).This research program provided an immensely valuable platform for exchange of knowledge and experience. More than 50 young researchers were involved contributing with their expertise, their new ideas, and the motivation of youth. The results of this innovative research are described in this book.- This book provides an overview of the research activities in the field of Supercritical Fluids in Germany- Contains results of projects within the research program on "Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media" on the initiative of the German working party on High Pressure Chemical Engineering of the Society of Chemical Engineers.- More than 50 young researchers were involved in contributing with their expertise, their new ideas, and the motivation of youth.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Nickel and Nickel Alloys written by WE. Berry and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a discussion of the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of nickel and alloys containing substantial additions of nickel. The occurrence of cracking in various environments such as chloride solutions and salt environments, hydrofluoric and hydrofluorosilicic acid, high temperature water and steam, caustic solution, mercury, mercuric salts and liquid metal embrittlement are discussed. Also discussed are the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking and the prevention of stress corrosion cracking in nickel alloys.
Download or read book A Study of the High Temperature Corrosion of Iron nickel chromium Alloys by Ion Analysis written by W. Betteridge and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
