Download or read book Experimental Study of Steam Surfactant Flood for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery After Waterflooding written by Dinmukhamed M. Sunnatov and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steam injection with added surface active chemicals is one of general EOR processes aimed to recover residual oil after primary production processes. It has been demonstrated that, after waterflooding, an oil swept area can be increased by steam surfactant flow due to the reduced steam override effect as well as reduced interfacial tension between oil and water in the formation. To investigate the ability to improve recovery of 20.5oAPI California heavy oil with steam surfactant injection, several experiments with a one-dimensional model were performed. Two experimental models with similar porous media, fluids, chemicals, as well as injection and production conditions, were applied. The first series of experiments were carried out in a vertical cylindrical injection cell with dimensions of 7.4 cm x 67 cm. The second part of experiment was conducted using a horizontal tube model with dimensions of 3.5 cm x 110.5 cm. The horizontal model with a smaller diameter than the vertical injection cell is less subject to channel formation and is therefore more applicable for the laboratory scale modeling of the one-dimensional steam injection process. Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was coinjected into the steam flow. For both series of experimental work with vertical and horizontal injection cells, the concentration of Triton X-100 surfactant solution used was chosen 3.0 wt%. The injection rates were set to inject the same 0.8 pore volumes of steam for the vertical model and 1.8 pore volumes of steam for horizontal model. The steam was injected at superheated conditions of 200oC and pressure of 100 psig. The liquid produced from the separator was sampled periodically and treated to determine oilcut and produced oil properties. The interfacial tension (IFT) of the produced oil and water were measured with an IFT meter and compared to that for the original oil. The experimental study demonstrated that the average incremental oil recovery with steam surfactant flood is 7 % of the original oil-in-place above that with pure steam injection.
Download or read book Comprehensive Experimental Study on Foam Flooding for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery written by Jing Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, thermal method, such as steam injection and in-situ combustion are the best for recovering heavy oil. However, some reservoirs in Canada and the United States with ultra thin oil formations saturated with lower viscous heavy oil (50~200 cp), chemical flooding is more attractive compared with conventional thermal methods. This study is aimed to explore the effectiveness and potential application of foam flooding for enhancing moderately viscous oil recovery. The effects of surfactant type and concentration on surfactant properties were examined in terms of bulk foam ability and foam stability by the Ross-miles method and Warning blender method. Foam stability in the presence of experiment heavy oil was determined on the basis of a mechanistic understanding of foam propagation in porous media, combined with "Pseudoemulsion-film model" theory. The effects of foam quality and flow rate on foam mobility were determined by performing a series of steady-state foam flow experiments in oil-free sandstone porous media. Oil displacement experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of immiscible foam as a tertiary recovery method in recovering heavy oil and to make a comprehensive evaluation of oil displacement efficiency of foam generated by different surfactants. Mobility Reduction Factor (MRF) in the presence or absence of oil were determined to reveal the destabilize effect of oil on foam stability in porous media and investigate the sensitive degree of different types of foam to oil. Results show anionic surfactants had the best comprehensive foaming ability, followed by nonionic, cationic surfactants. The optimum foaming concentration was found to be 1.0 wt%. To generate stabilized foam, BIO-TERGE AS-40, STEPANTEX VT-90, Triton X-100 were selected as representatives of anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants, respectively. Co-injection of CO2/foaming agent was manifested as a reasonable injection strategy, and the highest recovery factor (RF) was obtained at 80% foam quality with the flowrate of 2.5 cm3/min (at ambient condition). VT-90 foam, as a cationic surfactant, surprisingly presented the highest resistance to flow compared with foam generated by other two surfactants at the same foam quality and gas/liquid flow velocities. Results of this study showed that foam flooding can be used as an effective tertiary method for enhancing heavy oil recovery. One order decrease in MRFs of the three tested surfactants after interacting with water-flood residual oil proved that experiment heavy oil undoubtedly destabilizes foam texture. VT-90 foam, again exhibited extraordinary foam strength with oil despite its poor bulk foam ability. The ultimate oil recovery of as high as 73% of residual oil in place (ROIP) by VT-90 foam coincides with its lowest sensitive degree to heavy oil. It is speculated that, commercial microemulsions, such as STEPANTEX VT-90 solution, have the potential to recover more oil by emulsifying oil droplets in the Plateau borders and transporting them with bubbles.
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Patrizio Raffa and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Download or read book Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding written by Kun Sang Lee and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding explains the latest technologies used in the integration of low-salinity and smart waterflooding in other EOR processes to reduce risks attributed to numerous difficulties in existing technologies, also introducing the synergetic effects. Covering both lab and field work and the challenges ahead, the book delivers a cutting-edge product for today’s reservoir engineers. Explains how smart waterflooding is beneficial to each EOR process, such as miscible, chemical and thermal technologies Discusses the mechanics and modeling involved using geochemistry Provides extensive tools, such as reservoir simulations through experiments and field tests, establishing a bridge between theory and practice
Download or read book Experimental Study of Chemically Assisted Steam Flooding in Fractured Rocks for Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Hamad Abdullah Mohammed Al-Habsy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.
Download or read book Microemulsion Systems written by Henri L. Rosano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1987-03-27 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Phenomena in Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Shah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that I present to the international scientific community this collection of papers presented at the symposium on Surface Phenomena in Enhanced Oil Recovery held at Stockholm, Sweden, during August 20-25, 1979. It has been an exciting and exhausting experience to edit the papers included in this volume. The proceedings cover six major areas of research related to chemical flooding processes for enhanced oil recovery, namely, 1) Fundamental aspects of the oil displacement process, 2) Micro structure of surfactant systems, 3) Emulsion rheology and oil dis placement mechanisms, 4) Wettability and oil displacement mecha nisms, 5) Adsorption, clays and chemical loss mechanisms, and 6) Polymer rheology and surfactant-polymer interactions. This book also includes two invited review papers, namely, "Research on Enhanced Oil Recovery: Past, Present and Future," and "Formation and Properties of Micelles and Microemulsions" by Professor J. J. Taber and Professor H. F. Eicke respectively. This symposium volume reflects the current state-of-art and our understanding of various surface phenomena in enhanced oil recovery processes. The participation by researchers from various countries in this symposium reflects the global interest in this area of research and the international effort to develop che science and technology of enhanced oil recovery processes.
Download or read book An Experimental Study of a Waterflood Enhanced Oil Recovery Case History written by Rona J. Donahoe and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J. Sheng and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, the fundamentals of surfactant flooding are covered, which include microemulsion properties, phase behavior, interfacial tension, capillary desaturation, surfactant adsorption and retention, and relative permeabilities. The surfactant–polymer interactions are discussed. The mechanisms and screening criteria are briefly discussed. The field cases presented include low-tension waterflooding (Loma Novia, Wichita County Regular field), sequential micellar/polymer flooding (El Dorado, Sloss), micellar/polymer flooding (Torchlight and Delaware-Childers), and Minas SP project preparation and SP flooding (Gudong).
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies bridges the gap between theory and practice in a range of real-world EOR settings. Areas covered include steam and polymer flooding, use of foam, in situ combustion, microorganisms, "smart water"-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones, and many more. Oil industry professionals know that the key to a successful enhanced oil recovery project lies in anticipating the differences between plans and the realities found in the field. This book aids that effort, providing valuable case studies from more than 250 EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. The case studies cover practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, operational parameters, solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies, benefitting academicians and oil company practitioners alike. Strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice Focuses on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, and operational parameters Designed for technical professionals, covering the fundamental as well as the advanced aspects of EOR
Download or read book Polymer Flooding written by W. Littmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-09-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of polymer flooding, an enhanced oil recovery method using water soluble polymers to increase the viscosity of flood water, for the displacement of crude oil from porous reservoir rocks. Although this method is becoming increasingly important, there is very little literature available for the engineer wishing to embark on such a project. In the past, polymer flooding was mainly the subject of research. The results of this research are spread over a vast number of single publications, making it difficult for someone who has not kept up-to-date with developments during the last 10 to 15 years to judge the suitability of polymer flooding to a particular field case. This book tries to fill that gap. The basic mechanisms of the process are described and criteria given where it may be employed. Basic elements of the chemistry of EOR-polymers are provided. The fundamentals of polymer physics, such as rheology, flow in porous media and adsorption, are derived. Practical hints on mixing and testing of polymers in the laboratory are given, as well as instructions for their application in the oil field. Polymer flooding is illustrated by some case histories and the economics of the methods are examined. For the essential subjects, example calculations are added. An indispensable book for reservoir engineers, production engineers and laboratory technicians within the petroleum industry.
Download or read book Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crude oil development and production in U.S. oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct phases: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery. During primary recovery, the natural pressure of the reservoir or gravity drive oil into the wellbore, combined with artificial lift techniques (such as pumps) which bring the oil to the surface. But only about 10 percent of a reservoir's original oil in place is typically produced during primary recovery. Secondary recovery techniques to the field's productive life generally by injecting water or gas to displace oil and drive it to a production wellbore, resulting in the recovery of 20 to 40 percent of the original oil in place. In the past two decades, major oil companies and research organizations have conducted extensive theoretical and laboratory EOR (enhanced oil recovery) researches, to include validating pilot and field trials relevant to much needed domestic commercial application, while western countries had terminated such endeavours almost completely due to low oil prices. In recent years, oil demand has soared and now these operations have become more desirable. This book is about the recent developments in the area as well as the technology for enhancing oil recovery. The book provides important case studies related to over one hundred EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. These case studies focus on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modelling methods, operational parameters (e.g., injected chemical concentration, slug sizes, flooding schemes and well spacing), solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies. The book strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice, and would be invaluable to academicians and oil company practitioners alike. Updated chemical EOR fundamentals providing clear picture of fundamental concepts Practical cases with problems and solutions providing practical analogues and experiences Actual data regarding ranges of operation parameters providing initial design parameters Step-by-step calculation examples providing practical engineers with convenient procedures
Download or read book On the Stability of Foam written by Benjamine Tokuo Tsunajima and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluate Foams to Improve Oil Recovery from Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This experimental investigation was carried out to develop a foam treatment for possible field application in a steam flood operation. The study evaluated several available surfactants to select the most promising and provided data on the effect of several process parameters for the selected surfactant. Six different surfactants, representing a cross section of temperature stable surfactants currently in the market, were evaluated in Ottawa sand cores. The increase in pressure drop across the core resulting from injection of the foaming surfactant with steam into the core containing steam flood residual oil was measured. The extent of surfactant losses due to adsorption and thermal degradation in the field were also considered. The effects of concentration, flow rates, steam quality and non-condensable gas were examined using the selected surfactant.
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery I written by E.C. Donaldson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1985-02-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth study of the fundamental aspects of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), this book brings together detailed analyses of proven techniques. It begins with the current theories of the origin of oil and ends with a treatise on waterflooding which is the basis of the majority of EOR processes. Two and three-phase relative permeability relationships are discussed since they form the basis for fluid flow processes in porous media. The advent of EOR has increased the need for a better understanding of three-phase flow because this has become an integral part of carbon dioxide and steam injection, yet is an area of experimental study that has been seriously neglected. The book gives a complete review and theoretical analysis of two- and three-phase fluid flow, plus a basic introduction to single-well pressure transient testing which is essential to the evaluation of volume, intrinsic reservoir pressure, reservoir discontinuities, in situ permeability and many other data required for complete reservoir evaluation. A discussion of oilfield waters is followed closely by the chemical and physical properties of employing various current EOR techniques.The book will interest a wide range of readers. Teachers of petroleum engineering will find it a ready reference to basic requirements for implementation of various EOR processes. Petroleum engineering researchers can use it to review the current state-of-the-art of the basic premise of EOR and find in it the necessary background analyses for projection of future research. The field-oriented, practical petroleum engineer will discover it to be a reliable reference to criteria for pre-EOR reservoir analysis.
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Surfactant Flooding in Fractured Limestones written by Miguel Mejia (M.S. in Engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonates are important candidates for enhanced oil recovery, but recovering oil from oil-wet fractured carbonate reservoirs is challenging. Waterflooding bypasses the rock matrix and recovers little oil. Chemical enhanced oil recovery using surfactants increases oil recovery by lowering the interfacial tension, changing the wettability, and generating viscous microemulsions that improve mobility control. Seven Texas Cream Limestone cores with a permeability of 15-30 md were fractured and saturated with 100% oil. The cores were aged for one week at 78 C to make them oil-wet. The fracture permeability was adjusted so that it was 10,000 times higher than the rock matrix by changing the confining stress. Waterflooding recovered an average of 6.5% of the original oil in place with an oil cut of less than 2% at the end of the waterfloods. Aqueous surfactant-alkali solution was injected after each waterflood. All of the surfactant floods produced oil cuts of more than 25% soon after injection started. Surfactant slugs of 3 PV, 1 PV and 0.3 PV followed by brine drives recovered 45, 44, and 30% of the remaining oil after the waterfloods. The 1 PV and 0.3 PV slug sizes were more efficient in terms of oil recovered for a given mass of injected surfactant. In both cases, a high salinity surfactant solution was injected to produce a viscous microemulsion in-situ. The viscous microemulsion increased oil recovery by promoting crossflow and improving mobility control. Low surfactant retention is vital for the economics of surfactant floods. The experiments show that using sodium hydroxide caused surfactant retention to be very low in fractured limestone cores. The average surfactant retention was 0.17 mg/g-rock. Decreasing the flow rate increased the oil recovery at a given injected pore volume. Thus changing practical design variables (salinity, surfactant slug size, flow rate) has a significant effect on oil recovery
