Download or read book Exploration of Cell Polarity and Essential Gene Function in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jennifer Haynes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precise molecular and genetic functions of many conserved eukaryotic proteins that regulate fundamental cellular processes, such as polarized cell growth and actin cytoskeleton organization, are poorly understood. The high degree of conservation of cell cycle and cell polarity regulators among eukaryotic cells makes the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a useful model system for studying conserved cellular processes, such as cell cycle control and polarized cell growth. In this thesis, I describe the role of binding activity for an actin cytoskeleton regulator, Abp1p, which mediates multiple contacts with other proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton and polarized cell growth through a conserved protein-protein interaction module, the SH3 domain. I show that the impact of reductions in binding affinity of the Abp1p SH3 domain varies depending on the biological context and that considerable reductions in binding affinity can be tolerated by the cell, with little or no discernable effects on cell growth, suggesting a threshold at which growth defects begin. Functional genomics approaches have been developed in yeast to systematically analyze gene function on a genome-wide scale. Within the last ten years, a very large amount of diverse functional genomics and interaction data has been generated, including mRNA expression, protein-protein interaction, protein localization, and genetic interaction data. The integration of functional genomics and interaction data sets is of key importance for making confident predictions regarding gene function that can be followed-up by experimental verification. In this thesis, I describe the use of titratable promoter-replacement alleles to study essential gene function in yeast and the generation of multiple functional genomics and genetic interaction data sets for essential genes. I also describe my contributions to the discovery of novel functions for essential genes involved in a variety of different conserved cellular processes, which was facilitated by integrating the data from multiple functional genomics experiments.
Download or read book Functional Genomic Approaches to Study Cell Polarity Regulation by G1 Cyclins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jian Zou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the G1-specific cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) Cln1-, Cln2-Cdc28 and Pcl1-, Pcl2-Pho85 are essential for ensuring that DNA replication and cell division are properly linked to cell polarity and bud morphogenesis. However, like most genes in S. cerevisiae, individual cyclin genes are not required for viability, and the phenotypes associated with deletion of any single cyclin gene tend to be subtle. My goal was to dissect the cellular roles of the G1 cyclins by systematically identifying their genetic interactions. To do this, I conducted Synthetic Genetic Array (SGA) screens using strains deleted for different combinations of cyclin genes. The results of screens with strains deleted for the G1 cyclin pairs, CLN1, CLN2, or PCL1, PCL2, confirmed a role for these cyclins in cell polarity regulation and identified novel G1 Cdk substrates, which I examined in more detail.One cell polarity regulator that showed an interesting pattern of genetic interactions with G1 cyclins was BNI1, which encodes a yeast formin protein. Overexpression of BNI1 caused an Synthetic Dosage Lethal interaction in the absence of both G1 cyclin pairs while its deletion caused synthetic lethality specifically in the absence of PCL1, PCL2. Consistent with these genetic interactions, phosphorylation of Bni1 was partially dependent on CLN1, CLN2. It has been proposed that Bni1 is regulated by intramolecular interactions. In an effort to discover how phosphorylation might affect Bni1 function, I developed assays to test for intramolecular interactions. In my experiments I found no evidence that Bni1 is regulated by intramolecular binding, as was proposed from parallels with its mouse homolog mDia1.I also found that deletion of BNI4, which encodes an adaptor protein that targets several proteins to the bud neck, results in severe growth defects in the absence of the Cdc28 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2, and overexpression of BNI4 was toxic in yeast cells lacking the Pho85 cyclins Pcl1 and Pcl2. I discovered that Bni4 was phosphorylated by Pcl1- and Pcl2-Pho85 in vitro and that phosphorylation of Bni4 was dependent on PCL1 and PCL2 in vivo. Further analysis showed that phosphorylation of Bni4 by Pcl-Pho85 is necessary for its localization to bud neck, and the bud neck structure can be disrupted by overexpressing BNI4 in pcl1Deltapcl2Delta mutant cells. I propose that if Bni4 cannot be regulated by phosphorylation, it may titrate away an essential component that resides at the bud neck, thus causing catastrophic morphogenesis defects. The relationship between G1 Cdk activity and the polarity regulator Bni4 serves as a bridge to link the cell cycle machine to the regulation of cell.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Genes Exhibiting Genetic Interactions with the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Polarity Components Cdc42p and Cdc24p written by William Hunter White and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 Cdk5 written by Nancy Y. Ip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Yeast Gene Analysis written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the second edition of Yeast Gene Analysis represents a major reworking of the original edition, with many completely new chapters and major revisions to all previous chapters. Originally published shortly after completion of the yeast genome sequence, the new edition covers many of the major genome-wide strategies that have been developed since then such as microarray analysis of transcription, synthetic gene array studies, protein microarrays and chemical genetic approaches. It represents a valuable resource for any research laboratory using budding yeast as their experimental system in which to identify new yeast gene functions. The chapters are written in a readable style with useful background information, technical tips and specific experimental protocols included as appropriate, enabling both the novice and the experienced yeast researcher to adopt new procedures with confidence. - New chapters on: Strain construction; genome-wide two-hybrid approaches; use of microarrays for transcript analysis; real-time analysis of chromosome behaviour and FRET; synthetic gene array technology and protein arrays; chemical genomics and yeast prions; RNA gene analysis and mitochondrial gene function analysis; phylogenetic footprinting; discovering human gene function and predicting yeast gene function
Download or read book Fungi written by Ramesh Maheshwari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are now at the forefront of research on mechanisms in gene silencing, biological rhythm, mating processes, biogenesis of intracellular organelles, adaptations to hostile habitats, structure of natural populations, and speciation. Because of their small genomes, fungi are being used in "systems biology" to understand the connections between ge
Download or read book Cystogenesis written by Jong Hoon Park and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a highly prevalent hereditary renal disorder in which fluid-filled cysts are appeared in both kidneys. Main causative genes of ADPKD are PKD1 and PKD2, encoding for polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) respectively. Those proteins are localized on primary cilia and function as mechanosensor in response to the fluid flow, translating mechanistic stimuli into calcium signaling. With mutations either of PKD1 or PKD2, hyper-activated renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation is observed, followed by disrupted calcium homeostasis and aberrant intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. Increased cell proliferation with fluid secretion leads to the development of thousands of epithelial-lined, fluid-filled cysts in kidneys. It is also accompanied by interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and finally reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In human ADPKD, the age at which renal failure typically occurs is later in life, however no specific targeted medications are available to cure ADPKD. Recently, potential therapeutic targets or surrogate diagnostic biomarkers for ADPKD are proposed with the advances in the understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis, and some of them were attempted for clinical trials. Herein, we will summarize genetic and epi-genetic molecular mechanisms in ADPKD progression, and overview the currently available biomarkers or potential therapeutic reagents suggested.
Download or read book Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process written by Jason B. Wolf and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, research into epistasis has seen explosive growth and has moved the focus of research in evolutionary genetics from a traditional additive approach. We now know the effects of genes are rarely independent, and to reach a fuller understanding of the process of evolution we need to look at gene interactions as well as gene-environment interactions. This book is an overview of non-additive evolutionary genetics, integrating all work to date on all levels of evolutionary investigation of the importance of epistasis in the evolutionary process in general. It includes a historical perspective on this emerging field, in-depth discussion of terminology, discussions of the effects of epistasis at several different levels of biological organization and combinations of theoretical and experimental approaches to analysis.
Download or read book Calcium as a Cellular Regulator written by Ernesto Carafoli and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompassing all aspects of calcium signalling, from methods of measuring calcium in cells to the molecular mechanisms for decoding its information, this comprehensive book balances historical aspects and state of the art developments.
Download or read book Metabolism and Molecular Physiology of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by J. Richard Dickinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-04-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the best-selling first edition, much has been discovered about Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single-celled fungus commonly known as baker's yeast or brewer's yeast that is the basis for much of our understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of eukaryotes. This wealth of new research data demands our attention and r
Download or read book Cell Polarity in Development and Disease written by Douglas W Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. - Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development - Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer - Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Download or read book The Yeast Role in Medical Applications written by Waleed Mohamed Hussain Abdulkhair and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology including medical applications depends on the yeast as biofermenter to produce many industrial products including pharmaceutical ones. Although yeasts are first known as useful microorganisms, some of them are identified as pathogens for plants, animals, and humans. Due to the simple cellular structure of the yeast among other microbial groups, it is used in the earliest investigations to determine the features of eukaryotic molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. The economic income of some countries mainly depends on yeast for producing the economic products, such as France that depends on yeast for wine production. This book throws light on yeast and its important role in the medical applications.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Cell Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No. 2, pt. 2 of November issue each year from v. 19 (1963)-47 (1970) and v. 55 (1972)- contain the Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, 3d (1963)-10th (1970) and 12th (1972)-
Download or read book Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology written by Christine Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 1991-01-28 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology presents, for the first time, a comprehensive compilation of the protocols and procedures that have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae such a facile system for all researchers in molecular and cell biology. Whether you are an established yeast biologist or a newcomer to the field, this volume contains all the up-to-date methods you will need to study "Your Favorite Gene" in yeast. Basic Methods in Yeast Genetics**Physical and genetic mapping**Making and recovering mutants**Cloning and Recombinant DNA Methods**High-efficiency transformation**Preparation of yeast artificial chromosome vectors**Basic Methods of Cell Biology**Immunomicroscopy**Protein targeting assays**Biochemistry of Gene Expression**Vectors for regulated expression**Isolation of labeled and unlabeled DNA, RNA, and protein
Download or read book Centromeres and Kinetochores written by Ben E. Black and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field.
